Southern Methodist University Research Articles

Quest for Justice: Louis A. Bedford Jr. and the Struggle for Equal Rights in Texas (review)

548Southwestern Historical QuarterlyApril QuestforJustice: Louis A. BedfordJr. and the StruggleforEqual Rights in Texas. By Darwin Payne. (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 2009. Pp. 290. Black and white plates, notes, selected bibliography, index. ISBN 9780870745222, $22.50 cloth.) Direcdy or indirectly, Louis A. BedfordJr. was connected to some of the most influential figures in the struggle for racial equality in not only Dallas and Texas, but also in the entire United States. Bedford's grandfather was Mack Matthew Rodgers, a prominent African-American political leader in Texas during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As an aspiring member of the legal profession in the 1 950s and 1 960s, Bedford was taken under the wing of the redoubtable civil rights lawyer WilliamJ. Durham, famed for, among other things, his role in the case of Sweatt v. Painter. Bedford even managed in his only meeting with Martin Luther KingJr. to tempt die Nobel Prize winner to play his first game of pool since school days. Later on, Bedford mentored so many up-and-coming lawyers and activists that their names read like a veritable who's who of distinguished African Americans in Dallas. Darwin Payne's QuestforJustice recounts Bedford's struggle during the 1940s and 1950s to forge a career for himself in the legal profession, his role as legal advisor to the new generation of more militant civil rights activists in Dallas and its environs in the ig6os and 1970s, and his contribution to the amazing expansion ofAfrican Americans' political influence in Dallas in recent decades. It is commendable that Payne has focused upon the life and times of the kind of figure so often overlooked by history: a leader who, even if not always the most influential or prominent player, still made a significant contribution to numerous important campaigns. However, Quest forJustice would be a more satisfying study if it contained a greater amount of information about the man and less about his times. All too frequendy, die book offers only hints of how Bedford perceived or felt about his many remarkable experiences. Moreover, Payne's habit of paraphrasing Bedford's words or thoughts without providing citations creates confusion over who is die originator of die insight proffered—is it Bedford or Payne? In places, it also seems as though Payne's objectivity and candor are compromised by the collaboration he received from Bedford, such as interviews widi him and access to his papers. In handling the few episodes in Bedford's life diat do not show him in an entirely complimentary light, like his unsuccessful forays into local electoral politics during the 1970s and 1980s that on occasion actually split the black vote, Payne seems more concerned with defending than explaining his protagonist's behavior. QuestforJustice provides new or more detailed information on two episodes of note to those interested in the history of the civil rights movement in Texas: the student sit-in movement in Marshall and the desegregation of downtown Dallas. The book also sheds light upon the challenges faced and obstacles surmounted by African-American lawyers in Dallas during the second halfofthe twentieth century . However, under the guise of establishing context, Payne regularly interrupts the narrative's flow with excessively long but only marginally relevant descriptions of figures (like John Mercer Langston) and episodes (such as school desegrega- 2Oi o Book Reviews54g tion in Dallas) that have received definitive treatment elsewhere. QuestforJustice is a not entirely unrewarding book, but for an essentially biographical work it falls short of striking the perfect balance between macro- and micro-level discussions. It really needed to provide less of the former and more of the latter. Truman State UniversityJasonJ. McDonald Winning Their Place: Arizona Women in Politics, 1883-1950. By Heidi J. Osselaer, forward by Janet Napolitano (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2009. Pp. 240. Illustrations, map, tables, appendix, notes, bibliography, index. ISBN 9780816527335, $45.00 cloth.) Winning Their Place is a fascinating study documenting die efforts of AngloAmerican women to achieve woman suffrage and win elective office in Arizona from 1 883 to 1 950. The book adds to a growing body ofliterature that explains the early enfranchisement ofwomen in the West, and it makes an important contribution...

Review Earl PomeroyThe American Far West in the Twentieth Century. Lamar Series in Western History. Edited by Richard W. Etulain. Foreword by Howard R. Lamar. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. xxv + 570 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $35.00.)

Journal Article The American Far West in the Twentieth Century Get access The American Far West in the Twentieth Century. Lamar Series in Western History. By Pomeroy Earl. Edited by Etulain Richard W.. Foreword by Howard R. Lamar. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. xxv + 570 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $35.00.) Sherry L. Smith Sherry L. Smith Southern Methodist University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 41, Issue 1, Spring 2010, Pages 81–82, https://doi.org/10.2307/westhistquar.41.1.0081 Published: 01 February 2010

Response: Picturing Colonial Encounters

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsAdam HerringAdam Herring has published on the art of the Maya and the Inca, including Art and Writing in the Maya Cities, AD 600–800: A Poetics of Line (Cambridge University Press, 2005). He is currently writing a study of Inca architecture and visual culture [Department of Art History, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Tex. 75275].

