South India Research Articles

Effectiveness of video-assisted teaching programme and mobile application on knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding management of common minor discomforts of pregnancy among primigravida mothers– A pilot study from South India

Pregnancy might lead to various physiological changes that may end up in a diversity of symptoms and frequently to gastrointestinal complaints, such as heartburn, nausea, vomiting, or constipation. With adequate information and timely care, the majority of mild problems that arise during pregnancy can be reduced.The main aim is to to evaluate the efficacy of video-assisted teaching programme and mobile applicationin improving primigravida women' knowledge, attitudes, and practices about how to handle common pregnancy discomforts.A quantitative research approach with the one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted to conduct this pilot study among a total of 20 primigravida mothers attending the PHC Centre by purposive sampling technique who were administered with video-assisted teaching having the contents on knowledge, attitude, and practice aspects regarding management of various minor discomforts of pregnancy. Knowledge, attitude, and practice were measured using structured tools at the baseline (day 1) and after the administration of video-assisted teaching with mobile app-based follow-up education on day 15. We analysed the data with descriptive to describe the variables, paired t-test to test the effectiveness, Karl Pearson’s correlation for the relationship, and Chi-square to find the association. Knowledge, attitude, and practice all showed statistically significant improvements following the implementation of the video-assisted teaching program and mobile application.The research findings indicated that video-assisted teaching along with a mobile app in their own language was found useful method of educating primigravida mothers to increase their knowledge and to generate favorable attitudes regarding the management of minor discomforts during pregnancy.

Early identification of thyroid illness and its intricate relationship to renal function may be crucial for therapy planning

An epidemiological shift has occurred in India, where the burden of chronic illnesses is increasing, and communicable diseases are declining. Chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and chronic respiratory disorders are on the rise, and this trend has been attributed to unhealthy lifestyles, increased urbanization, and changes in society and the environment. Such a category did not include chronic kidney disease (CKD). End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <15 ml/min/1.73 m2, while chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a sustained eGFR of <60 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area for more than three months irrespective of the underlying cause while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <15 ml/min/1.73 m2 is considered as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CKD is classified into five stages ranging from mild dysfunction to complete failure. Globally, CKD is a significant cause of morbidity and death and there is a 38% increase in mortality linked to renal failure in developing nations like India. It has been shown that the epidemiology of CKD in India differs from that in the West; patients in India were, on average, five to twenty years younger Pregnancy-related malnutrition, environmental variables, genetics, or postponed medical care that accelerates the course of CKD are among the likely reasons and birth weight.The present hospital-based, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India from December 2020 to January 2024. The study comprised 50 patients of CKD between 30 and 70 years of age of both sexes with no previous history of any thyroid dysfunction, while 50 apparently healthy age and sex-matched individuals from the same ethnic population with normal renal function and no past history of thyroid disorders served as a control group.The results of this study and most others, there is a possibility that abnormal thyroid hormone activity may result in a decline in renal function. Early identification of thyroid illness and its intricate relationship to renal function may be crucial for therapy planning.The current cross-sectional hospital-based observational study discovered that uremic patients had considerably lower mean TT3 and TT4 and higher mean TSH when compared to healthy controls, regardless of the kind of medication or duration of the disease. Based on the results of this study and most others, there is a possibility that abnormal thyroid hormone activity may result in a decline in renal function. Early identification of thyroid illness and its intricate relationship to renal function may be crucial for therapy planning.

Defining geriatric care in a developing country: A Multidisciplinary model empowering clinical pharmacists

