Southern Bug River Research Articles

Лесові кар'єри ХХ ст. у Хмельницькому: сучасна морфологія та морфодинаміка

In contrast to the scrutiny to loess as deposits on one side and to open mines of minerals in rocks on the other side, loess quarries as landforms and as arena of contemporary human caused geomophologic processes became the object of study just recently. The article discusses features of 17 loess quarries in the Khmelnytskyi city area. They developed brick-tile raw materials in the twentieth century. Ten quarries locate on the banks of the Samets River and on its tributaries. Seven of them locate on the left bank of the Southern Bug River and on the banks and tributaries of Ploska River. The general morphological analysis, the revising of the XXth century topographic maps and the city plans, the geotechnical data analysis are the main methods, presented in research. Khmelnytskyi city territory is a set of Podolian Upland in east part, shaped in two bedrock layers of Upper Cretaceous (limestone) and Lower Neogene (clay), covered by Quaternary deposits and sediments, including loess-soils-series. The thickness of last reaches up to 30 m. Analysis of the geotechnical engineering data within highthickness loess-soil-series areas shows that the groundwater level location is from 3,5 to 20 m and deeper, most often is 7–11 m. These geological and hydrogeological features became the reason to the placement of loess open pits here. The depth of excavation in the mid-twentieth century was 2,5–21,5 m, area of 0,2–3,0 hectares. Subsequently, the area of three largest quarries increased to 10–30 hectares. In 2016 the highest height of ledges of former quarries is only 12 m. The dominant forms of initial stage contour were partially closed circular or oval; diameter (as well as the length of big axis or ledge) was 70–250 m. Except one working quarry at Pivnichnyi district the remaining 16 are closed since 1990 at the latest. The field research of ten quarries in April–June 2016 results in a leveling of morphological features, especially into low-rise buildings areas (seven out of ten). Terraces and benches or retaining walls are typical slope modification in four quarries (partly), flattering and slope stabilization using vegetation (trees) occur in nine quarries (also partly). Only those that use the territory for outdoor sports facilities and to a lesser extent – industrial zones have clearly expressed but still changed ledges. But less modified quarries have the landslides on the slopes of the height of 5 m and more, mainly south-faced. The types of landslides include earthflow, rotational and transitional landslides, spreads (rare) and one case of the anthropogenic debris flow in 1997 (caused by leakage and seepage of water from the water tower on the ridge of former quarry scarp, accompanied by other landslides types). In five quarries relatively old (20–40 years) and recent (up to week) landslides are detected, the biggest body has length of about 100 m. Slow earthflow was indicated by curved tree trunks in six quarries. The results of study of loess quarries of the twentieth century are similar to the earlier made findings about the morphology of loess quarries of the nineteenth century in Khmelnytskyi and geomorphological processes occurred on them. Key words: loess quarry, artificial terrain, terrain morphology, landslides, geomorphological processes, Khmelnytskyi City.

Assessment of safety index for water ecological system

The harmful effect of wastewater factor on stenobiont organisms of the Gammaridae family is experimentally determined. Based on the defined environmental characteristics of aquatic organisms in the estuarine complex of the Southern Bug river (Mykolaiv region, Ukraine), the calculated ecological system safety index, which can vary in the range 0˂ESI˂1, takes the value of 0.18. This suggests a crisis ecological situation in the ecological system of the river and is confirmed by the graphic and analytical material, presented in the paper. Double integration (using living organisms as an integrated status indicator of the river, the lower reaches of which fully reflects the level of balance of the “man-nature” system in its basin) allows speaking about considering the principle of comprehensiveness in the evaluation results. The causal relationships between the economic complex of human and the natural systems, which primarily determine the low current value of the proposed index are analyzed. The experimental work with further ESI calculations proves the failure of regulatory evaluation of the concept of human impact on the environment to ensure the objectivity of evaluation. The result of the research is the practical implementation of new theoretical developments in the field of safety assessment of ecological systems. The resulting index value correlates well with both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the studied water ecosystem. The theoretical work on the algorithm of ensuring (management) the ecological safety of natural and socio-natural systems is also extended. The developed technique can also be used to assess the social, economic development components and for a generalized indicator of sustainable development.