The Sick Dog

The Sick Dog Jennifer Key (bio) Sweet pagan heart, Diana of the hunt,we keep you tethered close to us, slow offoot, mortal, earthbound, golden girl who once,a copper bolt, plucked a duck from the blue sailcloth of sky to feel that emerald throatpulsing within your own; at whose approachtall grasses part, where in summer fields sleekcreatures lived and died according to your quicker unblinking eye, though the bright bloodon your tongue these days is oftener your ownas you erase the trace of everywhereyou've been and bled throughout the house, such dull quarry for a dog like you. Shaved and stitchedwhere sunlight once fastened to your fur,a sticky burr not even night pulled clean—your coat of flame the chattering class of birds embroiders into nests, entwining furas if the world were able to rescindeach hard-fought loss and make good use of us,as if whatever's lost could be retrieved again. It can't. Listen, if we are savedat all it will only be by bird beakand black wing, wren and starling, junk birds thatscavenge the yards at dawn while you watch on [End Page 265] in silence and suffer us our scienceas well as our mild God, in whom you can'tbelieve as you already know how thiswill end. Futile the blessing of the priest's pale hands upon your muzzle when a bonewould be better and more honest at leastfor such a wise, all-knowing augurerof wind and architect of lesser fates we do not mourn: ruffed grouse or groundhog's neckin that unholy vise of your grey jaw—so it comes to all, if not violent thenviolated. Rolled over, your stomach's a map of cancer, cutting, and metastasis.Where you rest a dark stain seeps. High priestessof brindled woods, where late you read the runesof horn and hoof, leaf-litter and twig-snap, where shadows spill, black hieroglyphics writtenby the trees that you alone were born to translate:love and grief, two sides of the same green leaf.Here, lace your step through rushes where geese roost, past oak roots knuckled deep into the banksof silver lakes returning now to usas mirrors of their own making. At dusk,the little lights that lick across the lake come on whether we're here or not. For nowwe are. Be glad. Travel until the daypulls in her sail, sails on. Beautiful girl,wherever you're going, 'm going there too. [End Page 266] Jennifer Key Jennifer Key teaches at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. Copyright © 2010 Johns Hopkins University Press

Acting, Embodiment, and Text: Hedda Gabler and Possible Uses of Cognitive Science

Acting, Embodiment, and Text:Hedda Gabler and Possible Uses of Cognitive Science Rhonda Blair (bio) In spring 2009, I led a workshop staging of Ibsen's Hedda Gabler for the Division of Theatre at Southern Methodist University in order to provide some of our MFA students with an opportunity to work on a major piece of modern realism. Our purpose was to focus on embodiment and relationship in acting, which drew on research I have been doing in cognitive neuroscience. Although I first focused on the individual actor, particularly in regard to text and action, I am now exploring applications of science to partnered work. Informed by research on embodiment, cognition, and the relationship among individuals, I wanted to investigate ways to help actors understand not that they need to "be in their body," but that they are, in fact, nothing if they are not a body. The phrase "be in your body" is useful though potentially problematic, in much the same way that the ubiquitous Meisnerian "get out of your head" is. While we more or less know what these phrases mean, the images they conjure up perpetuate false binaries that split mind from body and risk hobbling the actor by giving her a false, fragmented image of herself. The cognitive and neurosciences can define more accurately how the various aspects of the actor's self affect and even arise out of one another, and help her to more effectively manipulate those different aspects in engaging her fellow performers and creating a role. What we did physically with Hedda might not have looked terribly different from some standard approaches to acting, but the actors' understanding of what we were doing, their point of view, their imagery work, and our intense focus on relationship varied in some significant regards. Second-year MFA actors played the roles of Hedda, Tesman, Thea, and Lovborg; an undergraduate senior played Berte; and two faculty colleagues—professional actors Leslie Brott and Jack Greenman—played Aunt Julie and Judge Brack. Our "lab" environment freed us from pressures of an "opening night" or a paying audience, though I still wished we had had more time. Our initial plan was to work throughout the semester, but, because of schedule conflicts with other productions, we were limited to twenty-four hours a week for half that time, roughly six weeks. Our arena configuration in a small studio space seated roughly thirty-five people; we used only rehearsal furniture and props; clothes were pulled from actors' closets; and we had some lighting that was designed and executed as we were rehearsing. We were concerned with historical period or accuracy only insofar as it strengthened our emotional and imaginative engagement with the play's story. Because I had directed Hedda twice before in fully produced, academic theatre season offerings, I knew the play well and was able to jump quickly into substantial work on key elements in the text. I understood the pitfalls of the script, such as the dangers of melodrama and "neck-up" acting, dangers of presumption about how Ibsen "should be done," the speed of the plot and action—huge revelations, turns-on-a-dime, extremity of the feelings, which might lead one to overlook the humor and emotional amplitude of the play. We limited table work—the traditional "first phase" of the process in which director and actors read carefully through the play and discuss meaning, context, and possible interpretations prior to getting the work on its feet. While table work and preliminary discussion are necessary, too much can constrain the more experiential aspects of an actor's discovery. The wrong kind of table [End Page 11] work can inhibit by defining a too-narrow range of possible outcomes, closing down exploration too quickly. Actors can abuse table work to make premature choices about character and action before they get on their feet. (I am put in mind of Meryl Streep's response to Mike Nichols's question about her acting process: "Oh, you never know what you're going to do until you do it" [Streep, qtd. in McGrath 2009].) This is related to the challenge of getting actors to use themselves, particularly their imaginations, as...