BackgroundThe elderly population often has complex health needs due to multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and inappropriate prescriptions. Clinical pharmacists play an important role in optimizing pharmacotherapy as a part of a multidisciplinary geriatric care team. However, there is a lack of integrated models in developing countries. AimTo develop a standardized framework for the provision of clinical pharmacy services in geriatric care – A Comprehensive Geriatric Care Model. MethodsA systematic service design process was used to develop an innovative geriatric care model in a tertiary hospital in southern India. The roles of stakeholders were captured through interviews and observations. Evidence-based clinical pharmacy services were developed focusing on medication reconciliation, medication review, patient counselling, and transitions of care. ResultsThe Comprehensive Geriatric Care Model integrates the pharmacist into coordinated care. The responsibilities of physicians, nurses, patients, caregivers, and pharmacists throughout the inpatient stay are shown in swim-lane diagrams. Pharmacy services address inappropriate prescriptions, poor adherence, adverse drug reactions, and fragmented care. ConclusionsThe systematic development of an interprofessional geriatric care model embedded with evidence-based clinical pharmacy services was made possible using a patient-centered service design methodology. The implementation and evaluation of this collaborative approach could significantly improve the quality of care and outcomes for older adults.

Conceptual differences about willingness of body donation among southern, eastern, central and northern population of India: Single centered approach

: Cadaveric dissection cannot be compensated by virtue table concepts or computerized learning aids. The present study was aimed to evaluate the conceptual differences and perceptional clarity about willingness of body donation relevant to regional practice among four inter-state population of India. The study objectives focused to assess the understanding level about general and special concepts and attitudes about body donation in Southern, Eastern, Central as well Northern parts of India and to compare differences about the concepts of understanding and willingness about body donation between four inter-state populations.A cross-sectional single center study with a differential rating scale questionnaire was conducted. Four hundred participants equally divided among four medical colleges of Southern, Eastern, Central and Northern India were the samples. All ethical principles for human research were followed. Completing a special course of ethical training and non-willingness to participate in the study were regarded as the criteria of a subject to get excluded from the study.The given questionnaire was completed by various participants from different zones: eastern, western, central and southern. We found significant difference in the educational level of the participants across various zones. Unsurprisingly, most likely due to the literacy rate, participants from the south are much more familiar with ‘body donation’ for research and education compared to participants from other three zones. Provisions to improve the body donation should concentrate on multi-directional tasks.

Proteomics Approach to Identify Serum Biomarkers Associated with Gastric Cancer in South Indian Tamils.

Identifying cancer-specific biomarkers is a crucial step in the disease screening process at a very early stage of tumor development. In recent years, Quantitative proteomic approaches have gained importance in identifying novel candidate markers in cancer. Gastric cancer has always been known as a life-threatening medical condition with high mortality rates. The objective of our research is to adapt serum samples from Indian gastric cancer patients to identify and understand the differentially regulated proteins in comparison with healthy individuals. A total of 30 serum isolates from gastric cancer patients and healthy individuals were obtained and subjected to 2-D Gel electrophoresis, and Tandem LC-MS analysis revealed 12 differentially expressed protein spots. The functional properties of identified proteins were further analyzed using PANTHER and STRING databases. The differentially expressed protein spots were identified as three candidate proteins: Haptoglobin, Prohibitin, and Apolipoprotein. The protein interaction studies reveal that the haptoglobin fragments were upregulated, and the remaining two prohibitin and Apolipoprotein were down-regulated in gastric cancer patients. All the proteins identified as biomarkers were found to be involved in regulating cell proliferation and stabilization of oxidative metabolism in the liver; therefore, differential regulation plays a crucial role in gastric cancer progression.

Barriers to uptake of referral services from secondary eye care to tertiary eye care and its associated determinants in L V Prasad Eye Institute network in Southern India: A cross-sectional study-Report II.

To investigate the barriers to the uptake of referral services from secondary care centers (SC) to a higher-level tertiary care center (TC) in Southern India. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mahabubnagar district of Telangana, India, between February 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019 and all those referred from SC to TC between January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2016 were identified for interview. Based on inclusion criteria, of the 960 participants identified, 681 (70.9%) participated in the study. A validated study questionnaire was administered to all participants. Information collected were the demographic details, details related to their referral and barriers to referral. The participants that presented at TC were considered compliant and who did not, were non-compliant. Reasons for non-compliance was also collected. The mean age those interviewed was 46.1 years (SD: 17.3 years) and 429 (63%) were males and 252 (37%) were females. Overall, 516 (75.8%) were compliant, and 165 (24.2%) were non-compliant. The major factors for non-compliance were economic (16.4%) and attitudinal (44.2%) barriers. Within the attitudinal barrier category, the most prevalent individual attitudinal barriers were 'too busy to go to the eye center for treatment (16.4%)'and 'able to manage routine daily activities with current vision (12.1%)'. The multivariable analysis showed that the non-compliant participants had only visited the SC once prior to the referral (odds ratio: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.43-5.57) (p = 0.003). Participants with only one SC visit, were less likely to comply with referrals and the major barriers to compliance were economical and attitudinal. It is important to address these specific barriers to provide proper counseling to participants during referrals.

