Sowing Of Seeds Research Articles

Mobile crawler robot for seed sowing and route planning through neuro-diffuse control

The main objective of this project is to build a mobile terrestrial robot that allows the sowing of seeds of various types of plants that are cultivated in an artisanal way. A structure based on tracked locomotion has been designed that involves the use of several sensors, DC motors, and control systems based on two Arduino boards, which together allow the mobile robot to interact with the irregular environment through which it moves. The locomotion process carried out by the seeding robot is configured through an HMI interface implemented on a touch screen, where the user chooses the type and quantity of seeds to be sown so that the robot then follows an autonomous rectilinear trajectory which is supervised and corrected utilizing a neuro-diffuse control such as ANFIS. In addition, the mobile robot has a battery feeding and charging system through solar panels, which gives it complete autonomy to carry out the work entrusted to it.

Experiences of Second-Grade Primary School Children and Their Teachers in a Mind-Body Activity Program: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.

This study explored the experiences of second-grade children and their teachers who participated in a mind-body program to understand its impact on their development. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Student data were collected through seven focus groups, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with tutors in December 2021. Data analysis was performed following COREQ guidelines. Three themes were generated: (1) competitiveness and restlessness in children: something needs to be done; (2) seeds sown and fruits harvested; and (3) it is necessary to advance from the occasional to the structural. Participants reported positive changes in areas of their development such as self-regulation, relaxation, attention capacity, and stress reduction. Improvements in interpersonal relationships and social skills were also observed. These improvements in emotional well-being and social skills highlight the importance of this type of intervention in the school environment.

The largest single-species Nanozostera japonica seagrass meadow of China: Its decline, restoration attempts, and short-term effects on macrobenthos and soil bacterial communities

Seagrass beds support vital ecological functions so that when seagrass experience severe degradation, their ecosystem service functions are diminished or lost. The largest Nanozostera japonica seagrass bed in China, situated in the Yellow River Delta, has undergone significant degradation due to Spartina alterniflora invasion and the impact of Typhoon Lekima (2019). The lack of seeds and overwintering shoots makes natural seagrass recovery challenging, prompting the urgent need for seagrass ecological restoration. In the present study, seed sowing experiments were conducted with varying burial depths, seed sources, and sowing times, as well as transplantation experiments with different transplant unit sizes and intervals in the severely degraded seagrass bed. Subsequently, changes in macrobenthos and soil bacterial diversity were tracked after seagrass recovery. According to the results, the optimal burial depth for N. japonica seeds varies across different sediment types, with 4 cm being suitable for sandy soil and 2 cm for silty soil. Seeds sown in May did not survive due to high temperatures. Seeds from Dalian exhibited superior growth after sowing, making them ideal material for seed restoration projects. Transplanting N. japonica sods with 25 × 25 cm transplant units and 50-cm intervals resulted in the most robust growth, indicating it as a suitable method for adult transplantation. Following seagrass re-establishment, macrobenthos and soil bacterial diversity increased significantly. The findings of the present study provide valuable technical guidance and theoretical support for the ecological restoration of N. japonica. Future efforts should prioritize the restoration of seagrass bed ecological functions, with longer-term effects examined.

Soil Seed Bank of the Alpine Endemic Carnation, Dianthus pavonius Tausch (Piedmont, Italy), a Useful Model for the Study of Host-Pathogen Dynamics.

Soil seedbanks are particularly important for the resiliency of species living in habitats threatened by climate change, such as alpine meadows. We investigated the germination rate and seedbank potential for the endemic species Dianthus pavonius, a carnation native to the Maritime Alps that is used as model system for disease in natural populations due to its frequent infections by a sterilizing anther-smut pathogen. We aimed to ascertain whether this species can create a persistent reserve of viable seeds in the soil which could impact coevolutionary dynamics. Over three years, we collected data from seeds sown in natural soil and analyzed their germination and viability. We found that D. pavonius seeds are not physiologically dormant and they are able to create a persistent soil seed bank that can store seeds in the soil for up to three years, but lower than the estimated plant lifespan. We conclude that while the seedbank may provide some demographic stability to the host population, its short duration is unlikely to strongly affect the host's ability to respond to selection from disease. Our findings have implications for the conservation of this alpine species and for understanding the evolutionary dynamics between the host and its pathogen.

