Soybean Meat Research Articles

Sensory testing and quality maintenance of hamburgers containing soybean meat

In the past few years, lifestyle-related diseases have been increasing, and meat intake has been linked to this increase. Therefore, in recent years, there have been attempts to use soybeans as a substitute for meat. Soybeans exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Therefore, processing foods using soybeans may preserve food quality because the main factors causing food deterioration are oxidation and microbial growth. To verify the quality-retention effect of soybeans, we conducted a sensory test on hamburgers, the quality of which readily deteriorates over time. We investigated the percentage of soybean meat that would be acceptable in a hamburger and quality retention with the addition of different amounts of soybean meat. We found that hamburgers with soybean meat were accepted by more than half of the participants when the soybean meat content was ≤50%. In terms of changes over time in quality-related factors, the L- and b-values (lightness/brightness and yellowness/blueness, respectively) were higher, avalue (redness/greenness) was lower, and pH was higher in hamburgers that contained soybean meat than in those without added soybean meat. Furthermore, an increase in the bacteria count and peroxide content was suppressed in hamburgers containing soybean meat. The results indicate that hamburgers containing soybean meat are of higher quality than those made with 100% animal meat. The use of soybeans as a meat substitute in hamburgers can help mitigate the rise of lifestyle-related diseases linked to high meat consumption.

Determination of soya grain strength, reduction and loss in storage and processing

This scientific article analyzes, that with an increase in soybean production, an important role is given to reducing the loss of soybean grain per harvester and from crushing, when the plants are harvested, and post-harvest processing of grain in the production of reproductive seeds. The studied climatic conditions of the Amur region during the soybean harvesting period (October) are characterized by low precipitation and low relative air humidity, it helps dry the plants. Identified, that under these conditions, soybeans and grain are losing strength and, under the influence of the working bodies of motovil and reaper, beans are pulled off or uncovered and grain losses are noted, a threshing and separation devices (MSU) of a grain harvester crush grain when milled, resulting in crop losses. Formulated in the process of scientific research, that the tensile strength or destructive load of soybean kernels by grade at humidity 6,5% change from 13.03 before 29.02 kg. Knowing the destructive load for soybean grain, proposal for Action, prevent destructive modes of operation for the working organs of the threshing and transporting devices of the combine. Based on the reliably obtained regression equation, the response surface is represented, determining the force of the action of the working bodies of the combine in the function of the changing speed from 8.0 before 20 m/s, mass of grain from 0.15 before 0.35 g., which in the September variety increases to 10 N.

Simulation of fluid flow and heat-moisture transfer mechanism in packed bed based on double-diffusion model

Based on the discrete element method (DEM), four packed beds composed of soybean kernels with diameters of 6.4, 6.8, 7.4 mm, and the mixture of three kinds of particles were established. Then, a double-diffusion heat and mass transfer model between the grain pile and the interstitial air was established based on the local mass and thermal non-equilibrium (LMTNE) mechanism. Finally, employing particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (PRCFD), the heat and mass transfer between the grain kernels and air during the drying process in the four packed beds were numerically resolved. It was found that the packed bed formed by stacking particles of different diameters had a minimum porosity of 0.4547. The radial porosity of the packed bed oscillates and decreases toward the central axis, while the tortuosity of the airflow path oscillates and decays toward the periphery. The mass transfer Biot number for soybean kernels with diameters of 6.4, 6.8, and 7.4 mm were 2.38 × 106, 2.44 × 106, and 2.53 × 106, respectively. This indicates that the mass transfer rate in the grain pile primarily depends on the magnitude of the moisture diffusion coefficient within the grain kernels. Compared with mass diffusion, thermal diffusion occurs much faster, which results in temperature gradients in packed beds only existing in the first 5 min of drying, and the drying rate in the early stage is higher than that in the later stage. Most importantly, the airflow characteristics, heat and moisture content are not in local equilibrium in the packed bed, and should be considered when designing drying systems.

Effect of Soybean Protein Concentrate Preparation on Copy Numbers and Structural Characteristics of DNA from Genetically Modified Soybean.