Paleoarchean sedimentation and Mesoarchean high-temperature metamorphism in northeastern Brazil: Tracing sources and depositional ages in polymetamorphic rocks

Supracrustal rocks offer a window into tectonic processes of the early Earth, since they are common in the Archean lithosphere. However, these rocks are usually affected by several episodes of metamorphism that can compromise their UPb systematics, leading to equivocal interpretations of depositional ages and sources. In northeast Brazil, supracrustal rocks are frequent within the Archean basement of the São José do Campestre Massif. These metapelitic migmatites show a high-temperature mineral assemblage, with garnet + sillimanite ± spinel and retrograde cordierite, with abundant anatectic melt migration at conditions of upper amphibolite to granulite facies. Zircon UPb dating coupled to trace elements analysis through LA-ICP-MS, as well as zircon internal zoning patterns suggest a maximum depositional age of 3305 ± 16 Ma followed by high-temperature metamorphism in the Mesoarchean, Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic. Mesoarchean high temperature metamorphism occurred between 3084 ± 4 and 3006 ± 6 Ma and generated a wide range of textures that could be grouped in, at least, three stages of zircon growth. The first, during prograde heating, led to dissolution of detrital cores through the process of Ostwald Ripening and reprecipitation in oscillatory zoned rims. The second, probably at peak conditions, occurred above the stability of monazite, as evidenced by high Th/U ratios within zircon grains, rounded shape and sector-zoned cores. The third, during retrograde cooling, is mostly driven by garnet breakdown, and resulted in the crystallization of convoluted rims. Ti-in-zircon temperatures indicate minimum temperatures of 712 ± 21 °C for prograde/retrograde stages and 881 ± 50 °C for peak conditions. The Paleoarchean sedimentation and Mesoarchean metamorphism are coeval with similar events in Kaapvaal and Dharwar Cratons (South Africa and South India, respectively), but show no correlation to any Archean domains in South America to date. Solid-state recrystallization during the Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.0 Ga) and the Neoproterozoic (ca. 0.6 Ga) correlates with orogenic events in both the Borborema Province and São Francisco Craton, suggesting a common evolution since the Rhyacian.

Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis and Its Determinants: A Study from a Tertiary Hospital in South India

Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis and Its Determinants: A Study from a Tertiary Hospital in South India

Metal partitioning in sediments and risk assessment of a ramsar site-Cochin estuary, South West India

Geochemical partitioning of sediment bound metals in Cochin estuary were determined by sequential extraction to unravel the processes controlling their distribution, mobility and contamination status. Most of the metals recorded higher content at residual and exchangeable fractions. Abundance of Cd, Zn and Mn in bioavailable form (promoted by surface adsorption on fine grained sediments) was sourced to industrial operations, municipal sewage and agriculture effluents. Pyrite formation effectively controls the fraction distribution of redox sensitive elements- Mn and Fe. Scavenging by Fe-Mn oxide was dominant process regulating the accretion of metals -Zn, Ni, Cr, Co, Cd, Mn whereas organic matter complexation facilitate the accumulation of the metals-Mn, Co, Cu and Zn. Contamination due to Zn and Cd was substantiated by enrichment factor (range for Zn: 4.42–57.22; range for Cd: 0.02–0.37), contamination factor (range for Zn: 0.51–22.19; range for Cd: 3.30–60.67 and geoaccumulation index (range for Zn: 0.10–4.45; range for Cd: 0.66–12.18). Elevated PLI (Range: 0.19–1.58) indicated metal inputs from anthropogenic activities. Potential ecological risk values >40 implied that Cd, Zn and Pb can induce risk to the ecosystem.

