Southern Region Of Brazil Research Articles

Collective health in the degree in physical education in public universities in the Southern region of Brazil

Resumo A saúde é indicada como uma das justificativas para a existência da educação física como componente curricular escolar. No entanto, ainda prevalece uma visão limitada de saúde, focada especialmente em questões biológicas e comportamentais. Uma resolução de 2018 estabeleceu entrada única nos cursos de educação física, instituindo que não haverá mais a entrada separada para bacharelado e licenciatura, e que os alunos devem escolher uma ou outra habilitação específica somente na segunda metade do curso. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as ementas dos novos currículos dos cursos de licenciatura em educação física das universidades públicas da região Sul do Brasil, especificamente em relação à sua aproximação com a temática da saúde coletiva. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-analítico com análise documental. Foram analisadas 708 ementas de disciplinas de 11 cursos. Três cursos não tinham disciplinas relacionadas à temática saúde coletiva. Identificaram-se 17 disciplinas obrigatórias, sendo 13 ofertadas na etapa comum e quatro na etapa específica da licenciatura. Conclui-se que existem poucas inserções da temática da saúde coletiva nos cursos de licenciatura em educação física, principalmente na etapa específica do curso.

Multimorbidity and use of health services in a population diagnosed with COVID-19 in a municipality in the Southern Region of Brazil, 2020-2021: a cross-sectional study.

To assess association between multimorbidity and use of health services in a population diagnosed with COVID-19, in southern Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study with data from a longitudinal study carried out in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2021 with all adult individuals diagnosed with COVID-19; descriptive analyses were performed and presented as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI); Poisson regression was performed and reported as prevalence ratios (PR) in order to assess association between multimorbidity (3 or more diseases) and healthcare service use. In total, 2,919 participants were included, of which 40.4% had multimorbidity (≥ 2 diseases); the adjusted results showed that individuals with multimorbidity were more likely to use most of the services assessed, PR = 3.21 (95%CI 1.40;7.37), for Emergency Rooms. Multimorbidity was associated with using different types of health services.

Multimorbidity and use of health services in a population diagnosed with COVID-19 in a municipality in the Southern Region of Brazil, 2020-2021: a cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre multimorbidade e uso de serviços de saúde em uma população diagnosticada com covid-19, no Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, utilizando-se dados de um estudo longitudinal realizado na cidade de Rio Grande, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2021, com todos os indivíduos adultos diagnosticados com covid-19; análises descritivas foram realizadas e apresentadas como proporções com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%); a regressão de Poisson foi realizada e relatada como razão de prevalências (RP), para avaliar a associação entre multimorbidade e utilização de serviços de saúde. Resultados: Dos 2.919 participantes, 40,4% apresentavam multimorbidade (≥ 2 doenças); os resultados ajustados mostraram que indivíduos com multimorbidade (3 ou mais doenças) apresentaram maior probabilidade de utilização da maioria dos serviços avaliados (RP = 3,21; IC95% 1,40;7,37) em unidades de pronto-socorro. Conclusão: A multimorbidade esteve associada à utilização de diferentes tipos de serviços de saúde.

Bud load and its influence on agronomic performance and wine aromatic composition of ‘Fiano’ grapevine in Southern Brazil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of bud load on the agronomic performance and composition of volatile compounds of the ‘Fiano’ grapevine cultivated in Southern Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a commercial vineyard in the municipality of Campo Largo, Paraná (Southern Brazil) in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Vines were Guyot-pruned and evaluated according to different bud loads: 10, 20, 30 and 40 buds per plant. Agronomic performance, technological maturity and the volatile compounds were evaluated, and the data were submitted for variance analysis. The mean values were compared using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The volatile compounds in the wines were identified using gas chromatography (GC-MS/HS-SPME). The loads of 30 and 40 buds per plant showed an increase in productivity and the maintenance of the physical characteristics and technological ripeness of the grapes. A higher bud load resulted in a larger leaf area and better values for the Ravaz Index. However, the highest bud load (40 buds per plant) reduced the sprouting and shoot length, while a bud load of 30 buds per plant presented the best agronomic performance in the subtropical region of Southern Brazil. The physical characteristics of the bunches and the technological ripeness were not affected, and the increase in bud load did not alter most of the volatile compounds of ‘Fiano’ wines. However, some volatile compounds, such as diethyl succinate and linalool, presented higher concentrations in wines with the lowest yields (10 buds per plant).