"From High on the Hilltop": Marshall Terry's History of SMU (review)

404Southwestern Historical QuarterlyJanuary "From High on tL· Hilltop": Marshall Terry's History ofSMU. By Marshall Terry et al. (Dallas: DeGolyer Library and Three Forks Press, 2008. Pp. 148. Illustrations. ISBN 9781893451 148, $24.95 paper.) Marshall Terry has been affiliated with Southern Methodist University as a faculty member and administrator for more than fifty years. During that time, as a professor of English, he has distinguished himself as a master teacher, a lucid essayist, and a widely read author ofwell over a dozen volumes of fiction and literary criticism. In 1993, he wrote a short, informal history of SMU (revised for a second edition in 2000) ; in so doing, he commented historically on the university becoming one of Texas's preeminent institutions of higher learning. Since that time, no historian or scholar has come forward to write a history of the school tiiat might expand and carry forward Terry's earlier study to the present-day. Now, anticipating the one-hundredth anniversary of SMU's founding in 201 1 and the centennial of its first classes in 2015, Professor Terry has updated his earlier history to die present. Importantly, he invited other members of the university community to contribute additional essays to the volume. These include, among others , Darwin Payne,James Early, Russell L. Martin III, Patricia Ann LaSaIIe, and R. Gerald Turner, the latter being the university's president. Each of diem has taken a topic with which they are familiar and developed it historically in an essay as an addendum that follows the chronological narrative written by Professor Terry. These essays, along widi the historical overview by Terry, provide snapshots of the school's growth with an emphasis on recent decades during which SMU has experienced a significant expansion of its campus facilities, an enhanced emphasis on graduate education, and a national recognition diat has in part resulted from its being designated as the anticipated home of the George W. Bush Presidential Library. In particular, these essays make for interesting reading because they survey and explain much of what has occurred at SMU during a time of marked development. However, it should be noted that some of the essays seem at times a bit self-congratulatory and uncritical in tone, although they do make for very interesting reading. The topics of these essays include the development of the English Department, the DeGolyer Library, a history of prominent women affiliated with the university, student life, the athletic program, and a history of the Taos campus. The eight chapters of this book that contain Professor Terry's historical narrative constitute the heart of the volume. He traces die founding of the school in die first decade of the twentieth century and relates its creation to the turnof -the-century state of affairs at Southwestern University in Georgetown, another Methodist college that predated SMU and furnished some of its first faculty members and administrators. His assessment of the World War I years and the 1920s catalogs some ofdifficulties inherent in the founding ofan urban university while he provides colorful sketches for some of its early faculty personalities. The chapiters dealing with Umphrey Lee and Willis Tate, two important university presidents from the 1940s to the 1960s, highlight the positive impact that decisive, selfconfident presidents can have on the development of a university. In this regard, Terry also gives credit to influential faculty members, including John McGinnis, 2010Book Reviews405 Herbert Gambrell, Claude Albritton, Jerry Bywaters, and Lon Tinkle. Although he modesdy does not do so, Professor Terry might also have included himself as a significant factor that has created the modern academic program. Given the distinguished history of SMU, this reviewer supposes that an academic historian will eventually embrace the researching and writing ofa comprehensive history of die school. Until that occurs, this very readable and informal history will suffice. Austin CollegeLight Townsend Cummins Blacks in East Texas History. Edited by Bruce A. Glasrud and Archie P. McDonald. Foreword by Cary D. Wintz. (College Station: TexasA&M University Press, 2008. Pp. 2008. Notes, appendix, index. ISBN 9781603440417, $29.95 cloth.) A collection of articles published in the East Texas HistoricalJournal between 1976 and 2006, Blacks in East Texas History convincingly demonstrates that the journal...

Should non-majority unions have the right to bargain?

