Southwestern Region Of Nigeria Research Articles

The potential impact of increased urbanization on land surface temperature over South-West Nigeria

Due to the negative consequences of urban heat islands (UHI) on urban ecology, Identifying the regional variation of land surface temperature (LST) offers a clear picture of the UHI phenomena and will aid in the introduction of appropriate mitigation techniques to address the UHI's advancing impact. Delineating the impact of UHI on land cover changes and land surface temperature (LST) is of uttermost importance due to its dynamic nature. This study makes use of Landsat Images TM, ETM and OLI sensors over the southwestern region of Nigeria, consisting of Ekiti, Osun, Ondo, Oyo, Ogun and Lagos. A supervised classification was performed by creating a training sample from four classifications consisting of vegetation, built-up, water body, and bare surface. Our results during the observed period (1986, 2002, and 2007) shows that the distribution pattern has changed as a result of changing urban surface characteristics and the influence of anthropogenic activities. The result of the research revealed that Southwest Nigeria has gone through rapid urban expansion that is expected to continue in the future, 20% decline in vegetal coverage 15% increase in bare soil amounting to a total of 35% change caused by human activities during the investigation period. The result further reveals the existence of an inverse connection between LST and NDVI with correlation coefficients of −0.8738, −0.8594, and −0.8546 respectively, which suggests that the growth of vegetation in any geographical location reduces the intensity of the land surface temperature over the area, which might be used to minimize the impacts of Urban Heat Island. In addition, thermal and evapotranspiration capacity of water also contributed to the comparatively high temperature. Hence, to achieve the sustainable environment in this region, urban planning strategies that include embracing green initiatives such as planting of trees to improve urban forestry should be adopted.

Interconnectedness Between Culture and Nature: Ecopoetics in Niyi Osundare's The Eye of the Earth

In the spate of global warming that is causing toxic climate changes as a result of the industrial revolution and urbanization that have influenced man’s culture (lifestyle), many scholars and ecologists have invigorated the need to preserve nature via scientific books, journals/articles, movies, novels, etc. However owing to the widely believed complexities in poetry, many do not still realize that poets all over the world (and Nigeria to be specific) have also responded to ecological issues by using poetry to create ecological consciousness. It is on this basis that this paper explores the poetic opus of Niyi Osundare, The Eye of the Earth, as it regurgitates the ecopoetic principle of interconnectedness between man and nature. The study aims to add to the existing knowledge of literary discourses in general. The study adopts a qualitative methodology by collecting data from books, journals, articles in libraries, and cyberspace. The study finds that the collection largely amplifies the degradational state of the earth, precisely in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. It also discovers that the collection shows the interconnectedness between humanity as a microcosm and nature as a macrocosm.

Tree Species Diversity and Abundance of Akure Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to examine the tree species diversity and abundance in a natural forest ecosystem in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Data were collected from a four equal size sampling plot of 50×50m in a permanent sample plot section of Akure Forest Reserve. All living trees with DBH ≥ 10cm were measured and identified. A total of 956 trees were encountered. These trees were from 42 genera and 20 families. Celtis zenkeri belonging to the family of Ulmaceae was the species with the highest population distribution while Sterculiaceae was the dominant family in the study area. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Hˈ) of 3.196 and species evenness of 0.84 were obtained from the study area. The high values of diversity indices obtained indicated that the forest is rich in biodiversity and hence should be protected from any forms of disturbance to enhance sustainability as well as protect the rare species in it from going into extinction.

Optimal Stochastic Forecast Models of Rainfall in South-West Region of Nigeria

Rainfall estimates are important components of water resources applications, especially in agriculture, transport constructing irrigation and drainage systems. This paper aims to stochastically model and forecast the rainfall trend and pattern for a city, each purposively selected in five states of the South-Western Region of Nigeria. The data collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) website are captured with fractional autoregressive integrated moving average (ARFIMA) and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models. The autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) are used for model identification, the models selected are subjected to diagnostic checks for the models adequacy. Several tests: Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Ljung Box and Jarque Bera tests are used for investigating unit root, serial autocorrelation and normality of residuals, respectively; the mean square error, root mean square error and mean absolute error are employed in validating the optimal stochastic model for each city in all states, in which the model with the lowest error of forecasting of all competing models is suggested as the best. The analyses and findings suggest SARIMA(1,0,1)(1,1,0) [12], SARIMA(3,0,2)(1,0,0) [12], SARIMA(1,0,0)(1,1,0) [12], SARIMA(2,0,2)(2,1,0) [12] and SARIMA(0,0,1)(1,1,0) [12] for (Ibadan) Oyo State, (Ikorodu) Lagos State, (Osogbo) Osun State, (Abeokuta) Ogun State and (Akure) Ondo state, respectively. The seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) model was proven to be the best optimal stochastic forecast model for forecasting rainfall in the selected cities. The SARIMA model was, therefore, recommended as a veritable technique that will assist decision makers (Government, Farmers, and Policymakers) to establish better strategies “aprior” on the management of rainfall against upcoming weather changes to ensure increase in agricultural yields for the betterment of the citizenry and general economic growth.