Efeito do Ethephon na desfolha da zona de cacho, podridão cinzenta de cachos e desempenho vitícola da uva ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ em região serrana do sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT: Phytoregulators have been used as grapevine defoliants in cluster zones to manage and improve grape quality and production. The present study evaluated the effect of the phytoregulator ethephon on the grapevine defoliation of the cluster region, Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) epidemiology, and the viticultural performance of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons, in the highland region of the Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Ethephon was applied in the bunch region of both sides of the grapevine vegetative canopy, at the phenological stage of beginning of ripening (BBCH-81) in five active ingredient doses (0 mg L-1 (control); 720 mg L-1; 1,440 mg L-1; 2,160 mg L-1; and 2,880 mg L-1), following a randomized block design with four replications and five plants per replication. The following parameters were evaluated: BBR epidemiology, vegetative, productive, and technological and phenolic maturation. The increasing ethephon doses significantly reduced the linear leaf drop and affected the technological and phenolic grape maturation parameters, improving the must pH, total polyphenols, color 420, 520, and 620 ղm, color intensity (°hue angle), and anthocyanin, and reducing the total solubre solids in the ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevine. However, this significant effect on the linear leaf drop and the technological and phenolic maturation parameters did not interfere with other vegetative, productive, and BBR epidemiology parameters evaluated in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the highland region of southern Brazil.

Productive Performance and Fruit Quality of Short Days Italian Genetic-based Strawberry Cultivars and Genotypes in Southern Brazil

When grown under different climatic conditions, short days Italian genetic-based strawberry (IGBS) cultivars and genotypes present variations in productive performance and fruit quality. The objective of this study was to assess different productive performance and fruit quality of IGBS cultivars and genotypes grown in highland regions of southern Brazil. The experiment were conducted in randomized block design using three cultivars and 21 genotypes during the 2019, 2020 and 2021 growth seasons. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis (PCA). IGBS cultivars and genotypes differed significantly in terms of productive and fruit quality parameters, according to PCA data. The first and second main components of PCA, respectively, were responsible for 61.9% and 72.4% of the productive performance and fruit quality parameters. The Pircinque cultivar and FRF PIR 256.04, ITA 13.097.05, ITA 12.103.22, ITA 10.107.07, and ITA 10.133.02 genotypes showed the highest indices of productive parameters of total production per plant, commercial production per plant, total fruit number per plant and commercial fruits number per plant. Among these, the Pircinque cultivar and the FRF PIR 256.04 genotypes demonstrated the best fruit quality parameters of fruit color (skin luminosity, chroma, and hue angle), flavor (soluble solids/ titratable acidity ratio), and fresh commercial fruit mass in highland regions of southern Brazil during the 2018, 2019 and 2020 growth seasons.

Illness Experiences of Brazilian People Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 and Faced Long COVID Repercussions in Their Daily Life: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study.

Long COVID is a multisystem condition that has multiple consequences for the physical, mental, and social health of COVID-19 survivors. The impact of the long COVID condition remains unclear, particularly among middle-aged and older adults, who are at greater risk than younger people of persisting symptoms associated with COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to understand the experiences of middle-aged and older people who had been hospitalized for COVID-19 and the repercussions of long-term COVID symptoms in their daily lives. A qualitative study was carried out, adopting the framework of the constructivist grounded theory (CGT) proposed by Kathy Charmaz. Fifty-six middle-aged and older adult participants from the southern region of Brazil were recruited. Data were gathered from semi-structured telephone interviews. Concomitantly a comparative analysis was performed to identify categories and codes using the MaxQDA® software (version 2022). Three subcategories were identified: (1) experiencing COVID-19 in the acute phase; (2) oscillating between 'good days' and 'bad days' in long COVID; and (3) (re)constructing identity. These concepts interact with each other and converge upon the central category of this study: recasting oneself to the uniqueness of the illness experience of long COVID. Our findings provided insights related to the disruption in the lives of long COVID-19 sufferers who still live with persistent symptoms of the disease, including physical, social, family, emotional and spiritual repercussions. Likewise, this study may aid in developing friendly and welcoming social environments, lowering stigma and prejudice towards patients with long COVID, and fostering prompt and suitable policy support and mental health care for these individuals.

