Southeast Asian Countries Research Articles

Sustainable strategic planning and management influence on sustainable performance: findings from halal culinary MSMEs in Southeast Asia

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the impact of sustainable strategic planning and management (SSPM) on sustainable performance (ecological, social and economic) among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) in the culinary sector in Southeast Asia (SEA). Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative approach surveying 300 halal-certified MSMS culinary businesses in the SEA region. Data were gathered using an online survey platform and analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique. Findings Green management (GRM), digital transformation management (DTM) and Halal Business Management (HBM) exert a significant influence on SSPM. Furthermore, SSPM positively influences the sampled halal culinary MSMEs’ ecological, social and economic performances in SEA. The study also reveals that GRM, DTM and HBM positively influence Islamic ethics compliance and good governance. Research limitations/implications This study sheds light on the often-ignored MSME business in the halal culinary sector in SEA. Examining sustainable and strategic planning synergy strengthens the development of a comprehensive framework for SSPM and could encourage more MSMEs to practice sustainable business operations. Moreover, the research also underlines the urgent need to harmonize halal standards in the SEA region. The approach would intensify multilateral support for economic growth and halal trade between SEA countries and beyond. Originality/value This study addresses the research gap in the strategic and sustainable management of halal culinary MSMEs within the developing and vast SEA economic region. This research is among the few, if not the first, that combines the GRM, DTM and HBM influence on SSPM and examines the impact on sustainable, ethical and good governance performances. The insights derived from this study contribute to formulating robust, sustainable policies, fostering avenues for sustainable initiatives and enhancing regional and global cooperation for a sustainable future.

Ocular filariasis in the form of a conjunctival granuloma – A rare case report from non-endemic part of India

Filariasis, a predominantly lymphatic disease can rarely have ocular involvement in endemic as well as a few non-endemic zones of the Indian subcontinent. It has also been reported from countries of South East Asia. In India, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi are the nematodes causing filariais. Ocular involvement can happen in a wide spectrum, involving lacrimal glands, conjunctiva and fornices, cornea, anterior chamber, and vitreous cavity. We report a case of adult filarial worm (B. malayi) inside a conjunctival granuloma in a lady hailing from a rural, non-endemic part of the country. The lady presented with a short history of ocular irritation and redness. Clinical examination revealed a small granuloma-like lesion with surrounding inflammation over the conjunctiva. The rest of the anterior segment as well as the posterior segment was fairly within normal limits. The history as well as clinical examination was not supportive of a parasitic infestation, leading the doctors to treat the lesion as an allergic disease. However, the lesion remained unresolved, and surgical excision was undertaken. On surgical intervention, a live worm was spotted inside the lesion. Parasitological evaluation of the worm was confirmatory of adult filaria (B. malayi). The patient responded to a combination therapy of oral diethylcarbamazine and albendazole.

75 years’ journey of malaria publications in English: what and where?

Malaria has inflicted serious morbidity and mortality across the globe. The major brunt of the disease has been on African, South-East Asian and South American countries. Proportionally, malaria has attracted global research priorities and this is evident from the number of publications related to malaria from across the globe, irrespective of its endemicity. However, formal and exhaustive analyses of these ‘malaria publications’ are rarely reported. The systematic review and secondary data analyses were done to retrieve information on what has been published on malaria, where is it published, and which countries are major contributors to malaria research.The study presents malaria publications from 1945 to 2020 retrieved using three databases: Web of Science™, Embase® and Scopus®. Exported data were examined to determine the number of publications over time, their subject areas, contributions from various countries/organizations, and top publishing journals.The total number of published records on malaria ranged from 90,282 to 112,698 (due to three different databases). Based on the number of publications, USA, UK, France, and India were identified as the top four countries. Malaria Journal, American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, and PLoS One were the most preferred journals, whereas the University of London (Institutions other than LSHTM), the National Institute of Health, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the University of Oxford appeared to be the top contributing organization.A disproportional contribution to malaria research was observed with non-malaria endemic countries making the largest contribution. Databases differed in their output format and needed standardization to make the outputs comparable across databases.

