Soviet Scientist Research Articles

The making of a Soviet scientist: my adventures in nuclear fusion and space from Stalin to Star Wars

Partial table of contents: Tickets to Mars. Going to Kazan. War. Only Physics Makes Sense. The Kurchatov Institute. My Mentors. Landau. Kapitsa: The Lone Warrior. A Hostage to Politics. Fusion. Farewell, Moscow. The Giant Leap Forward. The Academy of Sciences: The House of Lords. The Beginning of a Space Career. The Chief Designer and the Chief Theorist of Cosmonautics. The War of the Titans. War Games in the Academy. From Here to Eternity. The War of the Worlds. Big Oleg. Gorbachev. The Call of the Name. The Revenge of the Comet. In Place of an Epilogue. Glossary. Index.

National Russian Conference on the Occasion of the 60th Anniversary of the Chair of Chemistry, Physics, and Processing of Polymers of Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology (MSAFCT)

Abstract The Scientific Conference was held on December 15, 1993. In addition to the 60th anniversary of the Chair, it was also dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the founder of the Chair, Professor Boris A. Dogadkin, who was a famous Soviet scientist in the area of natural and synthetic rubber. Professor Dogadkin had founded a scientific school in the Soviet Union, and following his ideas many plants had been built to produce synthetic rubber. Participants in the conference were 120 scientists from 20 research centers of the former Soviet Union. Most of these scientists graduated from the Chair of Chemistry, Physics, and Processing of Polymers.

The Making of a Soviet Scientist

<i>The Making of a Soviet Scientist</i>

Soviet Scientist with a Conscience: An Interview with Vladimir Lupandin

Soviet Scientist with a Conscience: An Interview with Vladimir Lupandin

Five billion vodka bottles to the moon: tales of a Soviet scientist

Five billion vodka bottles to the moon: tales of a Soviet scientist

Nikolai Vasilyevich Lazarev, toxicologist and pharmacologist, comes in from the cold

Important and pioneering work on the physicochemical properties underlying the biological activity of nonelectrolytes was performed ‘behind the iron curtain’ by Soviet scientist Nikolai Vasilyevich Lazarev. In this Special Feature, Robert Lipnick and Vladimir Filov examine the contribution of Lazarev's numerous observations to the knowledge base in pharmacology and toxicology, which has only recently gained recognition in the West.

Life and hard science

Five Billion Vodka Bottles to the Moon: Tales of a Soviet Scientist.. By Iosif Shklovsky. Translated by Mary and Harold Zirin. Norton: 1991. Pp. 268. $19.95, £14.95

Astronomer at Large: Five Billion Vodka Bottles to the Moon . Tales of a Soviet Scientist. Iosif Shklovsky. Norton, New York, 1991. 268 pp., illus. $19.95. Translated from the Russian by Mary Fleming Zirin and Harold Zirin.

Astronomer at Large: <i>Five Billion Vodka Bottles to the Moon</i> . Tales of a Soviet Scientist. Iosif Shklovsky. Norton, New York, 1991. 268 pp., illus. $19.95. Translated from the Russian by Mary Fleming Zirin and Harold Zirin.

Peter Kapitsa: The Scientist Who Talked Back to Stalin

Peter (Pyotr) Leonidovich Kapitsa, the Soviet scientist, was born in 1894 and died in 1984. He received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1978 for his work in low-temperature physics and was known for related achievements in liquefying helium and superfluidity, as well as the development of intense magnetic fields and investigations into plasma and thermonuclear physics. Much of his early work was done with Ernest Rutherford at Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England, where he spent 14 years. Later he founded the Institute of Physical Problems in Moscow.But Kapitsa was outspoken on political as well as scientific issues—scientific freedom, the environment, disarmament, peace—and this led to trouble with Soviet authorities. In June 1989 the Soviet weekly Ogonyok published a number of letters Kapitsa wrote to Josef Stalin and Nikita Khrushchev, along with a short account of Kapitsa's life and struggles, under the title, “The Scientist and the Dictator:” The article was followed by a response from Kapitsa's s...

The Red Pencil: Artists, Scholars, and Censors in the USSR

Introduction: Soviet culture of the mid-1980s, Alexander Gershkovich. Part 1 The background: Soviet censorship - a view from the inside, Leonid Vladimirov a view from the outside, Maurice Friedberg censorship via translation - Soviet treatment of Western political writing, Marianna Tax Choldin. Part 2 Censorship in the scientist's laboratory: coping with the censor - a Soviet scientist remembers, Yuri Yarim-Agaev. Part 3 Censoring artistic imagination: introduction, Maurice Frieberg papers by Vassily Aksyonov, Vladimir Voinovich and Andrei Siniavskii. Part 4 The mass media: film censorship in the USSR, Valery Golovskoy censoring the journalist, Ilya Suslov censoring at the editorial desk, Boris Zaks censoring in the theatre, Alexander Gershkovich.

S. Yu. Maslov. Theory of deductive systems and its applications. English translation by Michael Gelfond and Vladimir Lifschitz of Téoriá déduktivnyh sistém i éé priménéniá. Foundations of computing. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1987, x + 151 pp.

