Southwestern Region Research Articles

Gas well production optimization: Classifying liquid loading severity in shale gas wells using semi-supervised learning

The liquid loading of shale gas wells presents significant challenges, including a reduction in production capacity, an increase in production costs, and environmental degradation. It is of paramount importance to provide accurate and timely warnings of liquid loading in order to ensure the efficient production operations. Existing physical models often rely on assumptions regarding material properties and fluid behaviors. However, the establishment of precise physical models in complex real-world scenarios represents a significant challenge. Most existing data-driven methods rely on either supervised or unsupervised learning strategies. The former causes a considerable investment of time and human resources to generate labels, while the latter demands exceptionally high standards for data quality. These are challenging to achieve in actual production. Most studies on liquid loading adopt a dichotomous approach, whereby the presence or absence of liquid loading is determined. A paucity of studies has attempted to classify the severity of liquid loading. In this paper, a semi-supervised learning-based liquid loading severity classification model is proposed. The model integrates the benefits of supervised and unsupervised learning, enabling the utilization of the entire dataset with a minimal number of labels. The paper also presents a Dynamic Time Relationship Self-Attention (DTRSA) module, which enhances the model’s anti-interference ability against other anomalies and improves the accuracy of liquid loading severity classification. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed model, experiments are conducted on a dataset of 219 shale gas wells in the southwestern region of Sichuan Province, China, within an oil and gas field. The model exhibits an overall classification accuracy of 98.46% in detecting liquid loading, with an earlier warning time than existing physical models.

Effect of grazing hour on growth performance of crossbred sheep from southwest coastal region of Bangladesh

Sheep are small ruminants that require small amounts of feed and can graze on poor-quality pastures, including fallow lands, roadsides, dikes and playgrounds. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the grazing length on growth performance of crossbred sheep in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. Sixteen crossbred female sheep were divided into four treatment groups and randomly allowed four different grazing periods. The experimental design was based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Lambs were initially weighed and grouped by keeping the average weight of the four treatment groups approximately the same. The grazing hours allocated to the four treatment groups were 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours, respectively. During this period, the sheep of particular treatment groups were housed when their allocated grazing period was completed. Empty body weight data were taken fortnightly in the morning before they were allowed to graze. The results revealed that body weight increased with increasing grazing length but the mean difference did not differ significantly (p>0.05). In most cases, the highest body weight was observed in sheep grazing for 12 hours per day. Average growth rates of grazing sheep varied significantly between the 6 to 8 hour and 10 to 12 hour grazing groups. But between the 6 to 8 hour grazing group and the 10 and 12 hour grazing group, the growth rate of crossbred sheep did not vary significantly (p>0.05). The growth rate (g day-1) of crossbred sheep ranged from 22.44±4.75 to 92.00±11.95, highest in 12 hour grazing group and lowest in 6 hour group. It can be concluded that the body weight and growth rate of crossbred sheep increased with an increase in grazing length. However, 10 hours of grazing meets the requirements for their maintenance and growth due to good pasture quality. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(1): 104-107, June 2024

Distribution and modes of occurrence of Nb in subbituminous coal: A case study from the Jungar Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China

Niobium has been considered to be enriched in high-Al-Ga in north China coal and coal-hosted Nb(Ta)-Zr(Hf)-REY-Ga polymetallic deposits in the southwestern region of China. However, modes of occurrence and influencing factors of Nb in Al-Ga-rich coal in North China are rarely reported. This study investigated the distribution characteristics of Nb in the No.6 high-Al-Ga coal of the Jungar Coalfield in North China. The in-situ Nb concentration of selected minerals, including kaolinite, Ti-oxides, boehmite, and zircon, is further quantitatively characterized based on multiscale in-situ elemental analyses, including SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS spot and mapping analyses. The results showed that Nb is rich in the tonstein and mudstone partings among bulk samples and is highly concentrated in Ti-oxides, followed by zircon among the minerals. A certain amount of Nb is associated with kaolinite and boehmite with different modes of occurrence: vermicular kaolinite (65.94 ppm) > clastic kaolinite (25.43 ppm) > altered K-bearing kaolinite (18.11 ppm) > cryptocrystalline kaolinite (17.03 ppm) > clastic boehmite (9.08 ppm) > cryptocrystalline boehmite (7.97 ppm). The Nb-Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf-Nb/Ta ratios suggest that the primary source of Nb in the No.6 coal is the altered felsic volcanic ash and bauxite deposit. The high-Fe concentration in Ti-bearing minerals indicates that anatase may originate from the alteration of ilmenite with a process of Fe depletion and Nb enrichment. The enrichment of Nb in coal is attributed to the substitution of Nb for Ti in isomorphism in all Ti-oxides, high-Ti, and Ti-bearing minerals.