Pathogenic germline variants among Thai patients with colorectal cancer: A study in Genomics Thailand Project.

e22534 Background: Germline variant testing in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (pts) has been applied in many countries. Limited data is known regarding germline CRC prevalence in Thailand and other low to middle-income countries in Southeast Asia. Identifying the variants in different ethnicities may show the variety in frequency of the pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) and their relationship with clinical characteristics. Our study reports on the distribution of PGVs and their clinical findings in Thai CRC pts. Methods: We use the germline testing results from the Genomics Thailand Project during 2020-2023, which performed next-generation sequencing on 50,000 pts in 5 disease groups. CRC pts in our institution with a potential risk of carrying PGVs were sent to a geneticist to obtain a family history prior to undergoing germline testing with 25-96 cancer-predisposing genes. Pts with complete pedigree data and germline testing results were enrolled in our retrospective cohort to analyze the variants and clinical findings from chart reviews. Descriptive statistics, the Cox proportion hazards model, and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to evaluate the results. Results: We included 137 CRC pts with a mean age of 47 years at diagnosis, and 58.4% were male. Of these, 38/137 (27.8%) pts were identified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic(P/LP). 26/38 (68.4%) were pathogenic Lynch syndrome (LS), 16 (42.1%) MLH1, 6 (15.8%) MSH2, 2 (5.3%) MSH6, and 2 (5.3%) PMS2. Among pathogenic non-LS, the most frequent variant was 4 (10.5%) APC, followed by 3 (7.9%) ATM, 2 (5.3%) BRCA2, 1 (2.6%) PTEN, 1 (2.6%) BARD1, and 1 (2.6%) monoallelic MUTYH. The LS group was significantly associated with a family history of CRC (p < 0.001), endometrial cancer (p = 0.001), and a synchronous/metachronous CRC (p = 0.003) compared to the non-PGVs group. Likewise, the presence of CRC in a first-degree relative (p = 0.025), more than one CRC pts in the family (p = 0.027), or early onset CRC (p = 0.012) in a first-degree relative was also significantly higher in the pathogenic non-LS group compared to the non-PGVs group. CRC pts who had more than one primary cancer in a lifetime were not significant in the LS or non-LS group compared to the non-PGVs group. At a median follow-up time of 60 (range 7-453) months, Pts in the PGVs group tended to have a shorter median time from the first CRC diagnosis to a second event defined as any of metachronous/synchronous CRC, recurrent CRC, or second cancer in a different organ compared to the non-PGVs group (135 vs. 228 months, p = 0.11). Conclusions: 27.8% pts in our cohort carried P/LP germline variants. The PGVs group was associated with a shorter time to the second event and a higher rate of familial cancer. Our study supports the benefits of genetic cancer screening. [Table: see text]

Intercontinental Comparison of Immunohistochemical Subtypes Among Individuals With Breast Cancer in South-East Asia and South America: A Scoping Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant global concern, particularly among developing countries in South-East Asia (SEA) and South America (SA). The socioeconomic burdens of oncologic care in those countries were often originated from limited accessibility on attainable therapeutic options and reliability on identifying essential information of cancer cells, i.e., immunohistochemical (IHC) subtyping to determine suitable approaches. The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the most aggressive category in breast malignancy, therefore, requiring more specific molecular pathway blocking to exhaust the cells. However, large-scale epidemiological investigation on its rate among BC remains unavailable to date. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of TNBC in the SEA and SA continents since it may guide the future direction of oncologic research and trials. This review focuses on observational studies from the SEA and SA continents from the last decade. Each study represents its country or cities, period of observation, population size, and the TNBC-BC rate as the main outcomes. Therefore, we may also limit the reporting bias originated from same-patient data on the specific occasions. The analysis will be derived to SEA-SA comparison, plus SEA/SA-specific session as processed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version 3.0. The statistical analysis will be performed in random effects model (REM) within 95% confidence interval (CI). From 46 studies included in the final analysis with a total enlisted population of 34,346 unique individuals with BC, the TNBC rate was higher in the SEA compared to the SA region (19.3% vs. 15.7%; P < 0.05 in 95% CI), with the highest prevalence observed in Vietnam (22.4%) and Peru (17.8%), if it was restricted on countries with two or more studies. Interestingly, both Laos and Argentina possessed significant differences compared to other countries within their respective continents, with the highest and lowest TNBC rates (P < 0.05). The IHC characteristics in SEA differ from those in the SA continent as mainly represented by TNBC prevalence, possibly shaping the course of future trials in the respective region based on IHC expressivity status.