Marine wildlife in Brazilian zoohandicrafts: assessing the expansion of an uncontrolled trade

The trade of wild animal parts as souvenirs, hereafter termed zoohandicrafts, has witnessed significant growth in Brazil due to increasing tourism and the associated demand for souvenirs. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of marine wildlife traded as zoohandicrafts along the Brazilian coast, identify the prevalent categories for these products, and assess the extent of this trade across the country. Sampling was conducted in 23 markets at tourist destinations, covering 11 states from the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern regions of Brazil, between 2017 and 2022. A total of 160 items or voucher specimens were examined, revealing the presence of 68 invertebrate species and two fishes. Statistical analysis indicated significant variations in the number of species across different categories of use and within the visited states and regions. Several species were found to serve multiple purposes. Whole mollusk shells constituted the most frequently traded item, with 58 identified species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed two distinct groups—one including species with diverse uses in all regions of Brazil and the other encompassing species predominantly associated with decoration and religious purposes—particularly in the Northeastern and Southeastern regions of Brazil. An increasing diversity of species and a lower frequency of use were observed in the Southeastern region, relative to the Northeastern region. Approximately 20% of the species recorded are exclusively from the Indo-Pacific Ocean and are regarded as non-native to Brazil. Only 12 of the species were listed in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and two are regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). This research sheds light on the status of the zoohandicraft trade in Brazil and highlights the lack of regulatory measures, the potential threats posed to biodiversity loss, and the economic importance of these species for people’s livelihoods. Further investigations are required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the actual social, economic, and ecological impacts of the trade in zoohandicrafts in Brazil and to devise strategies that promote both conservation and the socioeconomic wellbeing of all people involved in this commerce, from sourcing, production, distribution, and sale.

Leishmanial activity of Brazilian brown propolis and its diterpenes

Propolis is a natural product widely used in folk medicine. Among its various applications, its antiparasitic properties stand out. Due to its great biodiversity, Brazil is a major producer of several types of propolis. This study proposes to evaluate the leishmanicidal properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of propolis collected in the southern region of Brazil (Brown propolis – HEBP) and its main isolated compounds: abietic acid (1), 13-epi-cupressic acid (2), 13-epi-torulosol (3), dehydroabietic acid (4), cis-communic acid (5) and ent-agatic acid (6). In general, the diterpenes did not show activity against the promastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis at the evaluated concentrations. However, the HEBP was very active with an inhibition concentration of 50% at 8.32 µg/mL. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assays showed morphological and structural alterations in promastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis when incubated with HEBP.

Moderate grazing intensities modulate canopy structure that influences short‐term intake rate of heifers grazing a natural grassland

AbstractGrazing management frequently relies on forage availability as an indicator of performance. However, canopy structure and composition can play an important role in foraging behavior and intake in native grasslands. Here, we aim to (1) assess the effect of grazing management on herbage biomass, tussock cover, average canopy and inter‐tussock canopy height, and to (2) study the effect of these canopy structure components on short‐term intake rate (STIR) and patch selectivity of beef cattle, in a native grassland in the Campos region in southern Brazil. Ten 1000 m2 experimental units were built in five paddocks (two per paddock) managed with different herbage allowance (HA) treatments: four fixed year‐round HA (1 to 4 kg dry matter [DM]/kg live weight [LW]) and one variable HA (2 and 3 kg DM/kg LW during spring and the rest of the year, respectively). The experimental units were grazed individually with four heifers during 45 min, in two grazing cycles. Before each grazing session, we assessed the total herbage mass, average and inter‐tussock canopy height, and tussock cover. During the 45‐min grazing sessions, we evaluated the STIR (g DM/kg LW0.75/min) and grazing time in tussock and inter‐tussock strata. Increasing the HA increased the total herbage mass, canopy height and tussock cover. The STIR was maximized with herbage mass of 2200 kg DM/ha and a tussock cover of ~7%, canopy structures related with moderate grazing intensities (i.e., 2 and 3 kg DM/kg LW), which increased the selection opportunity by herbivores. Canopy structures associated with heavy (1 kg DM/kg LW) and lenient grazing intensity (4 kg DM/kg LW) determined linear decreases of 50% in STIR.