面向小粒蔬菜种子的气吸排种器排种性能试验

Vegetable precision planting agronomy is suitable for my country's current vegetable planting system, and the air-suction vegetable precision planter is currently the most important work tool in my country. This paper designs a kind of air-absorbing vegetable precision sower for the problems of small vegetable seeds with small grains, poor mobility and high difficulty in achieving uniform sowing of small seeds. First, Fluent software is used to simulate and analyze the flow field of the air chamber in the seed metering device, and the pressure and velocity of the fluid in the air chamber are analyzed. Through the comparison of the pressure distribution cloud chart and the velocity distribution cloud chart, the influence of different apertures, holes, vacuum degree, and gas chamber depth on the flow field of the gas chamber is analyzed. The air suction seed discharger test bench was set up and orthogonal test was carried out, and the test results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 3.5 kPa vacuum degree of the air chamber, 2.4 mm diameter of the type hole, and 18 r/min rotational speed of the seed discharging disk. The high-speed photographic test was carried out under the optimal parameter combination, and the results showed that leakage of suction, adsorption of 1 seed, and adsorption of multiple seeds appeared in the process of suction, and it is important for the development of the air suction precision machine for small seeded vegetables with better performance. The results showed that the phenomenon of leakage, adsorption of 1 seed and adsorption of multiple seeds occurred in the process of seed suction, which provided a reference basis for the development of a better performance of the air-absorption precision planter for small seeds.

Impact of bio-pesticides and storage containers on lentil seed preservation and pre-sowing fungal treatment

We conducted a study to determine the most effective method of preserving lentil seeds for future sowing. The experiment involved six different types of storage containers: cotton cloth bags, tin containers, earthen pots, plastic containers, polythene bags, and gunny bags. We also used four plant extracts: Piper betel (Betel leaf), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Allium indica (Garlic), and Swietenia mahagoni (Mahagani). We measured the vigor index and germination percentage at 2, 4, and 6 months after storage, and then documented the fungal connection. In a separate experiment, we conducted a pre-sowing seed treatment using botanicals and biological agents such as garlic (5% w/v aqueous solution), datura (5% w/v aqueous solution), mehogoni leaf extract (5% w/v aqueous solution), mehogoni seed extract (5% w/v aqueous solution), and fern leaf extract (5% w/v aqueous solution). We treated the seeds with various substances to suppress seed-borne fungi, including ash coating (10 g kg-1 seed), fresh cow dung coating, a solution of cow urine (5% v/v water), Provax-200 (2 g kg-1 seed), and an untreated control group. In terms of germination, vigor index, and seed infection, the lentil seeds stored in a polythene bag with neem leaf extract significantly outperformed the other treatments. We found that the durability of lentil seeds significantly decreased as the storage time increased. The seed treatment fungicide Provax-200 had a significant impact on lowering the presence of fungus (by 87.41%) and boosting the germination percentage (by 39.49%) of lentil seeds.

Blackberry synthetic seeds storage: effects of temperature, time, and sowing substrate

In vitro propagation, is becoming the predominant method for blackberry propagation due to its advantages compared to agamic traditional propagation methods. Synthetic seed technology represents a promising approach to further enhance the productivity of in vitro propagation facilitating the exchange of plant materials among laboratories and contributing to germplasm conservation efforts. This study aimed to establish an optimal protocol for the storage and sowing of synthetic blackberry seeds obtained through the encapsulation of clump bases. The synthetic seeds were sown without storage (Control) and after storage periods of 30, 60, and 120 days at 4 °C and 25 °C in the dark, in three different substrates (agarised, perlite, and potting). After forty-five days from sowing viability, regeneration rate, shoot and root numbers and lengths, as well as fresh and dry weights of the plantlets, were assessed. Results indicated that agarised substrate consistently exhibited favourable outcomes, with sustained regeneration rates and robust plantlet development even after prolonged storage at 4 °C. Synthetic seeds sown in perlite and potting substrates demonstrated enhanced regeneration rates following storage at 4 °C for 60 and 120 days. On the contrary, storage at 25 °C resulted in a notable decline in regeneration rate, highlighting its inadequacy for blackberry synthetic seed conservation purposes. These findings underscore the importance of sowing substrate selection and storage temperature in optimizing the storage and sowing protocols for synthetic blackberry seeds.