What Do We Know About the Influence of Believers' Religiosity on Happiness and Gratitude? - A Perspective for Clinical Practice.

The recognition of religion's significance in mental health has led to several scientific advances in diagnosis or treatment. In contrast, Vietnam is a multi-religious Southeast Asian country with a large number of believers, but there is almost no research addressing the impact of religiosity among Vietnamese believers on mental health concerns such as depression, happiness, and gratitude. Our cross-sectional study was focused on Vietnamese believers (N = 374), surveyed directly at different religious facilities in Vietnam. The present study was evaluated utilizing the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology. The primary findings of the study indicate that (i) age was found to positively moderate the association between intrinsic religiosity and gratitude (β = 0.191, 95% CI [0.116, 0.277], p < 0.001); (ii) Intrinsic religiosity has a positive influence on depression-happiness scale (β = 0.276, 95% CI [0.168, 0.373], p < 0.001) and gratitude (β = 0.337, 95% CI [0.205, 0.466], p < 0.001); Moreover, (iii) gratitude has a positive influence on depression-happiness scale (β = 0.381, 95% CI [0.280, 0.491], p < 0.001); Finally, (iv) the study revealed that gratitude mediates the relationship between intrinsic religiosity and depression-happiness scale (β = 0.128, 95% CI [0.071, 0.197], p < 0.001). The findings of this study suggest that gratitude could potentially play a significant role in comprehending the association between religiosity and the levels of depression and happiness experienced by religious individuals in Vietnam.

Anthelmintic activity and pathophysiological effect of anthelmintic drugs against carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini.

Human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini poses a significant risk for development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Thailand, primarily attributed to consumption of undercooked cyprinoid fishes. The current use of anthelmintic drug treatment such as praziquantel (PZQ), as the main therapeutic agent against O. viverrini. There is a need to explore the efficacy of alternative anthelmintic drugs for O. viverrini treatment. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs, which are commonly use in endemic areas of Southeast Asian countries; PZQ, albendazole (AL), niclosamide (NI), and mebendazole (ME) at concentrations of 600, 400, 500, and 500 mg/ml. The study included a negative and positive control group treated with roswell park memorial institute (RPMI) and PZQ. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, indicative of oxidative stress, were quantified using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining. Morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, motility assessments were conducted at various time points (0, 5, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours), calculating relative motility (RM) and survival index (SI). The results revealed a significant increase of ROS levels with the intensity and corrected total worm fluorescence (CTWF) mostly observed in order of PZQ, followed by NI, ME, and AL, respectively. Morphological damage was presented the tegumental swelling, papillae changes, and disruption of microvilli (Mv), particularly in the group treated with the most effective anthelmintics PZQ, NI, ME, and AL, while negative control group did not exhibit such alterations. Also, the most efficacy for suppressing the motility of adult worms were displayed in PZQ treatment group, followed by NI, ME, and AL, respectively. Overall, first novel findings suggest that apart from NI, ME, and AL demonstrate potential as alternative therapeutic options for O. viverrini infection. Furthermore, animal model is needed to investigate the efficacy of NI, ME, and AL compare with standard treatment.