FOCUS □ COLLECTIVEBARGAINING Should non-majority unions have the right to bargain? ByWorldWarII, members-only bargainingas a way to buildthe unionthrough strugglewas forgotten bythe labour movement JUDY ATKINS isaretired machinist and librarian and was president of UE District 2. This article first appeared in US union journal LaborNotes www.labornotes.org It's under ONLRA'). time the to With take National any a new luck, Labor look the at National Relations our old Labor rights Act under the National Labor Relations Act ONLRA').Withany luck,the NationalLabor Relations BoardCNLRB')couldsoon issuea rulingthat wouldrequire employers tobargain with members-only unions - thatis,unionsthathave notdemonstrated their majority status through a representation election. Recent surveys haveshowna majority ofworkerswantto belongto a union.Ifjust40 percent werewilling to sticktheir necksout at a workplace and thisrulewas in place,theseworkers could not onlybelongto a unionbut bargain withtheir employer. Building workers' powerat thejob wouldtakea giantstepforward. A groupof 46 labourlawyers, led by NLRA expert Charles Morris,a law professorat Southern Methodist University, urgedtheNLRB to do so this June,organising an amicusbrief to a long-delayed case to add pressure. Thebrief growsoutofa 2005case inwhichthe Steelworkers CUSW')had organised workers ata Pittsburgh warehousebutdid nothave majority support.The uniondemandedthatthe owner, Dick'sSporting Goods,bargain withtheworkers over health and safetyissues. The company refused and thecase wenttotheNLRB. The followingyear,NLRB's Advice section urgedtheboardto turn theSteelworkers down. Its interpretation said unions mustprove they havethesupport ofa majority ofworkers, usuallythrough an NLRBelection, beforean employercan be compelledtoenter intonegotiations. Of course,as everyunionactivist knows,the NLRBelectionprocesshas becomeso perverted thatemployers can engagein all sortsofbehaviour - firing workers, making their worklifehell, threatening to close theshop - thatmakeelectionsnearly futile. Sevenunionsresponded totheadvicememothe USW,Electrical Workers ('IBEW'), Electrical Workers CUE'), Communications Workers, Auto Workers, California Nurses,and Machinists - filinga petition withtheNLRBin 2007in support ofrestoring theideaofmembers-only unionsand forcing employersto bargainwithunions for their members. The new amicusbrief was filedin support of theunions'petitions, whichwentnowhere under PresidentGeorge W. Bush's NLRB. Now that President Obama's NLRBis finally up to itsfull five-member complement, the labour lawyers think thepetitions standa better chance. Rediscoveringnon-majority unionism Historically, theNLRA didnotrequire that majoritysupportfortheunionbe provenbeforean employer hadtoengageincollective bargaining. Consider how theUAW's1937sit-down strike at theGeneralMotors plantinFlint, Michigan, was settled: 'Thecorporation hereby recognises theunion as thecollective bargaining agency forthose employees ofthecorporation whoare members oftheunion Likethemajority of agreements reachedin the early yearsoftheNLRA, theemployer recognised theunionas thebargaining agentfor itsmembers only.The majority of Flintworkerswere not UAWmembers atthatpoint. The members coulduse thefactthatthecompanynow had to bargain withthemovergrievances ,however, tobuildmajority support. Itwas the same in the electricalindustry: General Electric first recognised theUE as thebargaining representative foritsmembers onlyin 1938.The union'smajority status camelater. Thisbargaining for'members only'was considered legal because of Section7 of the NLRA, whichstates that: ' Employees shallhavetheright toself-organisation ,toform, join, orassistlabourorganisations , tobargaincollectively through representatives oftheir ownchoosing, and toengage in other concerted activities forthe purposeof collective bargaining orother mutualaid or protection..'. Nowhere does thelawdescribe unionsas having to enjoymajority support in orderto engagein collective bargaining. In fact, Morris's history of theNLRAand itsuse from beginning topresent, a book called TheBlueEagleat Work , findsno legalbarrier tothisinterpretation. Butas thelabourmovement pickedup steam, unionsbegan to use anotherprovision of the NLRA,Section9, which held thatif a union proved majority supportthroughan election, thentheunionwas recognised as thesole and exclusive bargaining representativefor all employees, whether or nottheyweremembers orsupported theunion. By thebeginning of WorldWarII, membersonly bargaining as a way to build the union through struggle had fallenby thewaysideand was forgotten bythelabourmovement. Thereare precedents Severalunionsexperimented withthe idea of building'nonmajority unions'in the 1980sand 1990sas a preludeto winning majority support. The UE first experimented withthisstrategy in the plasticsindustry and then among public INTERNATIONAL union rights Page 8Volume 17Issue 4201 0 FOCUS □ COLLECTIVE BARGAINING employeesin NorthCarolina.CWAused this approach with publicsector workers intheSouth andamongIBMemployees nationwide. 'Members-only' organising could be a democratic , bottom-up wayto organise. Workers don't haveto waitfora unionorganiser and a union with huge resourcesto show up, and then enduretherigors ofan NLRBelection thatgives alltheadvantage totheemployer. Can thisworkinthe future? With training andbackupbyunions, worker centres , and otherprogressive community organisations , workers can signup their co-workers and begina collectivestruggle fortheirrights and against thecompany's takeaways. Once workers showtheir strength, anda significant number join theunion,a demandtobargain can be made. This strategy could even be done across a region orindustry, coordinating demandsforthe sameholidays, similar healthinsurance, orrecall rightsafterlayoffs, especially if there...

Medieval Marketing

Medieval Marketing Bonnie Wheeler Years ago, I singled out Barbara Tuchman's 1978 A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous Fourteenth Century as a really bad book. This study of the Middle Ages as a distant mirror of our own times is weird and warped and entirely without sympathy for its subject. At first, I thought its wild popularity had touched a nerve with the reading public. Then I found out how its publisher flooded the preview/review market with so many free copies that the book was bound to get lots of coverage in those pre-web days. It wasn't just that the book was bad; it was that its "new marketing strategy" was corrosive. So much for the "free market." But is anything as bad as Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code (2003)? This formulaic knock-off of fascistic conspiracy theories is a trite study for a film script—and no wonder the movie was also bad. I love the chapters that are only a couple of lines long. Again, it is a book whose publishers flooded the preview/review market with thousands of free copies. Yet for many of my students, it is the book that brought them into the English major. For others, it is the only book they've ever enjoyed reading. IS it possible that even a Bad Book can do Good? Bonnie Wheeler Southern Methodist University Copyright © 2009 American Book Review

Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Machine Learning for Signal Processing

Machine Learning (ML) is a generic term referring to methods and algorithms that learn based on empirical observations. In recent years, the field has matured considerably in both methodology and real-world application domains. ML methods belong not only to the classical supervised, unsupervised, or reinforcement learning paradigms (often associated with neural networks) but also to an increasingly wide range of methodologies including kernel methods, support vector machines (SVMs), Bayesian learning, etc. Also ML has become particularly important for the solution of problems in signal processing. Machine learning for signal processing combines many ideas from adaptive signal/image processing, optimization theory, learning theory and models, and statistics in order to solve complex real-world signal processing applications. The range of applications is also growing, including pattern recognition, adaptive filtering, computer vision, content based image and video retrieval, data mining, cognitive radio, robot control, data fusion, blind signal processing, sparse component analysis, brain-computer interfaces, etc. This special issue has been put together from extended versions of papers presented in the 2007 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP-2007), held in Thessaloniki, Greece, between August 27 and 29, 2007. The guest editor committee invited the authors of the top ranking papers—based on the review scores they received at MLSP-2007—to submit their extended papers to the special issue. The committee also decided to invite the keynote and plenary speakers to submit their contributions in a full paper format. All papers went through a regular reviewing process and were duly revised, if necessary, prior to acceptance. Since the workshop covered the overall area of machine learning the papers represent a wide range of topics including feature-extraction and classification, nonlinear learning methods, speech separation, image and video processing, inference and programming methods. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the rest of the organizing committee of the workshop for their help and support: Tulay Adali, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA, Jan Larsen, Technical University of Denmark, Theophilos Papadimitriou, University of Thrace, Greece, Marc Van Hulle, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Scott Douglas, Southern Methodist University, TX, USA, and Deniz Erdogmus, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA. I. Pitas (*) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece e-mail: pitas@aiia.csd.auth.gr

