October Sowing Research Articles

Determination of optimum sowing time for black beans in southern Brazil

A sowing-time experiment was conducted for 4 years in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Phenological observations, seed yields, seed weights, and stand determinations were made in the experiments. In the early sowings in August and September, soil temperatures were below the requirements for good stands, and heavy rains during the emergence period also reduced stands due to soil crusting. October sowing had the best conditions of soil moisture and soil temperature and resulted in high stands. In later sowings in November to January, soil moisture was too low for good stands. Soil-moisture conditions were found to be an important factor in determining seed yields and seed weights. August sowings produced the highest yields, even though it did not produce the highest stands. August sowing allowed the plant to make best use of the natural climatic conditions of the region and avoid the more detrimental conditions. Soil-moisture conditions in both the vegetative and reproductive periods of the crop were important in determining bean yields. August was recommended as the optimum sowing time for black beans in the region. Where the economic conditions permit, practices which raise the soil temperature during the August sowing times, as well as irrigation, should be considered as a means of increasing bean yields.

Impact of photoperiod on seasonal sowing in rice

One late-winter variety ofindica rice was sown on the 1st of every month during the period from August 1964 to July 1965. In each month, a set of plants were subjected at the age of 28 days to 8 hr photoperiod for 21 days, and grown thereafter in natural daylength along with untreated controls till flowering and subsequent harvest. Production of tillers, leaves and plant height were significantly reduced by the short-day treatment. The vegetative growth period of the variety was greatly altered by the date of sowing. Control plants remained vegetative till they received in nature a critical nightlength of not less than 11 hr 26 min and an optimum temperature for the pigment (phytochrome) conversion. Thus plants sown during the months February to July came to ear emergence in the following October, plants of August and September sowing came to ear emergence in November, plants sown in October came to ear emergence in December, plants sown in November and December came to ear emergence in March and plants sown in January came to ear emergence in April. The 8 hr photoperiod induced a markedly earlier flowering in the treated plants in all the months of sowing. Grain yield was higher in the control plants than that of the treated plants in all the monthly sowings, while late sowings remarkably reduced the grain yield in the control plants.

Effect Of Sowing Time And Plant Spacing On The Yield And Yield Attributes Of Sweet Pepper (<i>Capsicum Annuum</i>)

An experiment was carried out at the Olericulture field of Horticulture Research Centre of BARJ, Joydebpur, Gazipur during September 2006 to April 2007 to investigate yield and yield attributes of sweet pepper as influenced by plant spacing and sowing time. There were altogether 21 treatments comprising seven sowing dates viz. 1 September, 15 September, 1 October, 15 October, 30 October, 15 November, 30 November and three spacings viz. 50 × 50 cm, 50x40 cm, and 50 × 30 cm. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (factorial) with three replications. The results of the experiment showed that majority of the yield and yield components significantly varied with variation of spacing and sowing time. Only number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant resulted significantly higher which reflected higher yield for 1 October sowing. The number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, individual fruit weight, yield per plant were found significantly increased with the increasing plant spacings but other parameters were found to be significantly increased with the decreasing plant spacing. The combined effect of sowing date and plant spacing also had significant effect on different growth and yield parameters and yield. The highest yield (19.36 t/ha) of fruit was recorded from the earlier sowing (1 October) with the closest spacing (50 × 30 cm). But reasonable yield could be obtained up to 30 October with same spacing. Keywords: Sowing time and plant spacing; yield and yield attributes; sweet pepper. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i2.9254 BJAR 2011; 36(2): 271-278

Seasonal changes in growth and nodulation of perennial tropical pasture legumes in the field. I. The influence of planting date and grazing and cutting on Desmodium uncinatum and Phaseolus atropurpureus

Plantings of D. uncinatum and P. atropuvpureus were made in October and December 1965 and February and April 1966, and subsequently the plots were either rotationally grazed by sheep, cut with a mower at 3 inches, or left undefoliated. Monthly samples were taken to determine individual plant dry weight, nodule weight per plant, nodule number, and mean weight per nodule. Three samples for plot dry matter yield were also taken. Individual plant dry weight was higher in the October and December sowings, although by the end of the second growing season dry matter yield per plot was higher in the December and February sowings. Dry matter yield of legume was depressed by April planting. D. uncinatum began regrowth in spring 2 months earlier than P, atropurpureus, when minimum temperatures exceeded 48-50�F compared with 57' for P. atropurpureus. Both species had marked seasonal peaks in nodule and plant dry weight. The rapid decline in nodule weight could not be directly related to the onset of flowering or frosts. Grazing caused a greater reduction than cutting in terms of plant and nodule weight and legume yield. In P. atropurpureus nodule weight per plant was reduced through a decline in mean weight per nodule, while in D. uncinatum grazing and cutting reduced nodule number per plant.

Field methods of assessing winter hardiness in peas

Difficulties encountered in the field selection of winter-hardy pea breeding lines from October sowings at Wellesbourne are reported. Two methods are proposed to enable effective field selection to be accomplished. 1. Assessment of damage on surviving plants in the spring, using this as a measure of winter hardiness. 2. Early sowing of the breeding lines, leading to much greater winter kill, thus enabling effective selection to be practised on the basis of differences in survival.

Studies on the so-called "Home" and "Foreign" crops of seeds of Tokinashi radish, a Japanese spring variety. : III. On the physiological mechanism of the fasciation, and its selective action upon the. degeneration of the variety.

l, The fasciation on the bolting stalks is often fo.und late in spring in the seeds growing fields of radish such as the warm region of Kyushu, Ja pan . 2. All of slow bolting strain produced in Kyoto prefecture showed the fasciation, while the early bolting strain, the so-called Baka Tokinashi radish, produced in Oita prefecture did not show it at all, and sorne of the intermediate type in the bolting behaviors produced in Gifu prefec, ture slightly presented the fasciatio, n . 3 . Fasciation was seen abundantly among the radishes sown in October, but lot among the ones sown in later, and when the seeds were sown in next March which was near the limit of sowing time in spring, the fasciation was again found . 4, Although all the mother plants sown in Obtober were transplanted every month from December to March, none of them resulted in the fasciati, on. However the non-transplanted ones were fasciated . 5. Amo. ng the plants ever sown in October, the ones which slowly bolted fasciated, but the early bolted ones were normal . 6 . From the results stated above the occ. urrence of the fasciation seeins to have hereditarily a close relation with the slow bolting character, but from the physiojogical point of view it might be said that the conversion from. the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth being incomplete and whenever the balance of the two is lost, fasciation oQcurs. 7 . The fasciated plants yield less quantities of. seeds than those of the norrnal plants . In consequence, the sioiv bolting plants tend to produce less quantities of seeds than the early bolting ones, and in the next generation the ratio of the early bolting plants will be increased more than that of the siower bolting ones . Whenever the seeds of radish will be cropped in the Foreign region; especially in the warmef region, the natural selection of the slow bolting strain like thls may be duly ascribed to be one of the great causes of the degeneiation of radish .