An assessment of anticipated future changes in water erosion dynamics under climate and land use change scenarios in South Asia

Water erosion has emerged as a significant global environmental challenge, particularly in South Asia, recognized as one of the regions hardest to hit globally by climate change. This study aims to identify the potential erosion hotspots in South Asia and to assess areas under risk in the future due to climate and land use change scenarios. We utilized the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), an empirical erosion model, to estimate erosion for both historical and future periods, considering two distinct Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP126 and SSP585). The baseline model predicts a mean water erosion rate of 10.6 t. ha−1. year−1 in South Asia, with more than 30 t. ha−1. year−1 recorded for 6.3 % of the total land area. Notably, Bangladesh and Nepal exhibit significantly higher erosion rates than other South Asian countries. Further, our projection indicates an + 10 % increase in erosion rates during the near future (2021–2040) under SSP585 compared to the historical estimates. A substantial rise of approximately + 31 % and + 39 % in water erosion rates in South Asia is anticipated during the far future periods of 2061–2080 and 2081–2100 under SSP585. At the country level, Bangladesh (+42 %), Bhutan (+108 %), and Nepal (+70 %) are expected to experience substantial increases in erosion rates during the 2081–2100 period, with India projecting a + 38 % increase. Additionally, a significant + 35 % expansion in the spatial extent of high erosion areas (>30 t. ha−1. year−1) is foreseen in 2081–2100 under SSP585. Furthermore, under the low climate change scenario (SSP126), the impact on the erosion rates is minimal, while under SSP585, a substantial increase in erosion rates is anticipated. Regions such as Southern India, the arid and semi-arid areas near the India-Pakistan border, and the Himalayan foothills are identified as hotspots for significant changes in erosion rates. Acknowledging a certain level of uncertainty, our study provides valuable insights into erosion risk areas in South Asia and their plausible future impacts due to climate and land use changes. This information can assist policymakers in South Asian countries in developing national-level strategies for soil conservation and climate resilience.

Freddy: breaking record for tropical cyclone precipitation?

Abstract Depending on the location on the Earth, the amount of precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) can reach 20% of the total yearly precipitation over land and up to 40% over some ocean regions. TC induced freshwater flooding has been suggested to be the largest threat to human lives due to TCs. Therefore, a reliable quantification of the precipitation amount associated with each past TC is important for a better definition of the TC fingerprint on the climate. The temporal and horizontal resolution of state-of-the-art observational datasets and atmospheric reanalysis gives the possibility to quantify precipitation associated with TCs globally following the observed TC tracks. In this work we compare the TC-related precipitation in various observational and reanalysis datasets. A particular focus is given to the record-breaking TC Freddy (Southern Indian Ocean, 2023). Here we show that the time-varying bias in TC associated precipitation, due to the positive trend in assimilated observations, makes it difficult to assess long-term trend investigation based on reanalysis. To this aim we need to build on state-of-the-art general circulation models, free to evolve under historical radiative forcing.

Optimizing Antibiotic Treatment for Diabetic Foot Infections: A Study From a Tertiary Public Healthcare Center in Puducherry, South India.

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) represent a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding antibiotic prescribing patterns and microbial susceptibility is crucial for effective management. This study aimed to assess antibiotic prescribing trends and microbial susceptibility patterns in DFIs in a tertiary care center in Puducherry. A prospective observational study was conducted over two months, involving patients with DFIs attending surgery OPD and admitted inpatient wards. Data on demographics, comorbidities, ulcer characteristics, antibiotic prescriptions, and microbial culture results were collected. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis. Of 110 patients included, most were males (80, 72.7%) aged 51-60 years (43, 39.1%). Common risk factors included poor glycemic control (85, 77.3%), barefoot walking (29, 26.4%), and a family history of diabetes (46, 41.8%). Gram-negative organisms (78, 70.9%) predominated, with Escherichia coli(17, 15.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12, 10.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10, 9.1%) being common isolates. Polypharmacy was observed, with (63) 57.3% receiving multiple antibiotics, mainly via the parenteral route (16, 64.5%). Ceftriaxone (31, 28.2%) and cefotaxime (21, 19.1%) were frequently prescribed. Antibiotic resistance varied among isolates. This study underscores the predominance of gram-negative organisms in DFIs and highlights the need for rational antibiotic prescribing. Cephalosporins were commonly used, emphasizing the importance of empirical therapy. Understanding local microbial patterns and susceptibility is crucial for guiding antibiotic selection and optimizing clinical outcomes. In addition, addressing modifiable risk factors is imperative for preventing DFIs and reducing associated complications. This study provides valuable insights for strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs and improving patient care in diabetic foot management. Furthermore, the present study highlights the importance of essentially deprescribing the prescriptions both from the patient, their primary carer, and the treating physician/surgeon's perspective.