From the Editor

When Arthuriana made the move from Southern Methodist University to Purdue, the journal took up residence in Room 419 of Heavilon Hall. This is significant, because for many years this was the office of Professor Thomas H. Ohlgren, scholar of Old English literature and art, medieval iconography, and the legend of Robin Hood. Professor Ohlgren's contributions to the study of the Middle Ages are many and include the founding of the Medieval Studies program at Purdue—which he oversaw for more than two decades as chair of the program. Perhaps his most enduring contribution to the field, however, is the incredible slide collection of images from medieval manuscripts that he amassed over the course of his career. Numbering well over 20,000, the images Tom collected, organized, and cross-referenced in a massive printed index are a unique and invaluable resource that have served as the basis for numerous seminars on iconography, graduate student research projects, and visual aids for faculty teaching medieval subjects.

The TexanDesert Days: My Life as a Field Archaeologist. By Fred Wendorf. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 2008.

The Texan<i>Desert Days: My Life as a Field Archaeologist</i>. By Fred Wendorf. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 2008.

A Conversation with Donald J. Wheeler

An interview with noted statistician Donald J. Wheeler highlights his educational background and career path. After receiving his graduate degrees from Southern Methodist University, Wheeler taught statistics at the University of Tennessee where, under ..

A “Fantasy Heritage”?: A Review of the Changing Literature on Hispano Identity in New Mexico

A “Fantasy Heritage”?: A Review of the Changing Literature on Hispano Identity in New Mexico Todd Mitchell Meyers Last of all, the Mexicans; in-bred and isolation-shrunken descendants of the Castilian world-finders; living almost as much against the house as in it; ignorant as slaves, and more courteous than kings; poor as Lazarus, and more hospitable than Croesus; Catholics from A to Izzard, except when they take occasion to be Penitentes—and even then fighting to bring their matted scourges and bloody crosses into the church which bars its door to them. —Charles F. Lummis, 1893 When Charles Lummis, an Anglo-American booster for New Mexico, wrote these words in 1893, he meant them as a compliment. It was a backhanded one to be sure. Still, his portrayal of “Mexicans” in New Mexico lacked the complete denigration that characterized the racist thinking of many of his Anglo-American contemporaries. Elaborating on why “Mexicans” did not deserve to be held in full disdain, Lummis added, “The Mexican is popularly listed . . . as cowardly and treacherous. He is neither. The sixth generation is too soon to turn coward the blood which made the noblest record of lonely heroism that time ever read.”1 That “noblest record” belonged to the Spanish conquistadors. It was a curious reversal of the “Black Legend” that Americans had long drawn upon to distance their own colonial practices from those of the Spanish. Here, Lummis not only celebrated the Spanish past, but to some small degree acknowledged the historical roots of New Mexico’s Spanishspeaking population, descendants of the “Castilian world-finders.” Given Anglo-Americans’ poor perception of Mexicans in the late nineteenth century, it was only fitting that someone promoting New Mexico, with its large Hispanic population, would downplay what others Todd Meyers is a PhD Candidate in history at Southern Methodist University. Journal of the Southwest 51, 3 (Autumn 2009) : 403–422 404 ✜ Journal of the Southwest viewed as negative attributes. In Lummis’s estimation, the “Mexican” population of New Mexico had devolved from the original Spanish explorers and settlers, yet not fully. Lummis was neither the first nor the last to express Hispanophilia, praising New Mexico’s Spanish past while simultaneously downplaying any negative “Mexican-ness” of its people.2 Indeed, even New Mexican Hispanics3 themselves eventually adopted a similar stance. Many began referring to themselves as Spanish Americans, tying their identity to a heritage uniquely derived from the Spanish colonial period. Historians have since tried to assess the cultural identity of New Mexico’s Hispanic population. Given the appearance of several recent books on the subject of Spanish American identity, a consideration of the changing literature seems in order. As these recent works have revealed, applying and using cultural nomenclature is a tricky business, as identity labels both unite and divide people, often arbitrarily so. A review of the literature on Hispano identity suggests that historians should be cognizant that identity labels not only serve as analytical devices, but also shape analyses. Although not a comprehensive treatment of all the available works, this essay identifies three relatively distinct elements that characterize the historical treatments of Hispanic identity in New Mexico. I have grouped the works according to whether they focus on the function, delineation, or articulation of identity. These categories are not intended to be mechanistic; nor are they mutually exclusive. Nevertheless, they do offer a sense of the differences encountered within the historical literature on Spanish American identity. The first category of historical literature arose around the mid-twentieth century, as some historians, concerned with the politics of identity, began to question notions of a “Spanish” identity of New Mexican Hispanics . This group of historians, which greatly influenced the Chicano Movement, denied a legitimate “Spanish American” identity, suggesting that such labels artificially divided a larger, culturally Mexican, racially mestizo population in the Greater American Southwest. They argued that the function of Spanish American identity was to “whiten” Hispanos. A second category emerged later as a number of historians came to defend Hispano cultural distinctiveness from its detractors. While not denying the function of Hispano identity, this school was more concerned with delineating that identity, in order to determine whether it was distinctive...