Estimation and Investigation of Geopotential and Scale heights over Iseyin, Nigeria

In this study, the monthly averaged daily mean temperature, relative humidity and surface pressure data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) during the period of thirty eight (1979 – 2016) years were used to estimate the monthly variation of geopotential and scale heights for Iseyin located in the South Western region of Nigeria. The variations of geopotential and scale heights with the meteorological parameters were investigated. The results revealed that the highest and lowest values of geopotential height were found in the months of March and July with 194.2424 m and 157.3922 m respectively while the highest and lowest values of scale height were found in the months of March and August with 8.8946×〖10〗^3 m and 8.7825×〖10〗^3 m respectively. Furthermore, it is obvious that high values of geopotential height were recorded during the dry season and low values during the rainy season; the scale height shows almost close observation. The variation of geopotential and scale heights with mean temperature depicts a direct relationship while the variation of geopotential and scale heights with atmospheric pressure depicts an inverse relationship. In addition, the variation of geopotential and scale heights with relative humidity shows that an almost opposite pattern of variation was observed in the months from May to October.

Faith-based activities and religious tourism in southwestern Nigeria: Challenging factors

This paper examines the challenging factors besetting faith tourism products in two religious centres in the southwestern region of Nigeria, namely The Redeemed Christian Church of God and Osun Oshogbo Sacred Grove.Different world religions are associated with faith-based activities which are sought after by adherents, admirers and tourists. The effects of this tourist traffic are highly beneficial to society, as they stimulate other sectors of the economy. However, improperly planned religious tourism may result in untoward negative effects. This paper employs ethnographic research methods (direct observation, interviews and focus group discussion) to address the subject matter. The findings revealed that the major challenge of most religious activities is overcrowding, out of which other challenges emanate. The study suggested measures to mitigate the challenges. What is new about this study is the awareness it seeks to create about the unique and inherent contents of faith-based activities and how these promote visitation if the identified impediments are properly managed. These findings are invaluable to all stakeholders, namely developers, government and policymakers in the tourism industry, as they re-engage them to revisit emerging challenges in religious tourism development.

Variations of GSM Path Loss Exponent with Propagation Distance at L-Band Frequencies in Different Microcellular Environment of Southwestern Nigeria

Propagation path loss exponent is an important component of system design, and knowing the values helps to avoid surprises when the actual service begins. The path loss exponent is known to be critical in establishing the coverage of any new cellular network. Estimating the path loss exponent of any environment requires raising new data sets, which can be accomplished by conducting experiments. With this objective, the present study reports the L-band signal RSS level measurements of 6 GSM base stations in the urban, suburban and rural environments of Ondo and Ekiti States in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Using a Sony Ericsson TEMS phone monitoring device—connected to a laptop equipped with TEMS software and base station cell reference—and a GPS device, RSS measurements were performed in each sector of the base station up to 1200 m, employing a single sector verification method. The values of path loss exponents were computed from the deduced values of path loss at 50 m intervals up to distances of 1200 m. Close to the base station, the following exponent values were observed—between 2.0 and 3.8 in the urban environment, 2.0 to 2.8 in the suburban environment while for the rural environment, 1.5 to 2.6 we're observed. After the breakpoint distance, higher path loss exponent values of up to 6 was recorded in the urban environment, exponent value of up to 4.3 was observed in the suburban environment and up to 3.5 exponent value in the rural environment. It was also observed that the rural environment presented the longest breakpoint distance of 500 m. The high path loss exponents observed, especially in the urban environment, could cause GSM operators to rethink the margins they have provided. This study is useful for the design of upcoming network systems in these regions and in similar regions.

STUDIES ON MANGE MITE INFECTIONS OF SHEEP AND GOATS IN THE SOUTH WESTERN REGION OF NIGERIA

A 2-YEAR study was carried out on mange mite Infection on sheep and goats in 8 randomly selected towns in South Western Region of Nigeria between January 1977 and December 1978. 
 Şimilar survey was undertaken into certain selected villages as well as the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm between this period. 
 Majority of the goats examined were infected with Sarcoptes mange while sheep were infected mainly by Chorioptes. A few of both the goat and sheep were infected by both Psoroptes and Chorloptes. All the animals examined and found affected were treated. 
 So far there has been no record of this study in Nigeria.

Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network over South-Western Nigeria

This study was carried out to estimate evapotranspiration over the South-Western region of Nigeria, Artificial Neural Network was used for the estimation of Evapotranspiration over South-Western Nigeria. Using a 36 years meteorological data of South-Western Nigeria obtained from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Power data, the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network and Radial Basis Function Neural Network under several Neural Network Architecture was used, training, testing and validation operations also were performed for estimating evapotranspiration closely to the target calculated value. The performance of each neural network under several NN Architecture was evaluated using statistical indicator such as R (Correlation of Coefficient), R2 (Coefficient of Determination), MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). Results present Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network the best neural network with about 70% of its R-values (0.70) because ETo varies in the same pattern as the four of the input parameters used (minimum and maximum air temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed) compare to Radial Basis Network that has 50% of its R-values below (0.70) under several NN Architecture because of the inverse relationship and poor correlation of the ETo and relative humidity. Also, LAGOS and OYO dataset produced the highest performance with an R-value of (0.999998) as a result of uniformity in the climatic trend over 36 years while OGUN dataset produced the lowest performance of (0.467169) as a result of significant variation in the climatic trend over the past 36 years. The study presented here has profound implications for future studies of estimating evapotranspiration and one day help solve the problem of water scarcity and food insecurity.

Atypical presentation of clay shoveler’s fracture: A case report and literature review

Clay shoveler’s fracture causes disruption of the spinous processes at C6 to T3 spinal vertebrae. This is a case report of an atypical clay shoveler’s fracture from Babcock university teaching Hospital ,Ogun-state, Nigeria. It involved a 62-year-old male travelling in the south-western region of Nigeria who was invloved in a Road traffic accident and presented with pain at the posterior aspect of the neck. X-ray and 3D oriented CT scan confirmed the fractures with lateral views being the most favored. Classical Clay shoveler’s fracture usually has no neuromuscular deficit since it is a stable fracture and involves only the posterior spinal column based on the Denis classification for 3 column concept for stable and unstable fractures of the spine. When a fracture involves the spinolaminar line it’s proximity to the spinal cord and risk of neurological deficit must be adequately ruled out. This report evaluates the mechanism of injury, treatment given and prognosis of the patient involved.

Total carbon and nitrogen stocks under different land use/land cover types in the Southwestern region of Nigeria

Land use systems play a vital role in the storage of soil total nitrogen (STN) and terrestrial carbon stocks and offset of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. In this study, we estimated the overall-ecosystem carbon stocks under different land cover types in some parts of Southwestern Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Soil carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were measured at 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil depths for four land covers (forests (FOR), plantations (TP), woodlands (WD) and croplands (CP)). The aboveground biomass carbon (Mg C ha−1) followed the order: FOR (118.19 Mg C ha−1) > TP (64.57 Mg C ha−1) > WD (31.09 Mg C ha−1) > CP (17.31 Mg C ha−1). Soil organic carbon (SOC) and STN concentration in all land uses decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with depth increment. Total SOC stock in 0–30 cm soil layer follows the order: FOR land use (93.62 Mg C ha−1) > TP (60.87 Mg C ha−1) > WD (55.21 Mg C ha−1) > CP (50.23 Mg C ha−1). The majority of carbon stocks in our study area were concentrated in the aboveground and soil carbon pool. Overall, the total carbon stock (TCS) of FOR was 163.67 Mg C ha−1, 152.86 Mg C ha−1 and 107.98 Mg C ha−1, respectively, greater than that of CP, WD and TP, respectively. This result indicated that forests stored larger amount of TCS compared to croplands and woodlands. As such, agroforestry, forest plantations and forestry should be given serious considerations as strategies to sequester carbon. Land use management practices and disturbance history are major factors impacting changes in carbon storage among land use systems. Improved knowledge of these and their spatial and temporal variability is very important in understanding the global change in soil carbon stocks and in enhancing human capacity to implement mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Cooking Energy Nexus in the Policy on Rural-Urban Indices and Climate Change Mitigation in Nigeria