To regulate the degradation of transgenic DNA and lay theoretical foundations for the rational utilization of genetically modified (GM) products, variations in copy numbers and structural characteristics of DNA from GM soybean event GTS 40-3-2 during soybean protein concentrate (SPC) preparation were evaluated. Results showed that defatting and the first ethanol extraction were key procedures inducing DNA degradation. After these two procedures, copy numbers of the lectin and cp4 epsps targets decreased by more than 4 × 108, occupying 36.88-49.30% of the total copy numbers from raw soybean. Atomic force microscopy images visually revealed the degradation of DNA that thinned and shortened during SPC preparation. Circular dichroism spectra suggested a lower helicity of DNA from defatted soybean kernel flour and a conformation transition of DNA from B-type to A-type after ethanol extraction. The fluorescence intensity of DNA decreased during SPC preparation, verifying the DNA damage along this preparation chain.

Evaluation of soybean grain quality and yield across various row spacings, planting dates, and fungicide programs

AbstractOne of the major constraints to profitable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production is yield losses caused by disease. The mid‐southern region of the United States typically experiences environmental conditions that are conducive to disease development, particularly during later reproductive growth stages. It is common for producers in this region to apply fungicides at the beginning of pod development (R3 growth stage; development of pods 3/16 inches long). Producers often question if establishing crops in different row patterns would alter the yield response to prophylactic fungicide applications. Producers also seek answers regarding the yield and grain quality responses to fungicide applications across different row patterns. However, limited data exist to determine if fungicide applications influence the responses of soybean's yield and grain quality between different row spacings. The objective of this research was to evaluate soybean's growth, development, yield, and grain quality across various row spacings, planting dates, and prophylactic fungicide application programs in the absence of disease. These data support that early‐planted soybean had greater yield than later‐planted soybean. No interactions were observed among row spacing, planting date, and fungicide product with respect to yield. Independently, no yield differences were observed regardless of the row spacing or the fungicide product. Regarding quality, soybean planted later resulted in fewer total damaged soybean kernels. These data suggest that row spacing and planting date may not influence soybean's yield response to prophylactic fungicide. Furthermore, these data also suggest that prophylactic fungicide during pod development may not influence the subsequent grain quality.

Fusion of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and RGB for identification of soybean kernel damages using ShuffleNet with convolutional optimization and cross stage partial architecture.

Identification of soybean kernel damages is significant to prevent further disoperation. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has shown great potential in cereal kernel identification, but its low spatial resolution leads to external feature infidelity and limits the analysis accuracy. In this study, the fusion of HSI and RGB images and improved ShuffleNet were combined to develop an identification method for soybean kernel damages. First, the HSI-RGB fusion network (HRFN) was designed based on super-resolution and spectral modification modules to process the registered HSI and RGB image pairs and generate super-resolution HSI (SR-HSI) images. ShuffleNet improved with convolution optimization and cross-stage partial architecture (ShuffleNet_COCSP) was used to build classification models with the optimal image set of effective wavelengths (OISEW) of SR-HSI images obtained by support vector machine and ShuffleNet. High-quality fusion of HSI and RGB with the obvious spatial promotion and satisfactory spectral conservation was gained by HRFN. ShuffleNet_COCSP and OISEW obtained the optimal recognition performance of ACCp=98.36%, Params=0.805 M, and FLOPs=0.097 G, outperforming other classification methods and other types of images. Overall, the proposed method provides an accurate and reliable identification of soybean kernel damages and would be extended to analysis of other quality indicators of various crop kernels.

Degradation dynamics of organophosphorus insecticides applied in stored soybean (Glycine max L.) during supervised trials.

During storage, soybean kernels can be attacked by insects, which are preventively controlled with insecticides. Information on the dissipation of insecticide residues is crucial to know their final concentrations in food and establish the waiting periods necessary for consumption without health risks, and to determine the minimum waiting period necessary to comply with national and international standards. The aims of this study were to quantify the residue levels of organophosphorus insecticides (dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos-methyl and pirimiphos-methyl) in stored soybean, establish the effect during the storage period, and model the dissipation dynamics. Insecticide residues in soybeans were analyzed at 2, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after application. An analytical method based on QuEChERS extraction followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) determination was validated, with mean recoveries of 82-105%, depending on the spiking levels. Residues decreased below 80% of the initial concentration at 60 days after application and below quantifiable levels at 120 days. Residues followed a pseudo-first-order dissipation dynamics [Ct = C0×exp(-k.t)], with the dissipation constant (k) and half-lives being 0.538 and 1.3 days for dichlorvos, 0.018 and 38.8 days for chlorpyrifos-methyl, and 0.023 and 30.1 days for pirimiphos-methyl, respectively. These results allow concluding that, at the recommended dosage, these insecticides are safe for use on soybean grains stored under standard conditions commonly nowadays used in Argentina.