On Infrasound Waveguides and Dispersion

Research Article| July 01, 2009 On Infrasound Waveguides and Dispersion Petru T. Negraru; Petru T. Negraru Southern Methodist University P.O. Box 750395 Dallas, Texas 75206 U.S.A. pnegraru@smu.edu (P. T. N.) Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Eugene T. Herrin Eugene T. Herrin Southern Methodist University P.O. Box 750395 Dallas, Texas 75206 U.S.A. pnegraru@smu.edu (P. T. N.) Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Seismological Research Letters (2009) 80 (4): 565–571. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.4.565 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Petru T. Negraru, Eugene T. Herrin; On Infrasound Waveguides and Dispersion. Seismological Research Letters 2009;; 80 (4): 565–571. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.4.565 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search Waveguides are structures that provide for efficient propagation of waves. One of the earliest applications of a waveguide is the speaking tube, which was used on ships. Propagation in some waveguides leads to dispersion, a phenomenon in which the phase velocity depends on the frequency. Dispersion of elastic and sound waves in solids and liquids has been observed and treated in the scientific literature for a long time (Worzel and Ewing 1948; Pekeris 1948; Ewing et al. 1957). However, in the sub-audible acoustic domain, usually referred to as infrasound (frequencies below 20 Hz), dispersion was recognized... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

The Peculiar Life of Sundays (review)

Reviewed by: The Peculiar Life of Sundays Alexis McCrossen The Peculiar Life of Sundays. By Stephen Miller. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2008. Pp. x, 310. $27.95. ISBN 978-0-674-03168-5.) Stephen Miller’s The Peculiar Life of Sundays is a general-interest book that provides snapshots of the Sundays of a handful of Anglo-American figures based on their personal diaries and public utterances. The title refers to Wallace Stevens’s characterization of Sunday in a personal letter. The book opens with a description of Billie Holiday’s classic rendition of “Gloomy Sunday,” but then contrasts Sunday gloom (and even suicide) with a recent poll’s discovery that more than three-quarters of Americans find Sunday “the most enjoyable day of the week”(p. 2). The introductory chapter moves without resolution between tropes of Sunday Gladness and Sunday Gloom, a pattern that characterizes the book as a whole. Woven into the book is an overview of the civic and religious regulation of Sunday since Constantine. The book’s central chapters survey the Sundays of a dozen or so historical figures, wherein Miller demonstrates his strength as a gentle interlocutor and synthesizer. The final chapter, about contemporary Sundays, quietly laments the loss of the Sabbath. The Peculiar Life of Sundays is not a book that scholars should add to their shelves, as it makes no new contribution to our scholarly understanding of Sunday, religion, Sabbatarianism, or Anglo-American culture. What is more, it is peculiar in its preoccupation with all things “pagan.” The book is laced with the word: for example, “Emersonian paganism” (p. 247),“a pagan great awakening” (p. 197), and Stevens’s embrace of “paganism” (p. 214). The lengthy list of entries under paganism in the index, at three-and-a-half inches long, outstrips the other entries, including those for Lord’s Day, Sabbatarianism, and Puritanism. It seems that Miller is aware that “pagan” is inaccurate: he notes that it “was initially a pejorative term” that “some historians are wary of using” (p. 58). Would that he had been. Nevertheless, Miller is a sympathetic reader of diaries, letters, essays, memoirs, and poetry. His discussion about Samuel Johnson’s Sunday dilemmas, including a transcription of 1755 resolutions forming, in Johnson’s words, “a scheme of life for the day” (pp. 101–02), is fascinating. However, Miller’s interpretations founder because he employs a typology of Christian commitment that in the end does little to explain why Sunday poses so much hope and so much despair for so many people. In his view, those who despaired in Sunday had little faith and were even pagans. Had Miller looked [End Page 580] more carefully at the rhythm of work and rest that his historical subjects encountered, rather than at where they belonged on a calculus of Christian commitment, he might have been better able to explain their particular outlooks concerning Sunday. For example, doing so likely would have enhanced Miller’s interpretation of Thoreau’s sly affront to the Sunday-Sabbath, for in nearly every written word, Thoreau challenged the American devotion to a narrowly defined field of work. In all, The Peculiar Life of Sundays exemplifies one problem with nonfiction trade publications, particularly those undertaken by university presses: because the authors do not know enough about the subject that they have decided to write about, they lean too heavily on inappropriate sources (The Wall Street Journal for ideas about religion, for example), borrow too liberally from the work of others, and use anachronistic terms. None of these alone is a grievous misstep, but in the end together they point to the failure of an underprepared author and a profit-driven press to do justice to a subject and thus to the reading public as well as the scholarly community. Alexis McCrossen Southern Methodist University Copyright © 2009 The Catholic University of America Press

Book review: Encounters with the invisible: Unseen illness, controversy, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Dorothy Wall. Southern Methodist University Press, 2005

Book review: Encounters with the invisible: Unseen illness, controversy, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Dorothy Wall. Southern Methodist University Press, 2005

Jerry Bywaters, Lone Star Printmaker: A Study of His Printing Notebook with a Catalogue of His Prints and a Checklist of His Illustrations and Ephemeral Works (review)