“Ratib and Zikir” in Traditional and Modern Dayahs: A Living Qur'an Study in the Southwestern Region of Aceh

“Ratib and Zikir” in Traditional and Modern Dayahs: A Living Qur'an Study in the Southwestern Region of Aceh

Functional validation of AaCaM3 response to high temperature stress in Amorphophallus albus

Amorphophallus is a perennial monocotyledonous herbaceous plant native to the southwestern region of China, widely used in various fields such as food processing, biomedicine and chemical agriculture. However, Amorphophallus is a typical thermolabile plant, and the continuous high temperature in summer have seriously affected the growth, development and economic yield of Amorphophallus in recent years. Calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+ sensor ubiquitous in eukaryotes, is the most important multifunctional receptor protein in plant cells, which affects plant stress resistance by participating in the activities of a variety of signaling molecules. In this study, the key gene AaCaM3 for the Ca2+-CaM regulatory pathway was obtained from A. albus, the sequence analysis confirmed that it is a typical calmodulin. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that with the passage of heat treatment time, the expression of AaCaM3 was significantly upregulated in A. albus leaves. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AaCaM3 localized on the cytoplasm and nucleus. Meanwhile, heterologous transformation experiments have shown that AaCaM3 can significantly improve the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis under heat stress. The promoter region of AaCaM3 was sequenced 1,338 bp by FPNI-PCR and GUS staining assay showed that the promoter of AaCaM3 was a high-temperature inducible promoter. Yeast one-hybrid analysis and Luciferase activity reporting system analysis showed that the AaCaM3 promoter may interact with AaHSFA1, AaHSFA2c, AaHSP70, AaDREB2a and AaDREB2b. In conclusion, this study provides new ideas for further improving the signal transduction network of high-temperature stress in Amorphophallus.

An investigation on the performance of rice threshing drums in the southwestern region of Bangladesh

This study evaluated the performance indices of the locally developed rice-threshing drum in the Khulna region of Bangladesh. Threshing efficiency, throughput capacity, output capacity, threshing capacity and grain to straw ratio were assessed and data were analyzed using ANOVA as a statistical tool. The study involved the thresher with different engine horsepower capacities (25hp, 20hp, and 16hp). The variables of paddy were two stages of moisture content (14% referred as dry condition and 23% referred as wet condition), four different cutting heights of paddy (25-30, 30-35, 35-40 and 40-45 cm). The values for threshing efficiency, threshing capacity, output capacity, throughput capacity and grain to straw ratio in dry conditions ranged from 97.83 – 98.83%, 1700-2373 kg/hr, 27.75 -36.46 kg/hr, 930 – 1436 kg/hr and 1.21-1.54 respectively and in wet condition ranged from 96.15 – 97.79%, 1168-2167 kg/hr, 41.64 -49.99 kg/hr, 622 – 1280 kg/hr and 1.14-1.45, respectively. It was observed that with the increase in moisture content, cutting height and decrease in engine horsepower, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in output capacity, threshing capacity, threshing efficiency and grain to straw ratio and vice versa. Therefore, the thresher used would be more useful by maintaining a proper combination of machine-crop parameters such as a moisture content of 14-15 %, an engine horsepower of 25 hp and a cutting height of 25-30 cm. Insights from this study can guide the development and adoption of improved paddy-threshing technologies in the region.