Intense P.1 (Gamma) diversification followed by rapid Delta substitution in Southern Brazil: a SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology study

The analyses of genetic traits, dispersion patterns and phylogenomics are essential for understanding the evolutionary forces driving SARS-CoV-2 viruses in these three years of COVID-19 pandemics. Brazil is one of the most affected countries in the world and not sufficient genomic studies have been performed. The emergence of P.1 lineage led to one of the most serious public health crises on record. Our study presents the genomic sequencing and characterization of 412 samples from Rio Grande do Sul state, in the Brazilian Southern region, during Gamma and Delta epidemic waves, in 2021. Additionally, molecular evolution tests were performed to identify positively selected sites in Brazil between 2020 and 2022, as well as offer some evolutionary perspective about the maintenance of multiple spike mutations in Omicron lineages. Genomic epidemiology analysis has indicated an intense P.1 (Gamma) diversification followed by rapid Delta substitution in Southern Brazil.

Revealing microplastic dynamics: the impact of precipitation and depth in urban river ecosystems.

Research on microplastics in Latin America is limited compared to a global perspective. Brazil plays a significant role in this context, as it possesses 12% of the world's freshwater reserves, constituting 53% of South America's water resources. There has been growing concern regarding the plastic pollution of the country's freshwater systems in recent years. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of plastic pollution on the Guaíba River, a significant watercourse in the southern region of Brazil that is subjected to high anthropogenic pressure. Additionally, we examined correlations between the presence of microplastics and key factors influencing their distribution in the river. Thus, freshwater was collected in seven sampling campaigns from 2019 to 2020, totaling 66 samples. The microplastics were quantified and characterized according to their color, shape, and polymeric composition. The concentration of microplastics varied between 2.9 and 53.8 items m-3, and the distribution and transport were positively influenced by the population density, precipitations, and depth of each sampling point. White-transparent color category (51%) and fragment shape (89%) were predominant among the found particles. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) represented 37% and 57% of the analyzed particles. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis indicated that similar contamination sources, such as domestic sewage, could influence three out of ten sampled points. Several microplastics presented the formation of cracks, with sizes smaller than 10μm on their surface, which might indicate an erosion process, resulting in the formation of nanoplastics. The color fading observed in microplastics suggests that the particles were subjected to environmental stressors, leading to the leaching or degradation of the dye on the plastic. The results confirmed the ubiquity of microplastics in Guaíba River, highlighting the importance of improving the regulations on plastic waste disposal in the country to prevent the contamination of freshwater bodies.

Proposal for a framework to manage the barriers that hinder the development of agriculture 4.0 in the agricultural production chain

Agriculture 4.0 technologies like the internet of things, machine learning, unmanned aerial vehicles, big data analytics, robotics, and artificial intelligence can benefit all stages and processes of the agricultural production chain. However, there are no suitable frameworks aimed at creating strategies to overcome the barriers that hinder agriculture 4.0. In developing countries, discussions about this scenario are less comprehensive and require more attention. This is the case of Brazil, one of the major players in agribusiness in the world, which has great potential to expand the reach of agriculture 4.0. The objective of this research is to propose a framework to manage the barriers to the introduction of agriculture 4.0 to the agricultural production chain in the southern region of Brazil. Twenty-five barriers were selected through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The barriers were validated through the perception of farmers, and a confirmatory factor analysis was adopted in the validation process. Next, specialists in the field developed contextual relationships between the barriers. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method was applied, as well as the Matrix Impact of Cross Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis, which allowed identifying the barriers of agriculture 4.0 that have a high driving power and those that are dependent. The proposed framework shows the hierarchy between the barriers of agriculture 4.0, highlighting their different relationships and thus highlighting which ones should be prioritized for a more successful implementation. This study provides a better understanding of the existing literature on the barriers of agriculture 4.0 and identifies the practical implications that affect its implementation. It is hoped that this study will serve as a guide to the implementation of agriculture 4.0 by helping to direct the efforts towards the removal of the most important barriers.