Carbon dots promoted soybean photosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis under drought stress: Reactive oxygen species scavenging and nitrogen metabolism

With global warming and water scarcity, improving the drought tolerance and quality of crops is critical for food security and human health. Here, foliar application of carbon dots (CDs, 5 mg·L−1) could scavenge reactive oxygen species accumulation in soybean leaves under drought stress, thereby enhancing photosynthesis and carbohydrate transport. Moreover, CDs stimulated root secretion (e.g., amino acids, organic acids, and auxins) and recruited beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Acidobacteria and Glomeromycota), which facilitate nitrogen (N) activation in the soil. Meanwhile, the expression of GmNRT, GmAMT, and GmAQP genes were up-regulated, indicating enhanced N and water uptake. The results demonstrated that CDs could promote nitrogen metabolism and enhance amino acid biosynthesis. Particularly, the N content in soybean shoots and roots increased significantly by 13.2 % and 30.5 %, respectively. The amino acids content in soybean shoots and roots increased by 257.5 % and 57.5 %, respectively. Consequently, soybean yields increased significantly by 21.5 %, and the protein content in soybean kernels improved by 3.7 %. Therefore, foliar application of CDs can support sustainable nano-enabled agriculture to combat climate change.

Development of a new technology for the production of food-grade soybean meal

A mandatory technological operation for the production of food-grade protein products is the dehulling of soybean seeds in order to increase the mass fraction of protein in the soybean oil cake or soybean meal. When the content of the processed hull in the soybean kernels decreases, more soybean kernels are removed and more soy oil is lost together with removed hulls. The aim of this work is to develop an effective technology of separating hulls from cracked soybeans with minimal oil losses and to determine the quality indicators of oil and soybean meal obtained from the kernel fraction. A pilot industrial plant with a maximum productivity of 1000 kg/h of soybean seeds has been developed including a crusher for dehulling soybean seeds, innovative pneumatic separators of the author's design for a two-stage separation of hulls from cracked seeds, a press-extruder for the production of oil and soybean meal from the kernel fraction. Effective technological modes of gradual separation based on innovative pneumatic separators of soybean hulls from cracked soybeans have been developed, which ensure the minimum hull content in the kernel fraction and minimal oil losses, namely. The specific load on the receiving sieve of the first stage pneumatic separator is 18,5 kg /(cm/h), the air flow rate in the upper part of the vertical aspiration channel of the pneumatic separator of the first stage is 3,31 m/s, and 2,71 m/ s in the second stage separator correspondingly. It is shown that when processing soybean seeds of similar quality, the hull content in the kernel fraction obtained at a pilot industrial plant according to the developed technology is lower in comparison with the literature data presented for a modern foreign line when other efficiency indicators are similar. When soybean seeds are processed by pressing method at a pilot industrial plant for dehullling based on the newly developed technology, unrefined premium soybean oil and soybean meal are obtained in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents.

Supplementing safflower oil (Carthamus Tinctori L) and inocytol in feed and its effect