Distribution of plant species Iris sibirica and its vegetation affinity in Slovakia

Iris sibirica is a threatened plant species of the Central European flora, but its distribution and vegetation ecology in Slovakia have not been studied so far. Therefore, we aimed to compile a complex chorology of this species and to analyse phytosociological plots with the species occurrence. Our results suggest that Iris sibirica occurs almost in the whole Slovakia, with two distributional centres situated in the south-western region (Pannonian bioregion) and in the southern regions of central Slovakia (Carpathian bioregion), but a higher proportion of recent records was identified in the Carpathians. Vegetation classification using the TWINSPAN algorithm divided 80 vegetation plots into 5 clusters. They were interpreted syntaxonomically as follows: i) Calthion palustris alliance, ii) Deschampsion cespitosae alliance, iii) Molinion caeruleae alliance, iv) vegetation of the successional stages and transitional status between wet meadows (Calthion palustris and Molinion caeruleae) and fens (Scheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea fuscae), and v) vegetation with a transitional status between hygrophilous, fen vegetation of the alliances Molinion caeruleae, Caricion davallianae, Caricion fuscae and mesic habitats. Variation in the species composition of vegetation plots, analysed using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and interpreted using Ellenberg indicator values for vascular plants, showed a shift along the first DCA axis from taxa typical for nutrient-rich and shaded but thermophilic sites to taxa of open and relatively cold habitats on nutrient-poor soils. The second DCA axis corresponded to the moisture gradient, which controlled the pattern of plant species richness.

Effect of Previous Accidents and Near-Miss Incidents on Risk Perceptions of Construction Workers

ABSTRACT The construction industry suffers from a high number of occupational fatalities and injuries, despite ongoing efforts by practitioners and researchers to improve. Overall, the safety improvement approaches in the industry have been reactive with reliance on historical data. Recently, the focus of safety improvement has shifted to being proactive using leading indicators such as risk perception and safety control. The leading indicators are perception-based and limited empirical investigation has been conducted on the impact of previous accidents on the safety perceptions of the construction workers. This quantitative study used survey questionnaires to collect data from workers of multiple healthcare projects in the Southwestern region of the US. The survey questionnaires were developed based on existing instruments and gathered data was analyzed to test hypotheses related to the impact of previous incident experience on the safety perceptions of the construction workers. Analyses revealed a significant correlation between previous incident experience and workers’ perception of safety risk. The study did not find a significant association between workers’ previous incident experience and their perception of safety control. This suggests that workers’ perception of their capability to control safety risks may not be significantly influenced by their past experiences of accidents or near-miss incidents.

Pre-extension demonstration of inter-cropping of improved forages with food and cash crops at Semen Bench Woreda, Southwest Ethiopia

Pre-extension demonstration study was conducted in the North Bench district, Bench Sheko Zone, South-western Region, Ethiopia, in 2020/2021 main cropping season. The objective of the study was to demonstrate fodder production from improved forage legumes intercropped in food and cash crops and to evaluate the nutritional quality and compatibility of forage legumes. Three forage legumes, namely lablab, vetch, and cowpea, intercropped in maize, whereas alfalfa and desmodium intercropped in coffee. The demonstration was laid out in a randomized complete block design with ten replications on a farmer’s farm field with a participatory approach. The legumes were intercropped in maize three weeks after maize planting. The results revealed that maize plant height, maize grain yield, and maize stover biomass yields were not significantly (p > 0.05) different among treatments. However, significantly higher legume biomass yield and total biomass yield were obtained from maize-lablab-based intercropping as compared to maize-vetch and maize-cowpea-based intercropping systems. Similarly, the maize-lablab-based intercropping system recorded a significantly (p < 0.05) higher crude protein yield. The lower legume biomass yields were obtained from desmodium and alfalfa intercropped in coffee. Participant farmers were also very interested in forage production from maize-lablab-based intercropping systems as compared to maize-vetch, maize-cow pea, desmodium-coffee, and alfalfa-coffee-based intercropping systems. Therefore, farmers are recommended to intercrop lablab in maize to overcome the animal feed shortage in the study area.

