Southern Jiangsu Province Research Articles

Political interest in rural southern Jiangsu province in China

This is a study of political interest of Chinese peasantry based on a public opinion survey conducted in rural southern Jiangsu province in China. It is very clear from our descriptive findings that Chinese peasants in southern Jiangsu showed a high level of political interest and attention to public affairs. Economic growth and prosperity have not diverted people attention away from politics. In addition, findings from this study also show that age, gender, education and perceived economic status are important determinants for level of political interest in rural southern Jiangsu province. These findings are similar to results of earlier studies in non-Chinese settings and urban China, which means that these patterns are not uniquely western and may persist across cultural, political and geographic divides.

A NEW SMALL DICHOBUNID ARTIODACTYL FROM SHANGHUANG (MIDDLE EOCENE, EASTERN CHINA): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF PROTO-SELENODONTS IN ASIA

A new genus and species of dichobunid artiodactyl, Elaschitotherium qii, is described from the middle Eocene Shanghuang fissure-fillings of southern Jiangsu Province, China. This small form shares a number of dental features with North American homacodonts and the earliest hyperdichobunines (MP 13) from Europe, but it can be distinguished from both of these groups by several dental autapomorphies. E. qii shows greatest affinities with other Asian “dichobunoids” (Lantianius, and Eolantianius), and these three genera are tentatively united within a new subfamily of Asian dichobunids, the Lantianiinae. Lantianiines may be related to D. pakistanensis, but they do not seem to be closely related to other dichobunids from the early–middle Eocene of the Indo-Pakistani region. The occurrence of E. qii in Shanghuang suggests that bunoselenodont artiodactyls radiated synchronously in Asia, Europe, and North America. Further material is required to understand more fully the phylogenetic relationships among lantianiines and other subfamilies of European and North American dichobunids. However, it appears that the selenodont grade of dental adaptation was independently acquired in several lineages of dichobunids inhabiting the three northern landmasses during the middle Eocene. For the first time in Asia, early ruminants and dichobunids have been recovered in direct association at a single site—Shanghuang fissure D (Irdinmanhan ALMA). Further investigation of the Shanghuang artiodactyl fauna promises to improve our knowledge of the evolution of dichobunids in Asia. This, in turn, will shed new light on the origin of the Ruminantia and other extinct selenodont groups.

Ownership Reform and Change of Government-enterprise Relations in Reform Era China: Case of Southern Jiangsu Province(Sunan Area)

Ownership Reform and Change of Government-enterprise Relations in Reform Era China: Case of Southern Jiangsu Province(Sunan Area)

Soil erosion and its impacts on environment in Yixing tea plantation of Jiangsu Province

Soil erosion on sloping field has led to a lot of environmental problems. In order to reveal the seriousness of the damage of soil erosion on sloping fields 137Cs tracer method was used to estimate soil erosion rate. 137Cs reference inventory of 2200Bq/m2 in Yixing, southern Jiangsu Province, was estimated and a model for estimating erosion of cultivated soil was established in order to avoid overestimating soil erosion rates. Then based on the soil erosion rates and measured soil physical and chemical properties, direct and indirect impacts of soil erosion on environment were further discussed. Direct impacts of erosion on environment included on-site and off-site impacts. The on-site impacts were that soil layer became thin, soil structure was deteriorated and soil nutrients decreased. The off-site impacts were that water bodies were polluted. The indirect impacts of soil erosion on environment were the increase of fertilizer application and energy consumption, and change of adaptability of land uses. Although erosion intensity was not serious in the study area, its environmental impacts should not be ignored because of great soil nutrient loss and coarseness of soil particles.