Effect of Sowing Methods and Row Spacing on Growth, Yield and Economics of Multicut Sorghum and Pearl Millet Hybrids

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P.) during Kharif 2022 to study the effect of sowing methods and row spacing on yield and economics of multicut sorghum and pearl millet hybrids. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications comprising nine treatments. The results of the study revealed that line sowing of blended seeds of sorghum + pearl millet in 30 cm apart rows resulted in better plant height (cm), shoot number (m-2), dry matter accumulation (g m-2) with the highest total green fodder (24.09 t ha-1) and dry fodder yields (4.37 t ha-1). Line sowing of blended seeds of sorghum + pearl millet in 30 cm apart rows realized the highest net returns of Rs. 30817 ha-1 with net returns per rupee invested of 1.05. Line sowing of pearl millet alone in 30 cm apart rows was found to be comparable with line sowing of blended seeds (sorghum + pearl millet) in 30 cm apart rows, which was the next best treatment.

Poultry Litter Compost and NPK fertilizers Induced Growth and Yield Performance of Boro Rice at Rooftop Farming

The effects of inorganic fertilizers and decomposed poultry litter on the growth and yield performance of boro rice (Oryza sativa L.) were assessed by conducting a pot experiment on the rooftop of a building in Charfasson town, Bhola. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD), having eight treatments with three replications each. Different agronomic parameters were measured at 30-day intervals after sowing of seeds and yield parameters after harvesting. The highest height (82.67 cm) at 90d, number of leaf (37.67) at 120d, longest leaf ( 39.67 cm) at 90d, and length of panicle (27.17 cm), number of grains/panicle (153.33), weight of grain/panicle (3.74 g), fresh weight of grains (62.35 g/pot), dry weight of grain (51.53 g/pot), dry weight of root (13.43 g/pot), rice yield (51.53 g/pot) or (5.67 t ha-1), highest B:C ratio (4.51), respectively, were found in the treatment T7: (3.0 t PL ha-1 + N100P25K90 kg ha-1). The results of treatments T7 and T8 are statistically identical. The overall best growth performance and yield of boro rice were achieved in T7: (3.0 t PL ha-1 + N100P25K90 kg ha-1) treatment on a rooftop farming system on the south coast of Bangladesh. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2024, 10(1): 99-108

Lavender Harbors More Viruses than Previously Thought: First Report of Raspberry Ringspot Virus and Phlox Virus M in Lavandula × intermedia.

Plants of the genus Lavandula are thought to be rarely infected by viruses. To date, only alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus have been reported in this host. In this study, we identified for the first time raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV) and phlox virus M (PhlVM) in lavender using herbaceous indexing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and high-throughput sequencing. Nearly complete genome sequences for both viruses were determined. Phylogenetic and serological characterizations suggest that the obtained RpRSV isolate is a raspberry strain. A preliminary survey of 166 samples indicated RpRSV was spread only in the lavender cultivar 'Grosso', while PhlVM was detected in multiple lavender cultivars. Although RpRSV raspberry strain may have spread throughout Auckland and nearby areas in New Zealand, it is very likely restricted to the genus Lavandula or even to the cultivar 'Grosso' due to the absence or limited occurrence of the nematode vector. Interestingly, all infected lavender plants, regardless of their infection status (by RpRSV, PhlVM, or both) were asymptomatic. RpRSV is an important virus that infects horticultural crops including grapevine, cherry, berry fruits, and rose. It remains on the list of regulated pests in New Zealand. RpRSV testing is mandatory for imported Fragaria, Prunus, Ribes, Rosa, Rubus, and Vitis nursery stock and seeds for sowing, while this is not required for Lavandula importation. Our study revealed that lavender could play a role not only as a reservoir but also as an uncontrolled import pathway of viruses that pose a threat to New Zealand's primary industries.