Evaluation of white seeded sesame (Sesamum indicium L.) genotypes on growth and yield performance in Menit Goldya Woreda of West Omo Zone, SWE

Sesame is the second export crop next to coffee in annual export, indicating the highest 14% of the total world export of the crop. In Africa, Sudan is the major sesame producer, followed by Nigeria, Somalia, Uganda and Ethiopia. But lack of well-adapted varieties are one of the bottleneck production problems that account for low yield and small areas cropped to the nation. Thus it is essential to evaluate such genotypes, which have high yield potential and are suitable to local environmental conditions. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at west Omo zone during 2019/20 main cropping seasons at one location of West- the Omo zone, southwest Ethiopia. The location was Menit Goldiya districts of West Omo Zone, through evaluation and selection of high-yielding sesame varieties. The study comprised of five improved and one local sesame varieties laid out in RCBD with three replications at each location. The growth and yield data were collected and analyzed by using SAS Version 9.3 statistical software. The result of the study revealed that all of the parameters considered were significantly (p < 0.01) affected by varieties on both years. Accordingly, at Menit Goldiya for, all parameters in both years and the combined analysis over the years indicated that maximum plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, thousand seed weights in grams and seed yield were observed for the Humera-1 variety. Likewise, the shortest days to flowering, early maturing, the highest length of capsule bearing zone, the maximum number of capsules per plant, the highest number of seeds per capsule and the maximum seed yield (8.13 Qu/ha) were observed for the Humera-1 variety in 2019/2020 growing seasons. Based on the mean total seed yield of locations and different yield evaluation methods, a high-yielding variety was identified. Accordingly, the Humera-1 variety performed best on both years. Therefore, this variety can play a vital role in food self-sufficiency and food security of the south-western region and it should be widely distributed to farmers of the testing locations and similar areas of the region.

A multiscale analysis of the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions using geo-weighted regression model

It is of great practical significance to explore the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions for the low-carbon development of cities. However, the multiscale assessment of spatial relationship between population, land and economic urbanization and CO2 emissions is lacked. In this study, we first adopted the spatial statistical methods to evaluate the spatial pattern of China’s CO2 emissions in 2019. Then, we spatially quantified China’s urbanization of land, population and economy based on statistical data. Finally, we used the geo-weighted regression model to explore the spatial relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions at the national-economic zone-province scale. The results displayed that there is obvious spatial heterogeneity in the relationship between China’s urbanization and CO2 emissions. The significant positive correlation between urbanization and CO2 emissions were mainly located in the northeastern, eastern and southwestern regions, consistent with the characteristics of the Heihe–Tengchong Line. The uneven development of land, population and economic urbanization would lead to more CO2 emissions. We suggest that China should attend the balanced development of urban land, population and economy, and avoid the additional carbon emissions caused by incongruence, to further the development of low-carbon cities.

Modeling habitat suitability of wild rice (Zizania spp.) to inform restoration efforts in Michigan, U.S.A.

Wild rice (Zizania aquatica and Zizania palustris) has been an integral component of Michigan wetlands for thousands of years, but is disappearing today due to habitat loss. Identifying suitable habitats and associated environmental conditions for wild rice viability is a critical step toward guiding ongoing restoration efforts statewide. To this end, we used maximum entropy (Maxent), a presence‐only species distribution model, to characterize habitat preferences of wild rice in Michigan and identify suitable habitats for restoration. Extant wild rice occurrences were mapped alongside 11 environmental variables using Maxent to determine probabilities of occurrence throughout the state. The Maxent model (AUC > 0.9) predicted the highest probabilities of wild rice occurrence in the western and southwestern regions of the state. Climatic variables, biotic interactions, and anthropogenic disturbances were all found to influence wild rice occurrence, with land cover, lower May precipitation, and minimum winter temperatures having the highest contributions to model predictions. The results of this study suggest that statewide restoration of wild rice in Michigan may be possible, although localized differences in environmental conditions should be accounted for when selecting restoration sites. With further refinement and the inclusion of more key environmental predictors of wild rice viability, habitat suitability models such as the one created in this study may be powerful and effective tools in guiding wild rice restoration efforts nationally.

Integration of ground geophysical methods to characterize near‐surface aquifer zones within an active mine

