ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА ПОСЕВА ДРАЖИРОВАННЫХ СЕМЯН САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ ВЫСЕВАЮЩЕЙ СИСТЕМОЙ ПНЕВМАТИЧЕСКОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

Abstract

A promising direction in the development of seeding machine designs is the creation of pneumatic seeding systems based on jet pneumoautomatics. The introduction of seeding systems with automatic process control will allow us to obtain fundamentally new ways of programmed sowing of seeds, fertilizers, herbicides. The purpose of the study is to determine the dependence of the aerodynamic lift on the aerodynamic properties and size of the seeds, the vacuum in the suction cup, its size and the distance between the seed and the suction cup. A model is presented reflecting a program of sequentially performed operations aimed at dosing seeds with a single dosing element, including a suction cup and a cell. The continuous flow of the dosing process is ensured by superimposing the algorithms of the process of individual dosing elements with a time shift, which negatively affects the quality of dosing due to the tight connection of individual operations between the components. The analysis of the time diagram of the algorithms' functioning showed that even with a constant speed of the drill, the uniformity of seed dosing by pneumomechanical and mechanical seeding systems depends on changes in the sliding of the support and drive wheel due to different physical and mechanical properties of the soil and various loads arising when overcoming friction forces in the apparatus. The object of analytical research is the technological process of the pneumatic seeding system, its temporary modes of operation, their relationship with operational, structural and technological parameters, which mainly determine the quality of seed distribution at the bottom of the furrow. The aerodynamic lifting force in the seeding system was considered. Calculations have shown the presence of a directly proportional dependence of the aerodynamic lifting force on the aerodynamic properties and size of the seeds, the vacuum in the suction cup, and the size and distance between the seed and the suction cup.