Dietary DNA metabarcoding reveals a trophic niche partitioning among sympatric Iberian sandgrouses and bustards

The study of trophic niche partitioning is of great importance for understanding community structure and species coexistence, particularly if these are threatened. Here DNA metabarcoding was used to assess the diet of four threatened steppe bird species (two bustards and two sandgrouses), with the aim of better understanding their dietary requirements, trophic interactions, and potential threats. The results showed seasonal and interspecific differences in their plant diet, with greater importance of cultivated plants during autumn and winter (around 50 % of their diet) than spring. Plants of the genus Convolvulus and of the family Brassicaceae were frequently consumed by all species. In spring, poppies (Papaver spp.) were a considerable part of their diet, and could be used as a source of carotenoids or for their anti-parasitic properties. Furthermore, results evidenced a trophic niche partitioning among species, with a marked segregation between bustard species and, to a lesser extent, between sandgrouse species. Diet similarity was generally higher between species from different orders that occur in mixed-species flocks (bustard - sandgrouse) than between species of the same order. This partitioning was probably related to a stratification in habitat use rather than to specialisation and might prevent competition to some extent. However, the homogenization of trophic resources resulting from agricultural intensification could pose an important threat, particularly during autumn, when weeds are scarcer and the most abundant trophic resource are sown seeds, which are often treated with pesticides.

Results of a comparative study of coulter groups of a seeder for strip sowing of grass seeds in the sod

For the effective use of sod seeders SDK in conditions of degraded forage lands, it is necessary to modernize the design of their coulter group to work in conditions of high soil moisture and increased content of plant residues in it. A method of strip sowing is proposed, which is based on the removal of the sowing working elements from under the casing of a milling furrow opener, and a design and technological scheme of the coulter group with a shoe opener mounted on a suspension mechanism in the form of torsion springs. The coulter group includes a mounting bracket on a seeder, a suspension mechanism, shoe openers, rollers, mechanisms for adjusting the position of coulters in the vertical and horizontal planes and the forces of deepening coulters and the pressure of rollers on the soil. Compared to the coulter group of SDK seeders, its weight (19.6 kg) is reduced by 3.8 kg while the total length of the seeder increases by 0.12 m. To assess the efficiency of the modernized coulter group of the sod seeder, experimental studies were carried out in the field, during which the quality indicators of seed placement were determined when using a serial coulter group of SDK seeders and a prototype coulter group. Comparative studies of coulter groups of a sod seeder showed that when sowing Eastern galega, the depth of seed placement complies with agrotechnical requirements and is: for the coulter group of SDK seeder – 19.4...22.4 mm, for the prototype - 18.6...19.5 mm, and for the prototype the value of the standard deviation is almost two times lower. The uniformity of the distribution of seeds over the width of the strip for the coulter group of the SDK seeder is 20.2...26.1 mm, for the prototype – 8.4...10.1 mm.

Sow Seeds for Gifts of Farmland

Sow Seeds for Gifts of Farmland

Effect of sowing density on performance and biometric features of pedunculate oak