In a fluent, clear, and lively style this translation by two of Maslov's junior colleagues brings the work of the late Soviet scientist S. Yu. Maslov a wider audience. Maslov was considered by his peers be a man of genius who was making fundamental contributions in the fields of automatic theorem proving and computational logic. He published little, and those few papers were regarded as notoriously difficult. This book, however, was written for a broad audience of readers and describes elegant examples of applications in such fields as computer science, artificial intelligence, operations research, economic modeling, and biological modeling, among others.The book also brings light the work by the American mathematician E. L. Post, which inspired Maslov's own work in the development of a general theory and which has been long neglected by mathematicial logicians and systems theorists in the United States.The book's first chapter introduces the Rules of the Game. Part I, Mathematics of Calculi, covers E. L. Post's canonical systems, deductive systems and algorithms, and probabilistic calculi and deductive information. Part II, Horizonal Modeling, takes up a toy economy, the calculi of technological possibilities, and the development of rules. Part III, Vertical Modeling, deals with the topics of to fight and search and the consequences of the asymmetry of cognitive mechanisms.Vladimir Lifschitz is affiliated with the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University, and Michael Gelfond with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Texas, El Paso. Theory of Deductive Systems and Its Applications is included in the Foundation of Computing Series, edited by Michael Garey.

Struggles of a Soviet scientist

Struggles of a Soviet scientist

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Fridman (Friedmann): a biographical essay

This essay describes the life of the outstanding Soviet scientist A. A. Fridman (1888–1925), known in the western literature as Friedmann, in connection with the centenary of his birth. The main stages in the life of Fridman are discussed in chronological order, beginning with his years at high school and university. Archive files are used in an account of the first steps of Fridman's scientific activity dealing with the problems in mathematical physics and aerodynamics. His participation in the First World War (1914–1917) is then described, followed by his professorship in Perm' University (1818–1920) and finally by the last very fruitful part of his life in Petrograd (1920–1925) where he taught at leading higher educational establishments and worked at the Main Geophysical Laboratory of which he became Director during the last year of his life. Particular attention is given to Fridman's work on relativistic cosmology (1922–1925) and dispute on the subject between Fridman and Einstein in connection with Fridman's theory of an expanding universe. The full bibliography of Fridman's work (73 items) is included.

Peculiarities of participation of the fronto-thalamo-caudate system in extrapolatory behavior.

After observing a chimpanzee constructing a step-ladder to reach a hanging fruit, on one of his "Wednesday-meetings" (on November 13th, 1935), I. P. Pavlov said that one could not call this complex behavior "a conditioned reflex," "...this is the beginning of knowledge accumulation, establishment of constant connections between objects--the basis, underlying the scientific activity, causality laws and so on" (Pavlovskije sredi, 1949, v. 3, p. 263). So, I.P. Pavlov thought that higher nervous activity had, besides the conditioned reflex, other forms of manifestation. These ideas were developed by the famous Soviet scientist Prof. L. V. Krushinsky (1911-1984) (Chief of the Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Behavior, Dept. of Physiology of Higher Nervous Activity, the Biofaculty of the Moscow State Univ.). The results of this work were first published in 1958 and opened a new trend in the behavioral research. L.V. Krushinsky was the first to distinguish an extrapolatory reflex (as he called it) from a great number of complex behavioral acts. This reflex is one of the types of association, underlying the animal ability to perceive objective reality. "The more laws, interrelating the environmental elements the animal perceives, the more developed rational activity it has" (Krushinsky, 1986, p. 11, 234). L. V. Krushinsky adopted the term "extrapolation" from mathematics. It means definition of the value of the function outside of the limits of the interval where the function is already defined. In the case with extrapolatory behavior one speaks about the animal's ability to perceive this regularity. Our interest in the role of association brain structures during this behavior is not occasional. Clinical and, mainly, neuropsychological researches of Luria and his coworkers, and the experimental analysis of conditioned-reflex behavior suggest a great role of the above structures in complex forms of higher nervous activity. Just the forebrain association structures--frontal, parietal, temporal cortical areas, as well as the caudate nucleus and the association thalamic nuclei--are undergoing a complex evolutionary development in mammals. We see the culmination of their development in man. This paper sums up our research concerning the role of the most important forebrain association structures in realization of extrapolatory reflex. Here we publish the results of our experiments on cats.

Moscow Radio raises questions over missing Soviet scientist

Moscow Radio raises questions over missing Soviet scientist

Espionage: Soviet scientist accused

Espionage: Soviet scientist accused

Soviet scientist: Nuclear winter expert vanishes without trace

Soviet scientist: Nuclear winter expert vanishes without trace

Power—industry orbital complexes of the 21st century

Abstract Soviet scientist, Leonid Leskov, discusses the state of the art and future projections of the Soviet and global industrialization of space. International cooperation for peaceful use of space are required if the huge benefits of industrialization, such as solar power stations, are to be realized.

Global problems, international solutions

Soviet scientist Peter Kapitza argues that scientists must help the world to find common solutions to the global problems of nuclear war, environmental degradation and the depletion of the Earth's resources.

Soviet Scientist Misses U.S. Parley

Soviet Scientist Misses U.S. Parley