Managing invasive wild boars in Southern Brazil’s protected areas: Challenges and strategies

Invasive species pose significant threats to ecosystems and biodiversity, necessitating effective management strategies to mitigate their impacts. One such invasive species of concern is the wild boar in Brazil, which has the potential to cause widespread environmental changes. A national plan for monitoring and controlling invasive species, including the wild boar, was developed in response to this threat. Despite this initiative, uncertainties persist regarding the presence of wild boars in protected areas (PAs) and the effectiveness of current management actions. This study intends to diagnose the situation of wild boars in protected areas within the southern region of Brazil, specifically focusing on their distribution, management techniques employed, and reasons for the lack of management actions. An online questionnaire was sent to 297 PAs, with 134 responding. The findings revealed that wild boars were present in 36 surveyed PAs, but management efforts were only being carried out in 14 of them. Cages and corrals were identified as the most commonly used techniques, with corn serving as the preferred bait. The study identified two primary reasons for the lack of management actions: the wild boar’s low invasion intensity and management capacity limitations. To address these challenges effectively, this study advocates for a centralized organization of management actions and emphasizes the development of materials and resources to support successful management strategies. Implementing these measures is essential to safeguard the conservation of ecosystems and vulnerable species in Brazil’s protected areas and ensure the long-term resilience of these valuable ecological assets.

Cooperative organizational identity: the declaration in the perspective of organizational identity theory

There are specific organizations such as cooperative societies whose particular characteristics mean they need to be studied closely. This study focuses on determining which characteristics of cooperatives societies can be considered part of their identity based on the organizational identity theory. The unit of analysis is the Statement on Cooperative Identity, and the categories which were applied emerged from the Organizational Identity Theory. The main finding is the concept of a specific organizational identity. Theoretically, this study contributes in elaborating a new construct for cooperative theory. On the practical side, cooperative organizations may have a better understanding of the values they need to maintain in order to be considered cooperatives. Therefore, this model can be used by other specific organizations. In the second phase of the study, a survey was issued to 344 employees, and an interview was conducted with 3 managers of three distinct cooperatives in the southern region of Brazil, so as to investigate their perception of the cooperative identity. Data analysis identified that the responses gathered from managers were well aligned with the responses of the employees.

Relationship between the rainfall index for Southern Brazil and the indexes of the Tropical Pacific and the Tropical Atlantic Oceans

The proposed study verified the possible influences of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial Pacific and the tropical Atlantic on the rainfall in the southern region of Brazil. The rainfall stations used have monthly data for the period from 1977 to 2015 and are distributed throughout that region. Monthly TSM anomalies in the Niño 3.4 and Niño 1 + 2 areas, the Southern Oscillation Index and the Monthly Tropical South Atlantic Temperature Index were also used, from the database provided by the Climate Prediction Centre. The results show the association of precipitation in the South region with variations in sea surface temperature in the Tropical Pacific Ocean and, to a lesser extent, with sea surface temperatures in the Tropical South Atlantic Ocean.

Detection of Non-Technical Losses in Irrigant Consumers through Artificial Intelligence: A Pilot Study

Non-technical losses (NTLs) verified in the power distribution grids cause great financial losses to power utilities. In rural distribution grids, fraudulent consumers contribute to technical problems. The Southern region in Brazil contains more than 70% of the total rice production and power irrigation systems. These systems operate seasonally in distribution grids with high NTL conditions. This work aimed to present an artificial intelligence-based system to help power distribution companies detect potential consumers causing NTLs. This minimizes the challenge of maintaining compliance with current regulations and ensuring the quality of services and products. In the proposed methodology, historical energy consumption information, meteorological data, satellite images, and data from energy suppliers are processed by artificial intelligence, indicating the suspicious consumer units of NTL. This work presents every step developed in the proposed methodology and the tool application in a pilot area. We detected a high number of consumers responsible for NTLs, with an accuracy of 63% and an average reduction of 78% in the search area. These results corroborated the effectiveness of the tool and instigated the research team to expand the application to other rice production areas.