Sowing density is one of the most important factors influencing seedling quality. In forest nurseries, to ensure full seeding, it is recommended to obtain approximately 200 seedlings from 1 m2 (ZHL 2012). The aim of the study was to assess the effect of sowing density on sowing efficiency and the morphological features of pedunculate oak seedlings. Acorns were sown directly by broadcast seeding on 20 test plots, each 4 m in length, in four replications. The following variants were used:- 250acorns capable of germination totaling 341 acorns per 1 linear meter (0.9 m2);- 300 acorns capable of germination totaling 410 acorns per 1 linear meter (0.9 m2);- 350 acorns capable of germination totaling 478 acorns per 1 linear meter (0.9 m2);- 400 acorns capable of germination totaling 546 acorns per 1 linear meter (0.9 m2);- 450 acorns capable of germination totaling 614 acorns per 1 linear meter (0.9 m2). At the end of the growing season, seedlings were counted per 1 m (0.9 m2) in the central part of each plot. Sowing efficiency was determined as a percentage of seedling yield from the sown seeds. For laboratory analysis, 30 seedlings from each plot (600 in total) were collected. Based on biometric features like shoot height, root collar diameter, and dry weights of shoots, roots, and leaves, quality indicators such as the sturdiness quotient (SQ) and the Dickson quality index (DQI) were calculated. Sowing efficiency at the end of the vegetation season ranged between 39.68% and 50.12% and was not statistically significant. The research revealed that sowing density influenced seedling biometric characteristics. Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed significant negative correlations between the number of seedlings obtained in an experimental plot and the dry weight of the root, number and dry mass of leaves, as well as the DQI. The seedlings from all sowing variants complied with the binding Polish standard, outlined in the Regulation of the Minister for the Environment of 18 February 2004 (Ministerstwo Środowiska 2004) by over 96%. Keywords: seeding density, sowing rate, seedling quality, sowing performance, sturdiness quotient (SQ), Dickson quality index (DQI), Quercus robur L.

Comparative study between the sown seeds and the harvested seeds from climbing bean

Comparative study between the sown seeds and the harvested seeds from climbing bean

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА ПОСЕВА ДРАЖИРОВАННЫХ СЕМЯН САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ ВЫСЕВАЮЩЕЙ СИСТЕМОЙ ПНЕВМАТИЧЕСКОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

A promising direction in the development of seeding machine designs is the creation of pneumatic seeding systems based on jet pneumoautomatics. The introduction of seeding systems with automatic process control will allow us to obtain fundamentally new ways of programmed sowing of seeds, fertilizers, herbicides. The purpose of the study is to determine the dependence of the aerodynamic lift on the aerodynamic properties and size of the seeds, the vacuum in the suction cup, its size and the distance between the seed and the suction cup. A model is presented reflecting a program of sequentially performed operations aimed at dosing seeds with a single dosing element, including a suction cup and a cell. The continuous flow of the dosing process is ensured by superimposing the algorithms of the process of individual dosing elements with a time shift, which negatively affects the quality of dosing due to the tight connection of individual operations between the components. The analysis of the time diagram of the algorithms' functioning showed that even with a constant speed of the drill, the uniformity of seed dosing by pneumomechanical and mechanical seeding systems depends on changes in the sliding of the support and drive wheel due to different physical and mechanical properties of the soil and various loads arising when overcoming friction forces in the apparatus. The object of analytical research is the technological process of the pneumatic seeding system, its temporary modes of operation, their relationship with operational, structural and technological parameters, which mainly determine the quality of seed distribution at the bottom of the furrow. The aerodynamic lifting force in the seeding system was considered. Calculations have shown the presence of a directly proportional dependence of the aerodynamic lifting force on the aerodynamic properties and size of the seeds, the vacuum in the suction cup, and the size and distance between the seed and the suction cup.

Unveiling the potential of Trichoderma harzianum against Heterodera cajani in pigeon pea: impact on cysts, egg and juveniles abundance

BackgroundPigeon pea is affected by the cyst nematode Heterodera cajani limiting the production. H. cajani can be managed by biological agents such as Trichoderma harzianum. Thus, the determination of this experiment was to estimate native strains of T. harzianum isolated from pigeon pea fields in India on population of cyst, eggs and juveniles of H. cajani. Pots experiment was conducted at the playhouse of Sam Higginbottom University of Science and Technology, Prayagraj (UP), India, during the year of 2018–2020. Earthen pots were filled with sterilized soil @ 10 kg/pot for each replicate of the treatments. Ten days before sowing of the pigeon pea seed, about 5000 spores of T. harzianum were amended in to the soil for proper colonization. Fifteen days after seed germination, 200 cysts/pot were inoculated near the root zone of pigeon pea plant. The pots were irrigated when required. Observations were recorded of cyst population, eggs and second juveniles of H. cajani/500gm of pigeon pea rhizospheric soil at 90 days after sowing.ResultsAmong all the isolates of T. harzianum, the treatment (T 7) reduced of cyst population (12), eggs population (234) and juveniles’ population (153) as compared with all other treatments including control at 90 days after sowing of pigeon pea seeds in the year 2018–2019. Similarly, in 2019–2020 reduction in cyst population (11), eggs population (189) and juveniles population (160) was observed at 90 days after sowing in Trichoderma isolates (T 7) as compared to control.ConclusionsThe findings of this study are very relevant since seven isolates of native T. harzianum were promising to suppress the number of cysts in 79.31 and 83.07%, eggs in 22.00 and 38.83% and juveniles’ population in 17.74 and 20.39% of the nematode H. cajani, besides promoting the pigeon pea plant growth.