Таксономическая структура фитопланктона нижнего участка реки Южный Буг (Украина)

Таксономическая структура фитопланктона нижнего участка реки Южный Буг (Украина)

Zur Bandkeramik zwischen Pruth und Südlichem Bug

ZusammenfassungDer allgemeine Kenntnisstand zur Bandkeramik (LBK) ist in den Gebieten östlich der Karpaten noch vergleichsweise gering. Es erschien daher Erfolg versprechend, ausgewählte Siedlungen in der westlichen Ukraine und in Moldawien zu erkunden. Dabei konzentrierten sich unsere Untersuchungen vornehmlich auf die Frage, ob das vollständige neolithische Kulturpaket auch die östlichsten Verbreitungsgebiete der Bandkeramik erreichte. Insbesondere sollte geklärt werden, ob man auch hier, in den offenbar verhältnismäßig kleinen Siedlungen, die charakteristischen Langhäuser errichtete. Noch vor wenigen Jahren wurde deren Existenz in den östlichsten Regionen der Bandkeramik verschiedentlich infrage gestellt.Sechs bandkeramische Fundstellen wurden für Magnetometermessungen ausgewählt und auf einigen konnten zusätzlich Sondageschnitte angelegt werden. Relevante Ergebnisse älterer Grabungen wurden einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Als ein erstes Ergebnis unserer Arbeiten ist der Nachweis von Langhausstandorten festzuhalten, der allerdings hauptsächlich auf Grundlage parallel verlaufender, hausbegleitender Längsgruben erfolgt. Eine regionale Besonderheit ist ihre Nordost-Südwest-Ausrichtung. Für die auf Magnetometerprospektionen gestützte Dokumentation von Hausgrundrissen erwiesen sich die Bodenverhältnisse in den mächtigen, humusreichen Schwarzerden als wenig geeignet; immerhin gelang vereinzelt eine Beobachtung von Pfostenlöchern.In Kamyane, einer bandkeramischen Siedlung auf dem rechten Ufer des mittleren Südlichen Bug, wurde während einer kleinen Ausgrabung umfangreiches Fundmaterial geborgen. Außerdem konnten einige Keramikfragmente festgestellt werden, die im Stile der rumänischen Dudeşti Kultur verziert sind. In der Umgebung der LBK-Siedlung wurde bei Flurbegehungen ein Schuhleistenkeil gefunden, dessen Rohmaterial aus dem nordböhmischen Isergebirge stammt. Offenbar waren weiträumige Kontakte auch ein wesentliches Element der östlichsten bandkeramischen Siedlungskammern.

Phytoplankton Taxonomic Structure of the Lower Part of the Southern Bug River (Ukraine)

Investigations for the study of phytoplankton on the lower portion of the Southern Bug River were conducted in 2013−2014. According to the results of original studies, species richness in this section of the river is 210 species, represented by 219 taxa (infraspecific taxa). The basis of the phytoplankton taxonomic structure are formed by representatives of divisions Chlorophyta (42.4%), Bacillariophyta (32.9%), Cyanoprokaryota (10.5%) and Euglenophyta (5.7%). Main genera are Desmodesmus, Navicula, Euglena, Nitzschia, Coelastrum, Phacus, Acutodesmus, Monoraphidium, Oocystis and Cyclotella. According to the generalized data (including information from literature (1941−2004) and results of our investigations (2013−2014), phytoplankton of lower portion of the river is formed by 332 species (365 infr. taxa) from 10 divisions. Basis of species composition constitute Bacillariophyta − 143 species (157 infr. taxa) or 43.1% from total amount of registered taxons of species rank, Chlorophyta − 99 species (111 infr. taxa) or 29.8%, Cyanoprokaryota − 34 species or 10.2% and Euglenophyta − 28 species (33 infr. taxa) or 8.4%. Less diverse were such divisions as Charophyta − 11 species (12 infr. taxa) or 3.3%, Dinophyta − 8 species (9 infr. taxa) or 2.4%, Xanthophyta − 4 species or 1.2%, Chrysophyta − 3 species or 0.9%, Cryptophyta and Raphidophyta by one species or 0.3%. The composition and taxonomic structure of algae identified in the plankton were analyzed in order to determine changes occurring at present and their comparison with the earlier stage of development of the river. Comparison of original and literature data indicates a shift in the dominant set of taxonomic groups from diatom to green algae. Evidently, it is caused by changes in the hydrological regime of the watercourse − the flow rate, the trophic level and the like, as a result of anthropogenic pressure on this stretch of the river channel and a number of other factors. To interesting floristic findings of the lower portion of the river can be attributed to Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Mull.) E.Y. Haw., Cyclotella meduanae Germ., Navicula heimansioides Lange-Bert. and Phormidium regelii (Skuja) Anagn. et Komarek.