Soil erosion study on hillside in Southern Jiangsu Province using the cesium-137 tracer technique

Up to now, there had been little concern about soil erosion in the low mountainous and hilly area of the southern Jiangsu Province. In order to analyze the erosion impacts on the eutrophication of Taihu Lake and on the local soil degradation, the 137Cs tracer technique was used to investigate the process of soil redistribution (soil erosion and soil deposition) in the study area. In our study, various landforms and different land uses were selected and the local 137CS reference inventory of 2,200 Bq m−2 was determined. Based on the principle of the 137Cs tracer technique, mass balance models with a definite physical significance for estimating the degree of erosion of cultivated and uncultivated soils were constructed. In contrast to most of the other models, especially the quantitative model of cultivated soil, 137Cs penetration to the depth below the cultivated layer was taken into account, which might enable to avoid overestimating the erosion rate. The results showed that soil erosion occurred in the southern Jiangsu Province and that the erosion rate of cultivated soil was much higher than that of uncultivated soil. The soil erosion rate in a tea plantation even reached a value of 3,913 Mg km−2 year−1. Besides, the results indicated that human activities can accelerate but also mitigate soil erosion.

Middle Eocene primate tarsals from China: implications for haplorhine evolution.

We describe tarsal remains of primates recovered from the Middle Eocene (approximately 45 mya) Shanghuang fissures in southern Jiangsu Province, China. These tarsals document the existence of four higher-level taxa of haplorhine primates and at least two adapid species. The meager and poorly preserved adapid material exhibits some similarities to European adapines like Adapis. The haplorhine primates are divided into two major groups: a "prosimian group" consisting of Tarsiidae and an unnamed group that is anatomically similar to Omomyidae; and an "anthropoid group" consisting of Eosimiidae and an unnamed group of protoanthropoids. The anthropoid tarsals are morphologically transitional between omomyids (or primitive haplorhines) and extant telanthropoids, providing the first postcranial evidence for primates which bridge the prosimian-anthropoid gap. All of the haplorhines are extremely small (most are between 50-100 g), and the deposits contain the smallest euprimates ever documented. The uniqueness of this fauna is further highlighted by the fact that no modern primate community contains as many tiny primates as does the fauna from Shanghuang.

PROCESSES OF MEGA-URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA: THE LOWER YANGZI DELTA AND KUNSHAN

Abstract China's distinctive experience of socialist transition in a partially marketizing economy serves as a unique rubric for examining the critical processes and mechanisms of rural-urban transformation in Asia. Perhaps the most important reason for paying attention to the socialist transition in China, however, is the truly intriguing and unique patterns and processes of growth and development which have emerged during the reform period since 1978. Chief among these, was the apparent capacity to rapidly industrialize without transferring large numbers of people into big cities. One of the most striking elements of this transition has been the phenomenal growth and spatial proliferation of industries in the Chinese countryside. The opening up of markets and the increasing autonomy of enterprises with reforms has entailed an erosion of the divisions between rural and urban, reflected in the emergence of particular patterns of settlement and economic activity, which conform clearly to neither. This paper will use Kunshan, a county level municipality (xianji shi) located in southern Jiangsu Province, to explore the relationships between the changing structure of community administration, the development of rural nonagricultural enterprises, and the emergence of institutional structures which managed local economic activity.

Significance of primate petrosal from Middle Eocene fissure-fillings at Shanghuang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China

An isolated petrosal bone belonging to a diminutive primate is reported from Middle Eocene fissure-fills near Shanghuang (southern Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China), the type locality of several newly described primates ( Eosimias sinensis , a basal anthropoid; Adapoides troglodytes , a basal adapinan; Tarsius eocaenus , a congener of extant tarsiers; and Macrotarsius macrorhysis , the first Asian representative of an otherwise exclusively North American genus). Because of its fragmentary condition and unique combination of characters, the Shanghuang petrosal cannot be assigned unambiguously to any of the Shanghuang primate taxa known from dental remains. However, the possibility that the petrosal represents either an adapid or a tarsiid can be dismissed because it lacks defining basicranial apomorphines of these groups. By contrast, the element does present arterial features consistent with its being haplorhine. Deciding between the likeliest candidates for its allocation—Omomyidae and Eosimiidae—is difficult, in part because it is not known what (or even whether) basicranial characters can be used to distinguish these clades. If the Shanghuang petrosal is that of an cosimiid, as both direct and indirect evidence appears to indicate, the following implications emerge: (1) as long suspected on other grounds, anthropoids share a closer evolutionary history with Omomyidae (and Tarsiiformes) than they do with Adapidae (and Strepsirhini); (2) the specialised basicranial anatomy of extant anthropoids and their immediate cladistic relatives is derived from a primitive precursor whose otic morphology was like that of omomyids in most known respects; (3) the evolution of the defining dental and basicranial apomorphies of extant Anthropoidea has been distinctly mosaic in pattern.