Climatology of thermodynamic indices and background synoptic conditions responsible for severe convection during pre‐ to post‐monsoon seasons over Indian region

AbstractTo investigate the mechanisms responsible for severe convection linked with a variety of mesoscale, synoptic systems over the Indian region, a preliminary analysis is conducted. Using IMD RSRW/Reanalysis (ERA5)/Lightning (TRMM LIS) products both local‐scale thermodynamics and large‐scale background conditions responsible for the major lightning hot spots in different seasons are investigated. In the pre‐monsoon season, high lightning activity over NE Indian region is due to moisture intrusion by south‐westerly at lower levels (warm air advection), along with mid‐level north westerlies (cold air advection) which favour the low‐level convergence and upper‐level divergence. SCS over south India are mainly attributed to wind discontinuity over the region. During monsoon season major lightning activity in NW India is due to the presence of heat low and the rest of the country less intense SCS activity is evident due to high wind shear conditions in connection with low‐level (westerly) and upper‐level (easterly jet stream). In the post‐monsoon season, major lightning in south India are due to the prevailing north‐easterlies and in north India, the activity is attributed to the passage of western disturbance (WD). Station plot analysis suggests the varied distribution of thermodynamic indices season/region‐wise due to the diverse background forcing. Correlation analysis between the lightning and thermodynamic indices suggests that more skillful indices are KI (~0.7 to 0.8), precipitable water (PPW) (~0.8) (pre‐monsoon, monsoon) and (PPW) (~0.8), convective available potential energy (CAPE) (~0.6) in post monsoon over respective lightning hot‐spot regions. Independent verification using Wyoming data/reanalysis for different case studies suggests that monitoring the monthly thresholds of highly correlated indices provides a helpful proxy to operationally forecast the severe convective systems (season/region). Mean Equivalent potential temperature, and mixing ratio in mixed layer has shown reasonable association with the lightning occurrence over all lightning hot spot regions which are implemented in the IMD GFS and IMD WRF models.

Effect of the Protein Kinase B (PKB) Gene on the Carcinogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the South Indian Population.

The most common head and neck cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It is also one of the most prevalent forms of cancer globally. The current pharmacological treatment strategy for oral cancer lacks specificity and is capable of causing various side effects. This fact highlights the increasing need for targeted therapy. Interestingly, protein kinase B (PKB), commonly referred to as the AKT serine/threonine kinase, is an oncogenic protein that controls cell development, proliferation, apoptosis, and glycogen metabolism. Thus, the present study analyzed the AKT gene expression in OSCC patient samples. A total of 25 OSCC tissue samples and normal tissue samples were collected from the patients who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals in Chennai, India. The tissues were processed for H&E staining for histopathological confirmation, and expression studies of the AKT gene were done on both healthy and proven OSCC tissue samples. The data were shown as mean ± standard deviation, and p<0.05* was considered to be statistically significant. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the AKT gene had been significantly upregulated in the OSCC tissue samples when compared to normal tissues (p<0.05). Moreover, upregulated AKT is postulated to be involved in increased cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis in OSCC. The gene expression analysis was done in the samples of histologically confirmed OSCC, and it revealed that the AKT gene was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues. Thus, AKT could be postulated as a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.