Women’s Involvement Pattern in Grain Management Activities in Deoghar District of Jharkhand

Post-harvest losses in India posed a significant challenge, resulting in food wastage, reduced income for farmers, and increased pressure on resources. In the context of agriculture and food security, women played a crucial role in post-harvest operations, performing tasks such as cleaning, sorting, drying, storage, processing, and marketing of agricultural products. The study was conducted in the year 2023 with a sample of 120 randomly selected farmwomen in the Deoghar district of Jharkhand. The study aimed to recognize the involvement pattern of farm women in various post-harvest activities in rural areas. The findings indicated major participation of farm women was in activities like the sowing of seeds (67.5%), decision-making regarding pre-storage treatment (66.7%), drying of threshed grains (60.8%), mid-storage/intermediate treatment of grains (60.8%) and drying before threshing (49.2%) etc. The study also highlighted various drying and storing related practices carried out by farm women like sun drying of grains, threshing of major cereal crops by beating etc. which were mostly manual job required heavy physical energy.

Justification of technological indicators of machines for the production of bulb onion in an annual crop

Onion is one of the main vegetable crops. Its consumption in Russia reaches 2.0 million tons. The gross harvest amounted to 1601.5 thousand tons in 2022 with a yield of 31.3 t/ha. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the technological performance of machines for the mechanized cultivation of onions in an annual crop, providing a yield of 70 - 80 t/ha, on alluvial meadow soils of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. The research method is field experience. Issues considered: application of fertilizers, spring tillage, weed control in the previous field and during the growing season, pre-sowing treatment and sowing of seeds in the field, pest and disease control through foliar spraying, drip irrigation, harvesting work

Optimization of the parameters of the pneumatic feed mechanism for precise clustered sowing

The article is devoted to the description of one of the ways to improve the mechanization of sowing, namely, precise sowing in a clustered way. It is analyzed that precise sowing provides a given placement of plants over the area and makes it possible increase productivity, to reduce labor costs for thinning plants, seed consumption and operating costs of the aggregates. Data are presented on the mechanization of sowing row crops in Uzbekistan, on the main advantages and disadvantages of the applied mechanical and pneumatic planters. It is noted that industrial pneumatic feed mechanisms do not meet the increased quality requirements for clustered sowing of cotton seeds in Uzbekistan and are one of the factors limiting the widespread introduction of intensive technology. An analysis is given of the need to develop a pneumatic feed mechanism for precise sowing of row crops in a clustered way for the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan and the justification of its parameters. The data on the study of the technological process of sowing and the refinement of the parameters obtained in analytical calculations are presented. According to the results of experimental studies and tests, the correctness of the theoretical premises and the performance of the experimental feed mechanism were checked. The optimization of the main parameters and operating mode of the feed mechanism for precise sowing in a clustered way has been carried out. The data obtained in the experiments were processed using the PLANEXР program developed for the Personal Computer and regression equations were obtained that adequately describe the evaluation criteria. Therefore, to ensure maximum accuracy of sowing cotton seeds and perform the required quality of work at aggregate operating speeds of 1.66-2.24 m / s, the number of revolutions of the sowing disc should be 23.87-27.62 rpm, and the installation height of the feed mechanism should be within 9.02-9.24 cm. With these values of the factors, criterion Y1, i.e. the number of seeds in the cluster is 3.03-3.28 pieces, criterion Y2, i.e. the distance between the clusters is 14.00-15.57 cm, and criterion Y3, i.e., the length of the clusters is in the range of 0.95-1.12 cm, which meets the agro technical requirements.