452Southwestern Historical QuarterlyApril impediment, the varied status of die workers' setdements, added complexity to attempts at coordinating production. Walsh discusses the ejidos, die colonos, die campesinos and their relative suitability for the work. Today, where once cotton covered diousands of hectares, sorghum and corn are now the dominant crops. Walsh suggests diat promoting these basic grains is part of Mexico's federal "national food system designed to support die rural sector and provide security in an increasingly volatile and politicized world market" (P- 175)· Building the Borderlands is divided into nine chapters, widi a certain amount of overlap, each encapsulated in a brief conclusion. This is indeed useful as the story is convoluted. Along with being an extremely detailed narrative history, between the lines the book is a saga of villainy and political treachery, with presidents , state governors, and project directors promising improved quality of life and dien retracting their pledges. This distasteful element is hard to ignore. Maps, charts, and an index complement the text and footnotes. The bibliography includes extensive direct and peripheral subject matter and full historical coverage. As a geographer, I wish for more informative maps and, having limited skill in Spanish, would welcome a glossary. Austin, TexasJane Manaster Jerry Bywaters, Ij>ne Star Printmaker: A Study ofHis Printing Notebook with a Catalogue ofHis Prints and a Checklist ofHis Illustrations and Ephemeral Works. By Ellen Buie Niewyk. Foreword by Ron Tyler. (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press. 2007. Pp. 208. Illustrations, bibliography, index. ISBN 9780870745195, $35.00 cloth.) Perhaps it would not be amiss to state upfront that the book review editor had difficulty finding an impartial reviewer for this volume because the author had guidance from the likes of Francine Carraro, author of Bywaters' definitive biography , and Sam Ratcliffe, author of the equally reliable Jerry Bywaters: Interpreter of the Southwest. The audior's reliance on such authorities as these is surely an indication of her thoroughness. Unlike die earlier work of Carraro and Ratcliffe, however, Ms. Niewyk's effort is focused on Bywaters's role as a printmaker, a role that ended in 1 948 as he became increasingly burdened with administrative responsibilities as director of the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts. Moreover, Ms. Niewyk was vastly aided by her discovery of his manuscript "Print Notebook" in Bywaters' archives. Ms. Niewyk's book opens with brief reminiscent essays by two long-time Dallasites diat seem long on charm but wanting in perception. Ron Tyler's brief foreword lends a certain cachet to this heroic endeavor. Names once familiar in Dallas art circles in die ig20S and '30s have since faded but Ms. Niewyk revives diem for one last turn on stage. How many nowadays (outside museum circles) could identify the so-called "Dallas Nine"? A high school English teacher once explained to me that certain adjectives should be routinely avoided, to wit: first, last, always, never, best, worse, biggest 20ogBook Reviews453 smallest, etc. Had she thought of it at the moment, she might have added "definitive ." This work will surely be die last word for years to come on Bywaters's contribution to the printmaker's art. It may even be definitive. But it is surely safe to describe it as authoritative. Jerry Bywaters's legacy seems securely situated on a three-legged stool lovingly constructed by the joint effort of Carraro, Ratcliffe, and now Niewyk, whose meticulously researched and well-written treatise will stand die test of time. The book itself is handsomely turned out with excellent reproductions of the lithographs, plus much of Bywaters's book illustration work. It is printed in double -columns with extra leading (spacing) between the lines in order to facilitate ease of reading. As a matter of convention, lengthy quotations are usually singlespaced , and are usually indented. Here, the indentions are inconsistent. These are matters that cannot, of course, blamed on an author because once that individual lets go his or her manuscript, it become the responsibility of a production manager to get it into print with a relentless eye on the bottom line. The author sums up the significance of Bywaters's contribution to Southwest regionalism, a contribution at once influential and long-lasting. StringlownAl Lowman A TexasJourney...

Anatomy of Baseball (review)

Reviewed by: Anatomy of Baseball Scott Peterson Lee Gutkind and Andrew Blauner, eds. Anatomy of Baseball. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 2008. 232 pp. Cloth, $22.50. As contributor Stefan Fatsis puts it, this anthology is "about the gorgeous minutiae of baseball" (15), and as any fan of the game will attest, it's all about the small stuff. Back while the Red Sox were still loveable losers, I attended [End Page 143] a game at Fenway with a colleague from England and thought I might teach him some of the finer points of baseball by showing him how to keep score. Well, Johnny Damon batted three times in the first inning and was three-quarters of the way to hitting for the cycle as the Red Sox set a record by scoring 10 runs before the first out was recorded by the Marlins (who went on to win the World Series that year). All of the beautiful minutiae that went by the boards that summer night can be found in Anatomy of Baseball, which has the same effect as being in a roomful of storytellers who are swapping, matching, and extending each other's baseball tales long into the night. While fans of baseball writing will find plenty to enjoy and anticipate as they make their way through the selections, writing students will also find strong examples from each part of the creative nonfiction spectrum: traditional biography and autobiography, immersion essays, memoir, personal essays, meditative essays, and lyrical essays. The twenty essays fall into two broad categories: baseball history and personal narrative. The historical topics one would expect to find are present, along with some heavy-hitting veteran baseball writers: a paean to baseball caps by Frank Deford, Roger Angell's take on pitching and pitchers, and John Thorn's musings on the origins of the game's true creators, the spectators. Michael Shapiro's father-and-son biography of the Southworths, set during World War II, proves that The Last Good Season was not a one-hit wonder. Another standout is Warren Goldstein's meditative piece about his motivations as a forty-two-year-old player and the realization that the informal softball game on one of the Isles of Shoals (off the coast of New Hampshire) is actually recreating baseball history. According to Sue William Silverman, literary memoir is "much more than mere confessional or 'navel gazing'" (The Writer's Chronicle, March 2008, 8). In the same interview, she says that she writes "to understand the world around her" and that literary memoir "seeks a path from the self to the world-family, society, history" (8). The personal narratives in Anatomy of Baseball seek similar understanding with regard to the small points of baseball-and they avoid the navel-gazing trap by following the number-one precept of all baseball literature-which is to be about more than just the game. On the individual level, personal essays by George Plimpton and Matt Wood examine the effects of aging on their ability to play the positions of their choice, while Susan Perabo writes about her imagined career in the major leagues and honestly explores whether women will one day "make the grade." Moving on to family and society, Jeff Greenfield looks at father-and-son bonding at Yankee Stadium while Philip F. Deaver's memoir treats God and the game in a piece about a priest, a wooden Louisville Slugger, [End Page 144] and a county courthouse-which could be a symbol of American art comparable to James Joyce's cracked looking glass from Ulysses. The collection also includes immersion essays by Stefan Fatsis and Jake Young, which provide extensive information about the manufacturing of baseball gloves and spring training stadium lighting. J. D. Scrimgeour uses the second person to encourage readers to identify with his lyrical ode-or is it an elegy?-to the outfield and the outfielder. Moving beyond the shores of America, three writers treat the game from the expatriate perspective. Katherine A. Powers offers a meditation on growing up and going abroad with a baseball glove. Rick Harsch proves that umpire-baiting is just as effective in Slovenia and that baseball has its own...