Exploring the Centennial-Scale Climate History of Southern Brazil with Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso Tree-Rings

This article explores the dendrochronological potential of Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart) Barroso (Imbuia) for reconstructing past climate conditions in the General Carneiro region, Southern Brazil, utilizing well-established dendroclimatic techniques. A total of 41 samples of Imbuia were subjected to dendroclimatic analysis to reconstruct precipitation and temperature patterns over the period from 1446 to 2011. Notably, we achieved the longest reconstructions of spring precipitation and temperature for the Brazilian southern region, spanning an impressive 566-year timeframe, by employing a mean chronology approach. To achieve our objectives, we conducted a Pearson’s correlation analysis between the mean chronology and the climatic time series, with a monthly temporal resolution employed for model calibration. Impressively, our findings reveal significant correlations with coefficients as high as |rx,P| = 0.32 for precipitation and |rx,T| = 0.45 for temperature during the spring season. Importantly, our climate reconstructions may elucidate a direct influence of the El Niño—South Oscillation phenomenon on precipitation and temperature patterns, which, in turn, are intricately linked to the natural growth patterns of the Imbuia trees. These results shed valuable light on the historical climate variability in the Southern Brazil region and provide insights into the climatic drivers affecting the growth dynamics of Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart) Barroso.

Phosphorus Balance in Sandy Soil Subjected to 12 Years of Successive Applications of Animal Manure and Mineral Phosphate Fertilizer in Subtropical Climate

Assessing the phosphorus (P) balance in agricultural soils is crucial for optimizing its use and reducing contamination risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different animal wastes on the distribution of P in soil profiles subjected to 12 years of successive applications of animal wastes and mineral phosphate fertilizer, within a crop rotation system under no-till system. The study was conducted from 2004 to 2016 in the southern region of Brazil. The treatments were the applications of pig slurry (PS), cattle slurry (CS), pig deep-litter (PD), mineral fertilizer (MF), and a control treatment without application. The highest accumulation of P and its movement was observed in the 0–40 cm layer, in the soil submitted to applications of all P sources. The inputs of P via MF, CS, PS, and PD promoted the accumulation of 18, 42, 48, and 100 kg P ha−1 year−1. The P mass balance showed that between 77 and 98% of the P added by animal manure and MF was accounted for in grain exports (17–34%), soil storage (41–72%), and post-harvest residues (<1%), with the remaining 2–33%, unaccounted for, which was attributed, especially, to P transfer at the soil surface.

Uncovering untapped potentials: diversifying business may yield profitable earnings, yet it remains an overlooked strategy among beekeepers

Beekeeping is a rewarding business that offers numerous opportunities beyond just honey production. While most beekeepers are solely focused on honey production, this approach can be limiting due to the fluctuation of weather and market conditions. Therefore, it is essential to diversify your business by exploring other honey bee products and services. Our research investigated the beekeeping practices of 100 beekeepers from seven regions in southern Brazil to identify the most common practices and potential opportunities for diversification. Our study focused on ten major beekeeping practices, including products or services as honey, queen rearing, swarm, propolis, pollen, beeswax, royal jelly, sanitary control activity, digital technology enthusiasm, and migratory beekeeping. We used a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of 86 questions that were analysed with generalized Procrustes analysis and clustered heatmap. Overall, we found that honey production, digital technology enthusiasm, and migratory beekeeping are the most common beekeeping practices among beekeepers, regionally. Conversely, the exploitation of beeswax, pollen, swarm, and royal jelly production were relatively rare, creating opportunities for beekeepers looking to diversify their earnings and reduce competition. Additionally, our research revealed that certain regions have adopted specific beekeeping practices better than others, which suggests that there are possibilities for improvement and growth in the beekeeping industry. Finally, our research demonstrates the potential for beekeepers to diversify their business beyond just honey production. By exploring other honey bee products and services, beekeepers can reduce the impact of market limitations caused by weather and market fluctuations, ultimately creating a more resilient and profitable business.