Investigating the effect of safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol on the quality of Sentul chicken eggs. Eight one 16-week female Sentul chickens were distributed to 81 units of battery cage (3 chickens each). Basal diet was composed of corn, rice bran, soybean kernel, fishmeal, palm oil, calcium car-bonate (CaCO3), topmix, lysine and methionine, as well as safflower oil (Car-thamus tincthorius L) and inositol. The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 9 treatments and 3 replicates (3 chickens/unit). The treatments were R0 = Control/basal diet + 0% Safflower and 0% Inositol; R1 = Basal diet + 0.5% Safflower oil; R2 = Basal diet + 1.0% Safflower oil; R3 = Basal diet + Inositol 0.5%; R4 = Basal diet + Inositol 1.0%; R5 = Basal diet + 0.5 % Safflower oil + 0.5% Inositol; R6 = Basal diet + 0.5 % Safflower oil + 1.0% Inositol; R7 = Basal diet + 1.0 % Safflower oil + 0.5% Inositol; R8 = Basal diet + 1.0 % Safflower oil + 1.0% Inositol. The data were subjected to analysis of vari-ance (ANOVA), continued with an Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD) using SPSS ver. 17.0 with 5% error. The result showed that supplementing saf-flower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol in feed did not significantly af-fect (P>0.05) egg weight, egg index, fat and cholesterol content of egg yolk, but significantly affected (P<0.05) egg yolk protein, and most significantly affected (P<0.01) egg production. Conclusively, supplementing 1% safflower oil in feed could increase egg production, but 1% safflower oil 1% + 0.5% 0.5% inositol could increase protein as well as decreasing fat and cholesterol of egg yolk.

Analysis of Dietary Identify Questionnaire according to perception about soybean meat of Korean consumers

Analysis of Dietary Identify Questionnaire according to perception about soybean meat of Korean consumers

The Balancing of Safflower Oil and Inositol to Intestinal Morphometric of Sentul Chicken

This study was aimed to evaluate the use of safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol on the digestive profile of male Sentul chickens. A total of 182 Sentul chickens aged 17 weeks were reared up to 23 weeks in 91 units of battery cage (6 chickens/unit). The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replicates (6 chickens/replicate). The research treatments were R0 = control/ basal feed + 0% Safflower and 0% Inositol; R1 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil; R2 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil; R3 = Basal feed + 0.5% Inositol; R4 = Basal feed + 1.0% Inositol; R5 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil and 0.5% Inositol; R6 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil and 1.0% Inositol; R7 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil and 0.5% Inositol; R8 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil and 1.0% Inositol. Basal feed was composed of corn, rice bran, soybean kernel, fishmeal, palm oil, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), topmix, lysine, and methionine, as well as safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol. The measured variable consists of digestive profile (the percentage of intestine weight, digesta, proventriculus, gizzard) and intestine length, crypt depth, the width and length of intestinal villi, Intestinal histology profile. The data were subjected to a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued with an Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD). The result showed that incorporating safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol into feed did not significantly affect (P&gt;0.05) the digestive profile of Male Sentul chickens. Conclusively, safflower oil and inositol up to 1% in the feed are safe for male Sentul chickens without interfering with the performance of digestive organs because it produces relatively similar intestinal weight and length, crypt depth, as well as the length and width of intestinal villi.

Three dimensional characterization of micronized soybean seeds using X-ray microtomography

The efficacy of critical processing techniques, such as micronization, relies on the microstructural changes that take place in foods as they go through the various unit operations. X-ray microtomography or computed microtomograhy (μCT) can serve as a means to non-invasively and non-destructively characterize the complex structure of food matrices. Herein, high resolution X-ray μCT was used to visualize and quantify the effect of micronization or infrared (IR) treatment on the microstructure of soybeans at different micronization durations (60, 90, and 120 s), and initial moisture contents (12, 16, 20, and 24% wb). The study includes a quantitative and qualitative analysis of soybean microstructure using 2D and 3D images to assess total porosity, volumetric changes, bulk and particle densities, drying rate, and colour. All of these parameters showed significant changes as micronization time and initial moisture content increased. Although higher initial moisture contents (20 and 24%) improved volumetric expansion and total porosity of soybean kernels, formation of large surface cracks and darkening due to IR heating rendered 24% moisture content unsuitable. Soybeans with an initial moisture content of 20%, subjected to 90 s and 120 s of micronization showed comparable lightness L*values (63.23 ± 3.9 and 61.1 ± 4.1, respectively) to the unprocessed soybean (67.22). These beans also showed the minimal increase in open porosity (5.72–6.06%) but an appreciable increase in total porosity (9.8–11%) was noticed. The results of this study on microstructure and qualitative parameters of micronized soybeans could be used to further optimize the microwave assisted roasting and drying processes of beans and pulses.