Piloting Pulse Producer Support System Through ICT Enabled Services for Enhanced Climate Resilience

Background: In peninsular India, the frequency of climate-related risks is significantly lowering agricultural productivity and farmers’ standard of living. Reducing losses in the agriculture sector requires precise and timely weather information, weather based advisories on crop production, protection and post-harvest. Disseminating agromet advisories directly to the farmers using ICT tools allows farmers to adopt appropriate corrective measures, minimize loss and ensure climate resilient agriculture. In this sense, the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University established an Automated Agromet Advisory Web cum Mobile App (TNAU-AAS) in 2018, which sends location, crop and stage specific agromet advisories directly to farmers’ mobile App. Methods: TNAU-AAS App was evaluated in pulse crops as “Piloting pulse produce support system through ICT enabled services” between 2019 and 2021 in three TNAU centers under three different eco systems namely irrigated (Coimbatore), rice fallow (Aduthurai) and rainfed (Kovilpatti). Pulse growing farmers were registered in this smartphone application for agromet advisory based response farming. Result: The TNAU-AAS App had delivered approximately 10-12 advisories to each farmer, tailored to their unique crop and stage during the cropping period. Survey results inferred that the farmers received timely notifications on their mobile phones, 2-3 days in advance, which assisted them in preplanning. Occurrences of pests and diseases were well aligned (68-83%) with TNAU- AAS recommendations and the climate vulnerability of non AAS farmers is more than AAS farmer. According to partial budget analysis, the irrigated, rice fallow and rainfed black gram farmers have gained Rs. 2800, Rs. 2300 and Rs. 1900 per ha, respectively. It is concluded that the ICT-enabled agromet advisory system guarantees timely alerts, boosts labor and land productivity, lowers input loss and shields crops from weather-induced pests and diseases as well as climatic variability risk.

Laparoscopic modified e-tep repair of concomitant inguinal and ventral hernias.

Laparoscopic hernia repair in recent times has gained the most acceptance among both the surgical community and the patient groups, as it has proven benefits of lesser postoperative hospital stay and less pain scores. The incidence of both inguinal and ventral hernias has increased significantly in the present days. Various methods have been postulated by different surgical groups for repairing the same but no there is no standard consensus on managing concomitant inguinal and ventral hernias. The conventional e-TEP requires an extensive dissection with increased operative time. We present our experience in managing cases with both inguinal and primary M2/M3 and W1 ventral hernias with or without divarication of recti using a modified up to down approach for inguinal hernia followed by down to up approach for the ventral hernia, from a tertiary care center in South India. We managed 16 cases with simultaneous incidence of inguinal and primary M2/M3 and W1 ventral hernias with or without divarication of recti between January 2022 and November 2023. Institute ethical committee clearance and informed consent was obtained from all the 16 patients. They were all subjected to an extra peritoneal repair of both the hernias. All the demographic data, intraoperative data, postoperative complications and follow up were digitally stored. All patients were followed up for six months after surgery. Out of 16 patients, 15 were males and 1 was female. The mean age was 48years and the mean BMI of all the patients was 29.2kg/m2. The postoperative recovery was smooth in all patients and being discharged within 24h after surgery. The pain scores of all patients were significantly lower than patients who underwent intraperitoneal repair. e-TEP hernia repair is gaining popularity and has amused the hernia surgical community. Our method of e-TEP RS repair in cases with concomitant inguinal and primary M2/M3 W1 ventral hernias with or without divarication helps in addressing both the hernias in the extra-peritoneal space. Our technique reduces the area of dissection needed for mesh placement and preserves the integrity of abdominal musculature in the upper abdomen when compared with the conventional technique. It further allows extension of the e-TEP inguinal space into the Rectro rectus space without much alteration in the port arrangement allowing simultaneous repair of groin and umbilical hernias. Good knowledge of anatomy and laparoscopic skills are pertinent for safe and effective hernia repair by this technique.