AbstractUnderstanding near‐surface groundwater storage, flow patterns, surface and groundwater interactions in mining areas can assist in making mining more efficient and profitable. This is especially important in opencast mines affected by water inflows that may negatively affect production and increase mining costs. We map and characterize the near‐surface aquifer zones at the opencast site of Tharisa Minerals, located in the southwestern region of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa). The main goal is to infer pit water inflow at the mine site and determine how it may be better controlled. The Bushveld Complex hosts partially connected and unconfined alluvial, shallow‐weathered and crystalline bedrock aquifers, which are often connected by small‐scale permeable zones. Seismic refraction tomography, multichannel analysis of surface waves, electrical resistivity tomography and borehole data are used to map and understand the different aquifer zones in the vicinity of the mine, as well as infer their relation to water inflow in the mine pits. The geophysical surveys map the overburden, weathered bedrock aquifer zone, and the top of the crystalline aquifer rock zone reasonably well. They reveal extensive and deep weathering, and possible high hydraulic conductivity in the vicinity of the mine. The results provide a better understanding of the mine's near‐surface environment, which could be used to implement effective and targeted dewatering techniques, thus enabling better pit inflow water control to improve mine working conditions and production.

Investigation on parasitic infestation of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) in the south-western region of Bangladesh.

Our investigation focused into Labeo rohita, commonly known as Rui, a freshwateraquatic species in Bangladesh. Despite their nutritional significance, these fish faced a pressing challenge: parasite infections threaten the economic stability of the aquaculture sector. The present study aimed to investigate the parasite and histological changes in major organs of L. rohita, collected fromKhulna region - Dumuria, Paikgacha and Rupsha. About 180 (30/month) specimens were collected between the month of March and August 2023 to observe the parasitic status in L. rohita. Through microscopic examination, a total of 323 parasites were uncovered, spanning categories including Cestode, Nematode, Acanthocephala, Trematode and Digenia, predominantly residing in the intestines of L. rohita. The highest prevalence rate (70%) was recorded in both March and May 2023, with peak mean intensity observed in July (3.73). Notably, the highest mean abundance (2.37) exhibited in July and index of infestation (45.34) in June. Histological analysis confirmed parasitic infestations in the gastrointestinal region, with displaying histological changes within major organs such as the liver, kidney, gills, spleen and testicles due to parasitic infection. This study concluded that the indentified six categories of parasite and the affect of parasitic infestation in major organs of L. rohita within the study period. Urgent efforts to implement effective strategies for controlling the parasite infections in aquaculture to ensure the sustainable production of this invaluable fish species.

Assessment of debris flow risk in Mentougou District, Beijing, based on runout of potential debris flow

Debris flow is a prevalent geological disaster in Beijing, particularly in the Mentougou District, situated in the mountainous southwestern region of Beijing City. The past irrational exploitation of minerals has led to a substantial accumulation of slag, providing abundant loose materials for the formation of debris flow in the study area. Different from the traditional method of using hazard and vulnerability to carry out debris flow risk assessment, this paper proposes a debris flow risk assessment method based on (a) the possibility of debris flow occurrence, (b) the value of the disaster-affected object, and (c) the destructiveness of the debris flow. The possibility of 41 gully debris flows occurring was determined through theoretical calculations. Using the SFLOW model, the runout of the potential debris flow was simulated. On this basis, an investigation of the value of the disaster-affected objects was carried out. At the same time, according to the simulated movement information of debris flow, its destructiveness was determined. According to the results of the occurrence possibility of the debris flow, its destructiveness, and the value of the disaster-affected object, the risk levels of 41 potential debris flow gullies in the Mentougou District were obtained. The research results can guide the warning systems for debris flows in the Mentougou District of Beijing.

Application of Integrated Multi-source Data in Landslide Vulnerability Assessment

This paper employs GIS technology and multi-source data integration methods to assess landslide vulnerability in a city in the southwestern region. The study combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and machine learning techniques, utilizing field survey data and remote sensing information to perform a systematic quantitative analysis of the hazard and vulnerability of landslides. A comprehensive evaluation model was established, assessing the risk levels for populations, buildings, and infrastructure, thereby providing effective decision support for mitigating landslide risks.