Disparities in incidence and mortality of hematologic cancers in Southeast Asia: A 2020 analysis.

e23291 Background: Hematologic cancers (HCs) in Southeast Asia (SEA), a diverse population of over 680 million, are still understudied. Data from the 2020 Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) was used to estimate the incidence and mortality of HCs in the region to provide direction for effective disease control and improve population outcomes. Methods: The International Agency for Research on Cancer’s publicly available GCO data aggregates global cancer incidence and mortality. We report cumulative incidence rate (CIR) and cumulative mortality rate (CMR) defined per 100,000 people, and weighted average age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in 2020. Data for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Leukemia, and Multiple Myeloma (MM) in the world, in SEA, and in the 11 individual SEA countries are presented. Results: The table presents CIR, ASIR, CMR, and ASMR of hematologic cancers in SEA compared to overall global data. CIR, ASIR, CMR, and ASMR were higher for males than females in SEA. For NHL, CIR was highest in Singapore (18.8), Thailand (10.2), and Brunei (9.6) and lowest in Myanmar &amp; Cambodia (3.6), and Timor-Leste (2.7). ASIR trends were parallel albeit differences were smaller. CMR was highest in Singapore (6.2) and Thailand (5.9) and lowest in Timor-Leste (1.5). ASMR was highest in Brunei (4.5) and lowest in Timor-Leste (2.0). For leukemia, CIR was highest in Singapore (11.1) and lowest in Myanmar (3.1) and Timor-Leste (2.6); ASIR was highest in Singapore (8.9) and lowest in Myanmar (3.2) and Timor-Leste (2.9). CMR was highest in Singapore (5.2) and lowest in Myanmar (2.6) and Timor-Leste (2.3). ASMR was highest in Lao PDR (4.7) and Vietnam (4.5), and lowest in Singapore (3.1) and Timor-Leste (2.9). For MM, CIR was highest in Singapore (4.1), ASIR was highest in Brunei (2.4) and both are lowest in Myanmar (0.4). CMR was highest in Singapore &amp; Thailand (1.8) and lowest in Myanmar (0.35); ASMR rates were similar. For HL, CIR was highest in Brunei Darussalam (1.8) and Singapore (1.4) and lowest in Myanmar (0.2). ASIR trends were similar. CMR was highest in Vietnam (0.26) and lowest in Singapore (0.1) and Myanmar (0.08). ASMR trends were similar. Conclusions: Despite lower regional average incidence and mortality, significant intra-regional variations exist reflecting disparities in the management of HCs. In addition, while data suggests lower disease burden in SEA, mortality rates are still comparable and in some cases worse than the global average. More work is needed to investigate HC epidemiology in SEA to inform cancer control in the region and improve its blood cancer outcomes. [Table: see text]

LC-MS/MS analysis of didehydrostemofoline from Stemona collinsiae roots extracts in rats plasma and pharmacokinetics profile after oral administration

Stemona collinsiae Craib., Stemonaceae, has been traditionally used as medicinal plants for insecticides, treatment of parasitic worms and various diseases in Southeast Asian countries. Its ethanolic root extract has been postulated for anthelminthic activities which has a potential for development for human gnathostomiasis drug. To investigate the pharmacokinetic profile, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of didehydrostemofoline in rats' plasma was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column using 1 mM ammonium acetate in water and methanol (50:50, v/v). Tetrahydropalmatine was used as an internal standard. The multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantitative analysis. The validated method showed good sensitivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The results of stability showed that didehydrostemofoline was stable in the extracted samples in auto-sampler for 24 h and in the plasma samples under room temperature for 24 h, −20 °C for 1 month, and after three freeze-thaw processes. The developed method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of didehydrostemofoline after oral administration of S. collinsiae root extract. Didehydrostemofoline was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The time to peak drug concentration was 1.75 ± 0.62 h with maximum drug concentration of 1152.58 ± 271.18 ng/mL. Didehydrostemofoline was rapidly eliminated from the body with terminal half-life of 1.86 ± 0.50 h. Calculated drug clearance of didehydrostemofoline was 96.82 ± 23.51 L/h and volume of distribution was 260.40 ± 96.81 L. The present study provided useful data for understanding drug disposition in the body with dynamic time-course which could be beneficial for further clinical trials.

Clinical aspects of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in South and Southeast Asia.