Effects of Splits Content on Dry Matter Loss Rates of Soybeans Measured Using a Static Grain Respiration Measurement System

HighlightsRespiration rate increased with the percentage of split soy beans.The splits multiplier for soybeans appears to be more sensitive than the corn damage multiplier.The relationship between the split percentage and splits multiplier for soybeans is approximately linear.A value for the splits multiplier is provided for 18% moisture content soybeans stored at 35°C.Abstract. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of 0% to 16% (w/w) splits content (xs) of soybeans stored at 35°C and 18% moisture content (w.b.) on dry matter loss rates (vDML) and to determine a splits multiplier (MS) for soybeans stored at these conditions, similar to the damage multiplier (MD) used in ASABE Standard D535 for shelled corn. Effects of percentage by weight splits (xs) on MS and safe storage time are expected to be greater than MD for corn because soybeans are prone to cracking and splitting, lipid oxidation, and protein degradation, all of which lead to grain dry matter and quality losses. Results indicated that vDML increased with increasing xs, and the mean vDML was 1.5 times greater for samples with 16% splits than for samples with 4% splits. The MS for soybeans was linearly correlated with xs, decreasing from 1.0 to 0.60 for 0% to 16% splits, respectively. Soybeans appeared to be more sensitive to percent by weight splits than corn was to the presence of damaged kernels. In Standard D535, the MD for corn only decreased from 1.0 to 0.8 when percent (w/w) damaged kernel content increased from 30% to 40%. In comparison, it should be noted that damage to soybeans was defined differently from damage to corn. This research is useful in defining MS for 18% moisture content soybeans stored at 35°C under hermetic conditions. The procedures outlined in this article may be used in the future to more formally define a soybean MS that covers a wider range of moisture contents, storage conditions, and possibly an MD based on other factors included in the USDA definitions of damaged soybean kernels. Keywords: Allowable storage time, Grain quality, Splits multiplier.

Effect of pilot scale roasting on color and textural attributes of soybean kernels

Effect of pilot scale roasting on color and textural attributes of soybean kernels

Development and Testing of an Individual Kernel Detection System for Genetically Modified Soybean Events in Non-identity-preserved Soybean Samples.

A genetically modified (GM) soybean kernel detection system using combination of DNA preparation from individual soybean kernels and event-specific real-time PCR was developed to simultaneously identify GM soybean events authorized for food after safety assessments in Japan. Over 100 kernels in the non-identity-preserved soybean samples imported from the United States of America (two U.S.A. lots) and Brazil (one lot) were randomly selected and examined. In total, 98 and 96% of the two independent U.S.A. lots, and 100% of the Brazilian lot contained GM soybean kernels. Herbicide-tolerant events, MON89788 (trade name Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield™), GTS 40-3-2 (trade name Roundup Ready™ soybean) and A2704-12 (trade name Liberty Link® soybean), were detected similarly in both U.S.A. lots. In the Brazilian lot, in addition to GTS 40-3-2, a stacked GM event, MON87701 × MON89788, having insect-resistance and herbicide-tolerance, was detected. There were no unauthorized GM soybeans comingled, and the ratio of GM soybean events detected was consistent with statistical reports on the cultivated GM soybean events in both countries.

Flooding Stress and High-Pressure Treatment Enhance the GABA Content of the Vegetable Soybean (Glycine max Merr.)

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and of substantial physiological significance to mammals. The GABA content of plants is generally low; however, it increases significantly when plants encounter stress. The present study investigates the effects of flooding stress and high-pressure processing on GABA content enrichment in the vegetable soybean (Glycine max Merr.) cultivar Kaohsiung No. 9 and potential mechanisms. Results indicate that flooding stress increased the GABA content of vegetable soybean kernels, with the possible mechanism involving the upregulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase 5 (GAD5) and aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH) and downregulation of succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). High-pressure treatment increased the GABA content through increased GAD activity. A specific combination of flooding stress, high-pressure treatment, and storage treatment enhanced vegetable soybean GABA content up to 696.6 ± 65.7 mg/100 g. Flooding treatment prior to harvesting did not cause differences in consumption quality. These results show that flooding stress and high pressure treatment can increase GABA content and enhance the functional value of the vegetable soybean cultivar Kaohsiung No. 9.