Special Issue Devoted to Professor Ian Gladwell

Special Issue Devoted to Professor Ian Gladwell

The Political Culture of the New West by Jeff Roche

being deemed by some as "themost deplorable event in thehistory ofAmerican ornithology" (p. 30). Still,a pluralist element persisted,with native- and foreign-born Americans alike con tinuing to customize ecosystems with advanta geous creatureswithout regard toorigins. The promises and perils ofbiocontrols were repeat edly tried and tested, as when sparrowswere released against a host of noxious arthropods; yet the war between foreignpredators and their foreign hosts inevitably brought side effects, many of them more transformativethanbefore. With thepassing of decades, some Americans proposed that the sparrow be naturalized, so pervasive were its effects on Yankee ecosystems. For better orworse, this winged Brithad come to stay, despite eugenic conservationists' efforts at itsexpulsion. Friends of sparrows considered itonly fairthatthe featheredforeignerreceivea "square deal in theLand ofLiberty,"regardless of how much ecological havoc itwreaked (p. 57). Invasion biologists (and historian Alfred Crosby) have subsequently attributed sparrow success to itsmarvelous adaptability to the human-dominated environment of roadway, hedgerow, citypark, and tilledfield ? condi tions long true fortheEnglish countryside and recentlytruefortheAmerican one. But Coates complicates this explanation by reminding us that ragweed and redwood and grey squirrel have been America's own contentious gifts to the restof theworld, so that there must be more to invasion biology than an alien's ability to thrive in a humanized world. Western readers will find Coates's pages especially discerning, because his tale runs westward as it runs to the present, reflecting the trails of Euro-American co-invaders and the fact thatmore of thenation's biodiversity is harbored in the West. More single species are found in the Pacific states than any other American region,with correspondinglymore interestshown therebynative-species enthusi asts, and more aversion to such invading aliens as eucalyptus, aka "The Universal Australian" (pp. 123-150).Nevertheless, biodiversity enthu siasts occasionally acknowledge that alien crea tures have increased arboreal, entomological, and ornithological diversity in North America, because such aliens can augment local floras and faunas. In the end, Coates has given us a remarkably nuanced and richly researched overview of U.S. attitudes toward alien species, providing an eminently readable account about how Americans have come toview thisforeign element in theirforests,fields,waterways, and flyways. Marcus Hall University ofUtah THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF THENEW WEST editedbyJeff Roche foreword by David F?rber University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, 2008. Illustrations, photographs, notes, index. 396 pages. $40.00 cloth. $24.95 paper. This very interestingvolume brings together twelve essays originally presented at a sympo sium sponsored by the William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies at Southern Methodist University. The Clements Center, which dates to 1996, has rapidly become an important focusing agent forhistorical schol arship about a broadly conceived Southwest that stretches from the sandy shores of the Gulf ofMexico to the sometimes precipitous coast of California, and these essays enhance its reputation. Editor Jeff Roche and theassembled authors are all engaged in an effortto look behind the voting returns at the basic values and social patterns that underlie electoral politics. The common concept is "political culture," a term that tends tomake political scientists uneasy (how do youmeasure it?)but thatmay bring smiles to the facesofhistorians because we get to talkabout "soft"topics such as the meanings 304 OHQ vol. no, no. 2 ofBarryGoldwater's cowboy hat or thepoliti cal implications ofhip entrepreneurialism ? la Patagonia clothing. Several of the chapters take a new look at a familiar historical category. Douglas Hurt draws on his expertise in agricultural history todescribe the transformation of agricultural policy inwhich claims forprotection by small farmers were appropriated by agricultural industrialists. Ignacio Garcia examines Latino political culture, Bradley Shreve looks at the rise of a national political movement among American Indians, and Scott Tang explores the tangled racial politics of post-World War II San Francisco. Another group of scholarsprobe the ways in which ideas of "West" and "westernness" have affectedpolitical life. Robert Goldberg follows his earlierbiography of BarryGoldwater with a fascinatingdiscussion of theway Goldwater and Ronald Reagan defined themselves as ruggedwesterners asmuch by their choice of clothing (those cowboy hats) as their actual policy choices, a trope thatGeorge W. Bush utilized somewhat less convincingly. In a very different way, as Karen Merrill points out, the image and self-imageof the"Texaswildcatter" as...