Oral cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) are major health problems in South and Southeast Asia. To describe and discuss the clinical aspects of Oral Cancer and OPMD in South and Southeast Asia. Literature review of concepts and data over the last four decades. Asian countries account for about two-thirds of new cases of oral cancer (OC) globally, with the highest burden in the South and Southeast Asian countries, including Pakistan and India. Habits, dietary patterns, socioeconomic status, and access to routine dental care play a crucial role in defining the demographics and clinical presentation of OC in these regions and significantly influence the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This region sees the use of different types of tobacco with or without areca nut (AN), such as pan masala, gutka, gul, snuff, mawa, and mishri. Tobacco use is high among men in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Maldives, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Bhutan. Areca nut is the fourth most common addictive substance globally and is frequently used in South and Southeast Asian countries, including Southeast China, Hainan Island, India, Taiwan, and the Pacific Islands, and immigrants from these regions in Africa, Europe, and North America. The use of these products results in mucosal alterations with varied clinical presentation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and OC. We discuss here the different types of OPMD and OC, the diagnostic aids and their relevance in clinical practice, and factors that influence their prognosis.

Feasibility, Reliability, and Effectiveness of Oral cancer screening in South Asia and Southeast Asian countries: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

The incidence of oral cancer is significantly high in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Organized screening is an effective approach to early detection. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the reliability, diagnostic accuracy, and effectiveness of visual oral screening by community health workers (CHWs) in identifying oral cancer/oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in this region. We conducted a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, the gray literature of Google Scholar, ProQuest dissertations, and additional manual searches. Twelve articles were included for qualitative synthesis and six for meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and forest plot analysis were performed. Meta-analysis showed CHWs identified 8% (n = 6365) as suspicious and 92% (n = 74,140) as normal. The diagnostic accuracy of visual oral screening by CHWs showed a sensitivity of 75% (CI: 74-76) and specificity of 97% (CI: 97-97) in the detection of OPMDs/oral cancer. Forest plots were obtained using a random effects model (DOR: 24.52 (CI: 22.65-26.55)) and SAUC: 0.96 (SE = 0.05). Oral visual examination by trained CHWs can be utilized for community screenings to detect oral cancer early. This approach can be used in primary healthcare to triage patients for further referral and management.

Unveiling the Impact of the Digital Economy on Future Employment: A Comparison Study among Selected Southeast Asian Countries

Unveiling the Impact of the Digital Economy on Future Employment: A Comparison Study among Selected Southeast Asian Countries

The commercialisation of microfinance: deploying management control to address institutional complexity

PurposeThe study aimed to examine the transformation of a non-profit microfinance institution (MFI) into a hybrid social enterprise, and the role of formal and informal controls in reconciling the discordance between the two conflicting (social and commercial) objectives that emerged due to the transformation.Design/methodology/approachA case study of a non-governmental MFI located in Southeast Asian country was conducted. This case study drew on the institutional logics perspective as an analytical tool to understand the complexity of change and the mobilisation of management control practices to align two conflicting goals at the core of the MFI’s organisational strategies. This study adopted the interpretive approach and relied on multiple data sources, including semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence.FindingsThe application of commercial principles in the operations of the MFI occurred in several phases. First, the MFI changed from a non-profit business model to a hybrid social enterprise, which pursued a double bottom-line strategy. The informal control practices inherent in the organisation’s culture created a high level of social awareness embedded within a social logic. In contrast, the formal control practices were directly linked to the new commercial logic. The synergy between the two logics was optimised by reinforcing formal and informal control practices.Originality/valueThis study offers insights into the role of control systems in reconciling the discordance between competing social and financial objectives within a non-governmental MFI that enjoys substantial financial and nonfinancial support from the government.