Phytoplankton of the Lower Section of the Southern Bug River as the Index of Its Ecological State

Phytoplankton of the Lower Section of the Southern Bug River as the Index of Its Ecological State

Features Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Major Ions, Organic Substances And Nutrients Through Current Southern Bug River

Purpose. Features spatial-temporal distribution of major ions, organic matter and nutrients downstream. Methods. The chemical-analytical. Results. The results of spatial and temporal distribution of chemical elements by the length Southern Bug river. It was shown that changes of major ions concentrations due to the location of the natural features of the river. The long-term dynamics of nutrients in the water of the river Southern Bug and the estimated impact of Khmelnitsky city on it condition were studied. Conclusions. The surface water of the river within the influence of Khmelnitsky city characterized by chronic pollution of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus mineral

MIS 11-locality of Medzhibozh, Ukraine: Archaeological and paleozoological evidence

The Lower Paleolithic localities near the town of Medzhibozh in the Khmelnitsky region of western Ukraine represent a group of multilayered sites near the Southern Bug River. Medzhibozh 1 locality is the focus of the presented report. The age of its main assemblage is defined at the beginning of the Zavadovka episode, MIS 11, while the underlying sediments are likely dated to Lubny time, MIS 13–15. Both assemblages contain lithic artefacts. The more recent is accompanied with rich fauna remains and presumable traces of hearths.The list of large mammalian fauna from Medzhibozh 1 (NISP = 450) revealed the presence of few carnivores (Ursus deningeri and Ursus thibetanus) and the dominance of cervids (Cervus elaphus, Dama dama clactoniana and Capreolus suessenbornensis) associated with Sus scrofa, Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and Castor fiber. This provides evidence for a temperate climate as well confirms the biochronological attribution, as the fauna correspond to those typically associated to middle Pleistocene interglacial periods. It also fits well with the humid and forest environment described from the microfauna and shell analysis.From an archaeological point of view, assemblages of Medzhibozh 1 could be adequately defined as belonging to the industries of technological Mode 1 (Oldowan). The material cultural horizons, despite the relatively late age (about 0.4–0.5 Ma), are characterized by the predominance of choppers, chopping tools, and isolated retouched flakes, as well as few knapped flakes, and broken and fragmented pieces of various raw materials showing minimum secondary working. Available inventories contain no good instances of core knapping, as well as almost no morphologically stable shaping of flake tools and no signs of bifacial technology. Long bones of deer are characterized by systematic intentional breakage with percussion cones and cut-marks. Complementary species like rhinoceros, wild boar, or bears are represented by incomplete skeletons. Rhinoceros and bear bones showed evidence of long and deep cut-marks. Carnivore activity is rare. Burnt bones are well documented and are associated with charcoals and heated sediments. The Medzhibozh studies are directly relevant to the study and reconstruction of ancient migration paths on the territory of North-Western Eurasia, in its East European segment.

Центрические диатомовые водоросли (Centrophyceae) нижней части р. Южный Буг (Украина)

Центрические диатомовые водоросли (Centrophyceae) нижней части р. Южный Буг (Украина)

Water quality assessment in the southern bug in powerful place of drinking water intake in Vinnytsia region

The water quality assessment of the upper and middle portions of the Southern Bug river (in the area of quality drinking water intake in Vinnytsia region) is performed. It is done base on ecological and hygienic criteria in order to obtain a clear view about environmental state of water resources of the basin of the Southern Bug and the water quality of natural as raw material for the production of drinking water. The specifics of the assessment is to ascertain the natural conditions for the formation of quality river water in the summer-autumn low water medium in water period. A comparison of water quality of the upper and middle portions of the Southern Bug river in the district is a representative of drinking water intake. As defined in the general list of priority, water quality parameters, which are crucial in adjusting existing water treatment technologies in wastewater-conditioning plants is the choice of modern methods and techniques of conditioning natural water. It is revealed that these parameters include odor, color, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity and the pH value, content of organic and biogenic substances, the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton, a number of microbiological and toxicological parameters. The proposed addition to the existing modern methods of intensification of the conditioning processes include chemical and physical methods that improve the processing conditions and water-conditioning processes.

