Southern Bessarabia Research Articles

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On the Pathway to Independence: The Congress of the Representatives of the Lithuanian Military Officers of the Romanian Front (1917)

When the World War I began Lithuania was on the vanguards of the military operations. Around 60,000 Lithuanians were recruited in the Russian Army and employed on the operational fronts of the war. However, they were not blind performers of Tsarist ambitions, but, as The Amber Declaration showed, nurtured political ambitions of their own. The document issued on 4/17 August 1914 was signed, inter alia, by the patriarch of national credo, Jonas Basanavičius , and clearly affirmed the Lithuanian ideals, i.e. the aim of unifying Lithuania with Lithuania Minor then in German hands and the awarding of an autonomous status to a united Lithuania within the Russian Empire. This article tackles an enticing moment in the process of national rebirth, the Congress of the Representatives of the Lithuanian Military Officers of the Romanian Front held in Bender (Tighina), in southern Bessarabia, on 1-3 November 1917, calling for the creation of a Lithuanian national state. How this congress and the proclamation it issued fitted into the general frame of self-determination movements and Lithuanian national revival of 1917-1918, which led to the rebirth of the Lithuanian state? Who were the conveners and the participants to this congress? What arguments did they put forward in their national-building claims? What role did it play on the pathway to Lithuanian independence? Overlooked in most of the Lithuanian historical treatises, the Congress of the Representatives of the Lithuanian Military Officers of the Romanian Front in Bender City had in fact of greater significance than it allows to be understood when counting solely the relatively lower visibility of its leaders or the direct institutional lineage to the proclamation of independence.

Динаміка українських південнобессарабських говірок: збереження і розвиток vs редукція національних рис в умовах мультилінгвізму

Динаміка українських південнобессарабських говірок: збереження і розвиток vs редукція національних рис в умовах мультилінгвізму

Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu, A Romanian Consul at the Margins of the Russian Empire: Gheorghe Forescu in Ismail (December 1916 – March 1918)

The echoes of the events from the spring of 1917 were also felt in Bessarabia, a province annexed by Russia in 1812. Their evolution can be analyzed from multiple points of view, including from the perspective of an official representative of the Romanian state. On the basis of the reports sent by the Romanian consul in Ismail, I examine the political, social and military situation from Southern Bessarabia during a period with profound implications for the Russian Empire, in general, and this province, in particular. Gheorghe Forescu was appointed to Ismail, first as a temporary substitute, in November 1916, and then as consul, one month later. He remained in southern Bessarabia until March 1918, when the consular post was abolished as a result of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania. More often than not, Forescu had to confront and overcome certain difficult moments, having to take rapid and tough decisions. Most significantly, he formulated policy initiatives that were generally taken into account by the Romanian decision-makers.

НАУКОВІ ПОШУКИ ІСТОРИЧНОГО ТОВАРИСТВА НЕСТОРА-ЛІТОПИСЦЯ В ГАЛУЗІ АРХЕОЛОГІЇ

The article is devoted to the history of field archaeological research of ongoing by the Historical Society of Nestor the Chronicler at the Kiev University of St. Vladimir (HSNC). The members of the Society were such famous scientists as V. B. Antonovich, S. Gamchenko. V. Zavitnevich and others. According to the Statute of the Society, its goal was to promote the development of historical science with all its subsidiary directions. One of the most important areas of the scientific activity of the Society was archaeological research. A significant place among the reports made at the meetings of the HSNC is occupied by publications on the results of field research and archaeological exploring or, as they were then called, archaeological excursions. Geographically, these studies covered practically the entire territory of the South of the Russian Empire. Significant excavations were carried out in Southern Bessarabia, Kyiv, Volyn and Poltava province and the Crimea. Activities of representatives of the Historical Society of Nestor the Chronicler in the II half of XIX century was marked by measures aimed at the formation and development of archeology as a historical science on the Ukrainian lands. This was reflected in the active field activities (excavations, exploration), numerous reports presented at the meetings of the Society. The archeologists, why were he members of the HSNC, did a lot introduce into the science unique material evidence that allowed us to restore the view of the past.

Polish Ethnic Groups in Izmail at the Beginning of the 19th Century…

The article discusses issues concerning the Polish migration to the lands of Southern Bessarabia in the first half of the 19th century. The time of the first mentioning of the Poles in the region and the construction of the Polish Roman-Catholic church in Izmail is determined. Archival data on the Polish community of this city is analyzed, including its representatives’ occupations and standard of living.

Romanian–British Commercial Exchanges at the Lower Danube: The Consular Report of Percy Sanderson on the Year 1883

Abstract Researchers consider that the slight increase in commerce through Brăila and Galaţi after 1883 was mainly due to the reorientation of Romanian foreign trade by the dualist monarchy towards other European states. The Danube route-way regained some of its importance, although the port of Galaţi still suffered after the loss of the rich region of Southern Bessarabia and because of the inconvenient manner by which the town was linked to the Romanian railway system. Thus, the paper insists on the quantity and value of commercial exchanges (exports, imports), the grains, the main economic partners and the specific character of Brăila, Galaţi and Sulina in the Romanian economy. This study analyses the results of this fact upon the foreign commerce of the ports, as there are opinions that it had positive consequences for development of commerce and navigation at the Maritime Danube. The text proper is preceded by a short historical comment on the activity of the International Trade in the Lower Danube region.

Romanian-British Commercial Exchanges at the Lower Danube: The Consular Report of Percy Sanderson on the Year 1883

Researchers consider chat the slight increase in commerce through Braila and Galati after 1883 was mainly due to the reorientation of Romanian foreign trade by the dualist monarchy cowards other European states. The Danube route-way regained some of its importance, although the port of Galati still suffered after the loss of the rich region of Southern Bessarabia and because of the inconvenient manner by which the town was linked co the Romanian railway system. Thus, the paper insists on the quantity and value of commercial exchanges (exports, imports), the grains, the main economic partners and the specific character ofBraila, Galati and Sulina in the Romanian economy. This study analyses the results of this fact upon the foreign commerce of the ports, as there are opinions chat it had positive consequences for development of commerce and navigation at the Maritime Danube. The text proper is preceded by a short historical comment on the activity of the Internacional Trade in the Lower Danube region.

Social and political situation of the jewish population in the Southern Bessarabia in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries

Social and political situation of the jewish population in the Southern Bessarabia in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries

Victor Taki, Русско-Турецкие Войны и Образование Бессарабской Области (1812-1822): Политика Автономии и Колонизация / The Russian-Ottoman Wars and the Creation of the Bessarabian Region (1812-1822): The Policy of Autonomy and Colonization

In the first decade following the annexation of Bessarabia, the Russian authorities simoultaneously pursued two different approaches without fully realizing their contradictions. On the one hand, they sought to win support of the Bessarabian nobility by recognizing their land titles in the former Hotin reaya and proclaiming local autonomy based on the law of the land. On the other hand, they sought to colonize the underpopulated lands of Southern Bessarabia by inviting transdanubian Bulgarians and other ethnic groups. Although both approaches envisioned the transformation of the new province into a new homeland for the co-religionist Balkan peoples, their combination provoked social tensions between the the Bessarabian landowners and the colonists. The paper argues that the prolonged conflict between the two groups ultimately illustrates the uncertainty of Bessarabia’s status in the political geography of the Russian empire during the first decades after 1812.

Romania in the First World War: The Pre-War Crisis, 1912–1914

(1992). Romania in the First World War: The Pre-War Crisis, 1912–1914. The International History Review: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 441-451.