Management of Technology Transfer in the Traditional Tempeh and Tofu Industries

The objective is to study the screening of Rhizopus sp inoculum, the utilization of this inoculum for a solid substrate soybean fermentation, to study the trial run of peeling machine and a fluidized bed reactor for the separation of soybean skin and soybean meat, to compare a manual cotton cloth bag filter and a manual rotary filter to separate soybean slurry, to run vertical technology transfer of a manual rotary filter into small scale tofu industry according to hygiene control and education skill training . The benefit of this research is to create a new business and to absorb manpower. The method used is a preparation of Rhizopus sp inoculum for fermentation. Trial run of the peeling machine and three phase fluidized bed reactor for the production of cleaned soybean. Cleaned soybeans are delivered to the production of a cake like fermented soybean , soy milk and tofu. Vertical transfer of technology of a manual rotary filter based on technometric approaches to soy milk and tofu industries. Education skill training was attended by 60 participants. The research results can be shown that the utilization of Rhizopus oligoporus and Rhizopus oryzae inoculum for soybean fermentation into a cake like fermented soybean can be accepted by the 60 panelists and local market. The trial run of peeling machine has a capacity of 30 kg per hour, the trial of three phase fluidized bed reactor can produce cleaned soybean after the total weight of soybean skin of about 35% from the total feed. Technology transfer of a manual rotary filter to the small scale of tofu industries can increase an efficiency of 66.37% for 25 minutes is better than a manual a cotton cloth bag filter with an efficiency of 62.62% for 36 minutes in tofu industry according to the hygiene control. This manual rotary filter can be scale-up into a larger scale. Education skill training was attended by 60 participants of a low income group people in rural areas in order to show how of the know how to do something better according to the hygiene control.

Digestibility and postprandial ammonia excretion in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing different oilseed by-products

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential for using oilseed by-products (soybean, copra and palm kernel meals) as partial replacements of fishmeal in feeds for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nutrient digestibility and postprandial ammonia excretion rates were examined. A fishmeal-based diet served as control against three test diets in which 30 % of each of the oilseed by-products was included. Diets were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish (~1 kg bulk weight) for the digestibility trials which spanned a total of 9 days. The partial inclusion of oilseed meals did not significantly affect apparent protein digestibility, although lipid, ash and dry matter digestibilities were significantly affected (p < 0.05). Fish fed the soybean meal diets significantly reduced their feed intake and showed lower growth and feed utilization efficiencies over the trial period. The inclusions of the plant proteins caused a reduction in ammonia excretion rates with the palm kernel meal diet recording the lowest mean excretion rates of 117 mg kg−1 day−1 which was twofold lower than the highest mean daily ammonia excretion rate of the fish group fed the fishmeal-based control diets. Overall, the study confirmed the potential of using copra and palm kernel meals to partially replace fishmeal in Nile tilapia diets based on their effects on short-term growth and feed utilization, nutrient digestibilities and lower ammonia excretion rates, while soybean meal in an unrefined form is not a promising replacement for fishmeal in tilapia diets.

Production of Soybean Meat using Korean Whole Soybean and it's Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity

We tested the possibility of Korean whole soybean for the production of soybean meat. The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, and carbohydrate contents of the produced soybean meats were determined to be the 47.42 (R1), 44.82 (R2), 46.72 (R3), and 46.20 (R4) g%, 1.81, 2.18, 2.24, and 2.28 g%, 28.65, 26.24, 20.77, and 21.91 g%, 9.12, 9.74, 9.51, and 10.95 g%, and 13.0, 16.0, 20.76, and 18.66 g%, respectively. The most abundant amino acids and fatty acids in the soybean meats were glutamic acid (20,702.17, 18,869.75, 11,640.85, and 15,983.47 mg%) and palmitoleic acid (719.54, 749.38, 708.65, and 818.56 mg%), respectively. The best acceptability in a sensory test was observed at the produced soybean meat with R2 condition. The texture analysis indicated that hardness and gumminess were higher in the produced soybean meat with R2 condition than the other conditions, but there were few differences in the color (i.e. L, a, and b values) by the various cooking methods. In addition, the isoflavone aglycone types (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) were higher in the produced soybean meat