An Review: On Nutritive Activity and Ayurvedic Property of Piper Betel(Paan)

Piper betel L.comes in family Piperaceae and called Paan leaves in india . Piper betel or Betel vine deep heart shaped .This betel leaf widely shown in Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries. The oil of paan may be used as an industrial raw material for manufacturing medicines, perfumes, mouth fresheners, tonics, food additives etc. The betel leaves are shows nutritive property as well as carcinogenic property which is very usefull for manufacturing of blood cancer drug which is greatest advantage of betel leaf. Their leaves have been used as a traditional medicine to treat various health conditions. This paan is highly abundant and inexpenxsive, therefore it promotes the further research and industrialization development, including in the food and pharmacuitical industries. P. betle leaves displayed high efficiency on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Piper betel is mostly use to chew with sliced areca nut, slaked lime, coriander, aniseed, clove, cardamom, sweetener, coconut scrapings etc, but less used remedy. This paan can cure many diseases and reduce the oral cancer which actually happens due to sliced areca nut, slaked lime not because of betel leaves.It contains high amount of nutrient like water,protein , energy , fats , fibres ,calcium etc. y. It is cultivated in hotter and damper part incountry following the traditional methods in India on about 55,000 hectare with an annual production worth about Rs 9000 million. It shows antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic ,Gastroprotective , platelet inhibition activity ,Antifertility like other onens properties ,also they shows the antioxidant , antiallergic , anti coagulant , anti inflammatory , radioprotective , anticancer potential like activities .

Economic Institution, Religion, and Economic Development: Confucianism and Economy in Vietnam after The Implementation of the Doi Moi Policy

Among the three borderline Mainland Southeast Asian countries, located in the Indochinese Peninsula, Vietnam has the best economic performance, compared to Laos and Cambodia. The GDP per capita of Vietnam reached US$4,163 in 2022, which was two times higher than Laos and Cambodia. While economic reform policies, political and economic institutions, and colonial history, are similar in all three countries, why does Vietnam have better economic development? Researchers pointed out the economic factors, specifically the positive effects of economic reforms on economic performance. Nonetheless, it is not convincing, while the economic reform in all three countries emphasized property rights, and encouraged decentralization, privatization, and marketization. This study suggested the religious factor of Confucianism in Vietnam that reinforce the effects of economic institutions on economic development, which leads to greater economic performance. The Confucian characteristics of emphasis on saving, education, and following the government's instruction and policies, support the government’s economic reform, which is conducive to economic development.

Cognitive board diversity and profitability – evidence from Islamic banks in Southeast Asia

PurposeLiterature on the board diversity of Islamic banks (IB) found limited knowledge of the “deep-level” attribute. This study aims to explain the impact of the board diversity attributes (education levels, educational backgrounds and the interactions between these two attributes of diversity) on profitability.Design/methodology/approachThe research sample is 37 fully flagged IBs from five Southeast Asian countries, covering nine years (2010–2019). Data were analyzed using the two-step system generalized moment (2SYS-GMM) method.FindingsWe found that the cognitive conflict between the board of directors (BOD) and the Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB), which has heterogeneity in its education level and educational background, positively affects profitability. These results reinforce the resources dependence theory (RDT) approach that having boards with heterogeneous characteristics is beneficial for IB.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study would offer useful information for Islamic banking authorities to revise or formulate rules and guidelines and make a greater effort to implement corporate governance (CG) reform measures by determining educational level and background as a requirement to become a member of a BOD or an SSB.Originality/valueThis paper contributes in three ways: (1) we use the “deep-level” diversity attributes of the BOD and the SSB, (2) it focuses on cognitive conflict in boards by presenting the expertise diversity of the BOD and SSB and (3) we interact with the level of education to evaluate the effect of a cognitive conflict.

Determinants of Foreign Exchange Reserves of Six Countries in Southeast Asia

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the ratio of Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves to the foreign exchange reserves of other countries in the Southeast Asia region and to find out and analyze how the effect of exchange rates, net exports and economic growth on the foreign exchange reserves of six countries in Southeast Asia. Research results show ratio comparison backup Indonesia's foreign exchange against five ASEAN countries other show that reserve average _ Indonesia's foreign exchange has ratio highest with Vietnam, namely 4.10 and the lowest with Singapore, which is 0.37. If seen results ratio This show that from six major countries in Asia southeast Indonesia only be in order to four with backup foreign exchange the biggest, above Indonesia there are Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia, while those are under Indonesia only Vietnam and the Philippines. Based on results panel data regression with using Fixed effect model shows that exchange rate influential positive significant and growing economy influential negative significant. Temporary export net No influential significant to backup foreign exchange in six ASEAN countries.