Dynamics of the Net Precipitation in China from 2001 to 2020

Net precipitation (NP) is the primary source of soil water essential for the functioning of vegetated ecosystems. By quantifying NP as the difference between gross precipitation and canopy interception evaporation, this study examined the dynamics of NP in China from 2001 to 2020 and the contribution of environmental factors to NP variations was investigated. The findings revealed a multiyear mean NP of 674.62 mm, showcasing a 2.93 mm/yr increase. The spatiotemporal variations in NP were mainly attributed to a remarkable increase in precipitation rather than canopy interception. Notably, climate (temperature, wind speed, surface solar radiation downward and vapor pressure deficit) and vegetation factors (leaf area index and net primary productivity) played a dominant role in NP in 61.53% and 15.39% of China, respectively. The dominant factors contributing to NP changes were vapor pressure deficit (mean contribution rate: −43.68%), temperature (mean contribution rate: 11.69%), and leaf area index (mean contribution rate: 2.13%). The vapor pressure deficit negatively exerts a negative influence on the southern and eastern regions. Temperature and leaf area index have the greatest effect on the northeastern and southwestern regions, respectively. The results provide valuable insights into the pivotal role of climatic and vegetation factors in ecohydrological cycles.

Risk Perceptions and Vulnerability Assessment: Induced from Tropical Cyclone in the Southern Part of Coastal Bangladesh

The coastal area that borders Bangladesh is extremely vulnerable to natural disasters like tropical cyclones, which cause the majority of the damage and fatalities related to flooding. This study attempts to evaluate the susceptibility of coastal flooding induced by tropical cyclones in the South-Western coastal region of Bangladesh. It also identifies the relationship between the influencing factors and respondents' perceptions of risk in terms of socio-economic characteristics. Data was gathered by using a standardized interview schedule from coastal households of three districts named as South Khali (Bagerhat), Padma Pukur (Satkhira), and Rangopaldi (Patuakhali). The survey was taken through interview to assemble information on risk perception, also explores the impact of flood risk on agriculture, environment and livelihood sectors to describe the most specific vulnerable one of different regions that provides a robust insight of affected residents. Moreover, twenty-one predominant factors in terms of three components reveal a strong relationship with severity to flood risk. Results also indicate that, vulnerability indexes differ significantly (p value < 0.05) in the study areas (vulnerability index = 0.54 in South Khali, 0.77 in Padma Pukur, and 0.74 in Rangopaldi). In addition, disaster vulnerability index differs with different socio-economic and geographical factors which enhance the negative effect of flood for the coastal community. The study also reveals that, the selected area had no adequate dam and embankment, cyclone shelter as well as material support from the government and non-government organization which makes their life risky to flood. The research recommends that, generating different livelihood options, self-organization by different disaster preparedness training program to enhance their resilience, indigenous and disaster risk reduction strategies, build more coastal flood shelters and restore people’s livelihoods by supplying agricultural seeds, livestock, poultry etc. significantly minimize the vulnerability of the affected community.

Effect of grafting on success and survivability of jamun (<i>Syzygium cumini </i>Skeels.) varieties

Jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) is a vital fruit crop for arid regions. An investigation was conducted to assess the propagation success of four jamun varieties (CISH-42, CISH-37, Konkan Bahadoli and Goma Priyanka) in the south western region of Punjab. Data were collected on grafting success, graft survival, sprout initiation, number of sprouts and leaves per graft, graft height, and chlorophyll index. The results revealed that the variety Konkan Bahadoli recorded highest graft success (83.7%, 82.8%) and survival rates (76.6%, 73.9%) during both the years, followed by Goma Priyanka. The var. Konkan Bahadoli recorded earliest sprouting (16.6 days, 15.3 days, respectively in both years) and superior growth parameters, including the number of sprouts and leaves, graft height, and chlorophyll index. Overall, the var. Konkan Bahadoli responded best to grafting performed in March under south-western region of Punjab.

Effect of grafting on success and survivability of jamun (<i>Syzygium cumini </i>Skeels.) varieties

Jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) is a vital fruit crop for arid regions. An investigation was conducted to assess the propagation success of four jamun varieties (CISH-42, CISH-37, Konkan Bahadoli and Goma Priyanka) in the south western region of Punjab. Data were collected on grafting success, graft survival, sprout initiation, number of sprouts and leaves per graft, graft height, and chlorophyll index. The results revealed that the variety Konkan Bahadoli recorded highest graft success (83.7%, 82.8%) and survival rates (76.6%, 73.9%) during both the years, followed by Goma Priyanka. The var. Konkan Bahadoli recorded earliest sprouting (16.6 days, 15.3 days, respectively in both years) and superior growth parameters, including the number of sprouts and leaves, graft height, and chlorophyll index. Overall, the var. Konkan Bahadoli responded best to grafting performed in March under south-western region of Punjab.