Remote sensing of global change: growth in China's Jiangsu Province

SUMMARY This paper examines how remote-sensing data and regional social and economic data can be used together to identify changes in land-use patterns in particular regions. Study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of remote-sensing data can identify trends in competing uses of land, water and other natural resources for agriculture, industrial development and urban settlements. When combined with information on trends in industrial production, population, agricultural production, pollutant releases, water usage and natural forest coverage, these data reveal patterns of anthropogenic disturbance that can provide early signals of problems in resource decline or land-use management. This study focuses on land-cover changes in southern Jiangsu Province of the People's Republic of China between 1976 and 1984. This region, to the west of Shanghai and to the south of the Yangtze River, experienced unprecedented economic growth after the end of the Cultural Revolution. Remote-sensing imagery reveals the rapid growth of urban centres, commensurate declines in surface water area, and changing patterns of agriculture. The observed changes cast doubt on the ability of the region to sustain such rapid and intense land-use conflicts over a long period.

Observations of the autumn migration of the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and other moths in eastern China

AbstractThe autumn migration of the rice leaf roller moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, in eastern China was studied at two sites (one in southern Jiangsu Province and one in northern Jiangxi Province), using radar and aerial netting. It was confirmed that C. medinalis is a high-altitude nocturnal windborne migrant, with large numbers of moths taking-off at dusk and flying continuously for several hours. Migration was post-teneral and the females had immature ovaries. Maximum densities of the moths typically occurred between 250 and 550 m above ground, and layering was intense on some nights. Moth layers often occurred at an altitude where there was a wind-speed maximum. In early September, migrant C. medinalis from southern Jiangsu Province were carried on the winds in an approximately westward direction. However, the winds prevailing in late September and October took migrants from both sites towards the south-west or south. Forward trajectories for C. medinalis and other insects emigrating from northern Jiangxi during October indicated that they were able to reach the tropical rice-growing areas near the south China coast, where year-round breeding would be possible. Incidental observations on the migratory flight of other lepidopteran pests, including Mythimna separata (Walker), Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Ctenoplusia agnata (Staudinger) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (all Nocturidae), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) and particularly Omiodes indicata (Fabricius) (both Pyralidae) are presented.

STUDY ON THE DUCTILE DEFORMATION DOMAIN OF THE SIMPLE SHEAR IN ROCKS——TAKING BRITTLE FAULTS OF THE COVERING STRATA IN THE SOUTHERN JIANGSU AREA AS AN EXAMPLE

A study on the ductile deformation domain of the brittle fault in the shallow level ofthe crust is a new probe field for the modern structural geology. Taking the southern Jiang-su Province area as an example the orientation measurement of quartz crystals, the com-positional texture observation of three pressure sensitive minerals and the rheological param-eter determination of dislocation densities, etc. have been demonstrated and analysed basedon typical samples in the present paper. In addition, their generation mechanisms arealso discussed from the cataclastic rheology, the dynamic differentiation and the simpleshearing, specially, from the Ode strength theory. Finally, a generative relationship betweenthe ductile deformation domain of the brittle fault system, in the regional layer--slip andthe formation of the stratabound ore deposit is shown as well.