The role of cross-cultural adaptation in the relationship between leisure constraints, motivation, and travel intention: a case study of Vietnamese migrant workers

ABSTRACT In recent years, the global phenomenon of international labor migration has become a pressing issue. This migration not only contributes significantly to host nations’ economies but also raises complex social and cultural questions, particularly when it comes to the leisure lives and constraints faced by migrant workers. Surprisingly, the experiences of migrant workers from Southeast Asian countries, such as Vietnam, remain understudied and undertheorized in the existing literature. This research aims to fill this gap by exploring the impact of cross-cultural adaptation on the intricate relationship between leisure constraints, travel motivation, and travel intention among Vietnamese migrant workers in Taiwan. A sample of 322 Vietnamese migrant workers in Taiwan was used to test the research framework. The relationships between leisure constraints, travel motivation, cross-cultural adaptation, and travel intention were investigated. Furthermore, the mediating role of cross-cultural adaptation is also identified in this study. By examining migrant workers through cross-cultural adaptation theory, these findings contribute to the body of knowledge in this field. Furthermore, the contribution to practical implications is to increase migrant workers’ travel intention, improve their general well-being, and facilitate their integration into their host countries.

Translanguaging on an English-medium undergraduate research methods course for Vietnamese psychology students learning in their second language: a practitioner enquiry

PurposeTranslanguaging is a language-related pedagogy drawing upon all resources within a learner’s linguistic repertoire, in contrast to conventional monolingual pedagogy. Most research about translanguaging concerns English-language learning in primary schools and secondary schools and overlooks psychology subject matter, higher education and countries in southeast Asia. This article reports a small-scale practitioner enquiry into translanguaging on an English-medium undergraduate research methods course for psychology students in Vietnam and into the usefulness of the Multimodalities-Entextualization Cycle as a conceptual framework for integrating translanguaging into the course.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through semi-structured interviews with students and reflective journaling by the teacher, and the data were analysed in a hybrid deductive-inductive thematic analysis.FindingsThe first theme about teaching and translanguaging consists of the following subthemes: (a) enhanced communication, (b) increased awareness of language use, (c) supported interaction in class and (d) time and workload issues. The second theme about learning and translanguaging is subdivided into the following subthemes: (a) a new approach to learning, (b) beneficial for learning, (c) developing confidence in learning in English and (d) enjoyment of translanguaging. The conceptual framework underpinning the study was useful for designing and implementing translanguaging activities for the course.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to one course and a small group of students in Vietnam learning English as a second language. It addresses limited research on translanguaging in psychology courses, higher education, and southeast Asia.Practical implicationsThe study makes a valuable contribution to the teaching profession by offering practical insights into the application, benefits, and drawbacks of translanguaging for psychology and research methods subject matter.Social implicationsMoreover, the findings lay the groundwork for potential influences on education policy, aligning with broader societal impacts.Originality/valueThe study makes a valuable contribution to the literature by delving into a relatively unexplored domain.

The Role of Relationship between Money Supply and Exports in the Context of Economic Development through Increasing the Resilience of Foreign Exchange Reserves: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries

The importance of building foreign exchange reserve performance is the main requirement in safeguarding the economy in the global order from potential risks and threats originating from the external sector. This has become an important discussion in recent times, but several previous studies have not answered the urgency in building sustainable economic resilience, especially in countries that have economic experience with economic shocks caused by potential risks originating from the external sector. Ordinary-Least Square (OLS) analysis chosen to prove impact of financial stability and international trade on the growth and resilience of foreign exchange reserves as external liquidity for several countries in Asia during 1990 – 2020. The results of this research show that in the long term, both the money supply variable and exports as an independent variable have a positive and significant influence in increasing the resilience of the external liquidity performance of selected Southeast Asian countries. Our policy recommendations emphasize the importance of maintaining the resilience of foreign exchange reserves as external liquidity in order to increase economic resilience in the global economic arena. The government should provide the main focus in increasing policies by increasing the role of the external sector itself through international cooperation.