Compliance of Surgical Care in Patients with Carcinoma Endometrium in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India, to European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology (ESGO) Quality Indicators

Compliance of Surgical Care in Patients with Carcinoma Endometrium in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India, to European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology (ESGO) Quality Indicators

Response of ion velocities of daytime ionospheric wavenumber-4 to solar activity observed by ROCSAT-1 and DEMETER

The electron/ion density/temperature and ion velocities observed by the ROCSAT-1 and DEMETER satellites are used to examine the daytime wavenumber-4 (WN4) feature in the equatorial/low latitude ionosphere during various months and solar activity levels of 1999–2010. A moving median process has been employed to isolate WN4 features and calculate their amplitudes, while the upward ion drift is used to estimate electric fields. The ROCSAT-1 and DEMETER ion density, ion temperature, and ion velocity generally yield prominent WN4 features over the center of Pacific Ocean, the west side of South America, the center of the Atlantic Ocean, and Southern India. The correlation coefficient between the deviation of ion density and upward ion drift is significant during high solar activity of 1999–2004, while it approaches to zero during low solar activity of 2004–2010. This confirms that the longitudinal variation of the upward ion drift is essential during high solar activity, and the associated amplitude of dynamo eastward electric field is in the range of 0.10–0.14 mV/m, which is 15–19% of daily dynamo electric field. By contrast, the deviation of the ion density and the northward field-aligned ion flow show a clear anti-correlation which yields a maximum coefficient in August during low solar activity but no correlation during high solar activity. These indicate that the longitudinal variation of the meridional field-aligned ion flow could play an important role during low solar activity, and its amplitude is in the range of 10.44–13.91 m/s, which is 10–13% of the ambient ion flows.

Influence of convective parameterization on the simulation of tropical cyclones over the South West Indian Ocean: A case study of tropical cyclone Idai (2019)

Proper configuration of the physical parameterization scheme is important for accurate outcomes of mesoscale weather forecasting model. This study evaluates the performance of four distinct cumulus parameterization schemes: the Kain-Fritsch (KF), Grell 3D ensemble (GR3D), Modified Tiedtke (MTIEDKE) and Modified Kain-Fritsch (MKF) schemes, in simulating Tropical Cyclone (TC) Idai (2019) in the Southern Indian Ocean. Utilizing the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model and TC best-track and satellite precipitation datasets, the research assesses the models' efficacy in replicating Idai's observed track and intensity. Results indicate that the KF, MTIEDKE, and MKF schemes reasonably capture Idai's southwestward track, with MKF demonstrating superior accuracy in reproducing observed intensity evolution. Conversely, the GR3D simulation exhibits a northwestward deviation, leading to notable track and intensity errors. Further investigations suggest that the smaller track and intensity differences in the MKF simulation are linked to the more accurate simulation of rainfall in both the surrounding environment and the TC inner-core region. The two factors exert strong influences on the large-scale steering flow and TC secondary circulation, respectively. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate convective parameterization schemes for precise tropical cyclone simulations in the Southern Indian Ocean. This research contributes valuable insights into the intricate interaction between convective processes and atmospheric dynamics, offering implications for enhancing tropical cyclone prediction models in the region.

Ayurveda is on the Way to Open the Golden Door of Indian Tourism through Panchakarma - A Review

ABSTRACT Over the years, Ayurveda, the science of healing and regeneration, has become increasingly popular throughout the world. Numerous Ayurvedic centres are expanding nowadays, as they are one of the primary tourist attractions in the southern region. India is becoming a popular destination for medical tourism due to a number of draw factors, including easy accessibility, affordable and high-quality medical care, beautiful vacation spots, etc. The best place is in South India, which is also the nation's centre of health. The boundaries and opportunities of Ayurvedic tourism have undoubtedly expanded with the recognition of Ayurvedic healing on a national and worldwide level. With any fortunate, India will be the world's top choice for high-quality medical facilities within the next several years. Ayurveda was supposedly bestowed upon humanity by the gods to enable us to live long, healthy lives free from illness. Nearly every tribe in India swiftly embraced ayurveda, and it soon started to spread to nations like Afghanistan, China, and Iran. Panchakarma can provide a long-lasting or permanent treatment for multi-system disruptions. Panchakarma is becoming a vital component of medical travel. Therefore, the government ought to actively support the growth of Panchakarma travel. This review discusses the many facets of ayurvedic travel to India, including Panchakarma, its development, and current trends. Keywords-Ayurveda, Tourism, Panchakarma, health .