Centric Diatoms (Centrophyceae) of the Lower Portion of the Southern Bug River (Ukraine)

Centric Diatoms (Centrophyceae) of the Lower Portion of the Southern Bug River (Ukraine)

The role of phytoplankton in the ecological assessment of the Southern Bug River middle reaches (Ukraine)

The role of phytoplankton in the ecological assessment of the Southern Bug River middle reaches (Ukraine)

The occurrence of the Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 in the Southern Bug River Basin, Ukraine

In 2013, 71 specimens of Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 were caught in Ukraine in a tributary of the Southern Bug River, known as the Hirskyi Tikych. Present study confirms the expansion of this invasive species in Ukraine and also in Europe.

Taxonomic Structure of Phytoplankton in the Upper Portion of the Southern Bug River (Ukraine)

Taxonomic Structure of Phytoplankton in the Upper Portion of the Southern Bug River (Ukraine)

Seasonal Dynamics of the Quantitative Indices of Phytoplankton Development in the Upper Section of the Southern Bug River

Ye. P. Belous, T. F. Shevchenko & P. D. KlochenkoInstitute of HydrobiologyNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineKiev, UkraineSeasonal dynamics of plankton algae species number, their numbers andbiomass, and also of the complex of dominant species, were studied in the uppersection of the Southern Bug River located within the territory of the town ofKhmelnitskiy. Several peaks of algae development were revealed during theperiodofinvestigations.Thehighestnumberofphytoplanktonspeciescausedbya sharp increase in the number of green algae species was registered in July. Themaximum numbers of phytoplankton conditioned by the development ofblue-green algae were observed also in July. Seasonal dynamics ofphytoplankton biomass were characterized by the presence of two peaks. Thefirst peak conditioned by the development of diatoms was registered in June,whereas the second peak caused by intensive development of Dinophyta andBacillariophyta – in September.

Антропогенні парагенетичні ландшафтні комплекси річища та заплави Південного Бугу

The problem of allocating paragenetic anthropogenic landscapes. The processes of formation, development and operation of the paragenetic and paradinamic connection in landscape complex of channel and floodplain of the Southern Bug River. On the example of the space-time process of development of the bottom of the river valley described the process of exchange of matter, energy and information between the anthropogenic landscape complexes. Key words: Southern Bug River, channel, floodplain, anthropogenic landscape, landscaped complex, paradinamic connection, paragenetic connection.

Phytoplankton Taxonomical Structure in the Middle Part of Southern Bug River (Ukraine)

Phytoplankton Taxonomical Structure in the Middle Part of Southern Bug River (Ukraine)

Таксономическая структура фитопланктона среднего участка реки Южный Буг (Украина)

Таксономическая структура фитопланктона среднего участка реки Южный Буг (Украина)

Climatic Influence on the Phytoplankton Communities of the Upper Reaches of the Southern Bug River (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT A total of 98 taxa of algae were observed in phytoplankton, sampled monthly, from the Khmelnitsky monitoring station in the Southern Bug River, Ukraine, between April 2010 and March 2011. Chlorophyta species are the richest taxonomic group with 46 taxa, followed by Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta, Cyanoprokaryota, Dinophyta, Chrysophyta, Streptophyta, and Xanthophyta. Seasonal dynamics of species distribution in taxonomic divisions shows that the role of Bacillariophyta in communities was high in January-March, which were replaced by greens in March-September. Euglenoids were developed in February-December and bluegreen algae in summer communities only. Strong positive correlations between temperature and species richness was observed. Abundance and biovolume of phytoplankton were maximal in summer, caused mostly by Dolichospermum flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Wacklin, Hoffmann and Komarek and Ceratium hirundinella (O. Müll.) Bergh. The river ecosystem has two periods of trophic levels - high at summer and low at winter. Bioindication characterizes the river as low alkaline and low mineralized with a moderate organic pollution level, revealed aspects of seasonal changes and revealed the main source of organic pollution as flowing from the catchment area during ice melting and rains. Organic pollution indices fluctuate within narrow limits suggesting relative stability of the river ecosystem that is shown also by Shannon indices. The calculated indices, comparative statistics, CCA, and bio-indication analysis exhibits a low pollution level in the Khmelnitsky monitoring station that can be used as a model of aquatic community dynamics under seasonal fluctuation in the southern boreal province climate, applicable for monitoring of the Southern Bug River.

Cезонная изменчивость фитопланктона верхнего участка реки Южный Буг (Украина)

Cезонная изменчивость фитопланктона верхнего участка реки Южный Буг (Украина)