Despite the preponderance of solid fuels as a major source of cooking energy in Africa, mainstreaming their contributions to rural-urban inequalities and climate change in scholarly debates and policy advocacy appears incommensurate. This article engages the discursive reconstruction of the interdisciplinary debate about how energy choices shape poverty incidences and climate change. Emphasis is on the conceptualisation of rural-urban inequalities and climate change in relation to cooking energy sources. How may policy advocacy for cooking energy choices in Africa induce poverty alleviation and climate change? What lessons are discernible from national policies on cooking energy and why the tendency for more alternative cooking energy at the urban centres than the rural areas? These questions are analysed mainly from a systematic review of policy literature and quantitative data sourced from key rural and urban informants in the south-western region of Nigeria, the most populous state in Sub-Saharan Africa. The theoretical foundation is hinged on Rational Choice Theory to explain how individual cooking energy choices can interact to generate often surprising aggregate outcome on poverty incidences and climate change. Evidence mainly reveals that cooking energy choices significantly shape rural-urban indices and climate change mitigation. Implications for climate change and development are also discussed. Keywords: climate change mitigation, urban-rural indices, rational choice, alternative cooking energy, Nigeria, Africa DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-8-10 Publication date: April 30 th 2020

Comparing climate adaptation strategies on technical efficiency of cassava production in Southwest, Nigeria

Purpose. The purpose of the article – to assess the technical efficiency of climate adaptation practices on cassava production in two different agro-ecological zones within the study area to know where the climate adaptation practices are more productive. To achieve the main objective of the study, the specific objectives were stated as follows: (a) describe relevant socio-economic characteristics of cassava farmers in southwestern region of Nigeria; (b) assess the influence of the used climate change adaptation strategies on technical efficiency of cassava production in both agro-ecological zones.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. The study was carried out in Ekiti, Osun and Oyo State in the southwestern region of Nigeria, where two different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) (rain forest and guinea savannah) were chosen for the study. The study used multi-stage sampling procedures, with well-structured questionnaire, to select 150 cassava producers from each AEZ, making a total of 300 cassava producers for the study. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function.&#x0D; Results. From the study, it was revealed that cassava farmers in the study area were relatively young, fairly educated, mostly married, well experienced, adequately aware of climate change, but operated on a small scale. The result on the influence of climate adaptation strategies on technical efficiency of cassava production in both rain forest and savannah AEZs within the study area revealed that technical inefficiency existed in cassava production as confirmed by the gamma values of 0.687 and 0.639 in rain forest and savannah respectively&#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. The study has really revealed diverse climate adaptation options available to cassava farmers in order to sustain its production as a means of employment to the unemployed, food consumption and contribution to the national gross domestic product. Studies comparing climate adaptation practices on the technical efficiency of cassava production in different agro-ecological zones in southwestern part of Nigeria are relatively scarce considering the mixture of socio-economic and climate variables to assess technical efficiency of cassava production.&#x0D; Practical value / implications. The study has succeeded in identifying key factors that will enables policy makers to formulate a sustained policy framework that would encourage the use of multiple climate adaptation practices by the cassava farmers. To ensure sustainability of cassava production, it is therefore recommended that farmers should use different adaptation strategies to climate change e.g crop diversification, multiple planting dates, land fragmentation, use of improved varieties and off farm income activities that would bring increase in their scale of operation as most of the cassava farmers in the study areas cultivated less than 2 hectares of land for cassava production.

Maternal health care services utilisation in the context of \u2018Abiye\u2019 (safe motherhood) programme in Ondo State, Nigeria

BackgroundThe Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) of 2008 show that Ondo State had the worst maternal outcomes in the South Western region of Nigeria. To address this problem, the “Abiye” (safe motherhood) programme—which included community engagement, health system strengthening and user fee removal— was implemented by the state government. We assessed the use of maternal health care services and its determinants at 5 years after the implementation of this programme using a population-based survey. We also compared the results of our survey to the NDHS 2013 to assess improvement in maternal health care services utilisation.MethodsWe conducted a population-based survey in 2016 among representative sample of 409 women who had given birth between 2011 and 2015, which were selected using cluster random sampling. We compared the findings of this 2016 survey to the 2013 NDHS, which contains maternal health care services utilisation information of a total of 434 women who gave birth between 2009 and 2013 to assess progress in the use of maternal health care services. We used descriptive and inferential statistics for our data analysis.ResultsIn the 2013 NDHS survey, about 80% of women received antenatal care compared to 98% in the 2016 survey. Our survey shows that the majority of births (85.6%) took place in health facilities compared to only 56.5% in NDHS 2013 survey, which represents a 29.1 percentage points increase. In both surveys, women with primary level of education or less had lower odds of delivering their babies in health facilities. However, while the 2013 NDHS survey shows that women who resided in urban areas were twice more likely to deliver their babies in health facilities compared to those living in rural areas, the 2016 survey shows that urban residence was no longer significantly associated with a higher odds of facility-based child delivery.ConclusionMaternal health services utilisation has improved considerably following the implementation of the “Abiye” initiative. The findings of this study suggest that with community engagement, health system strengthening and user fee removal for the most vulnerable, universal access to and utilisation of maternal health services is possible.

A Study on Rain Rate Prediction of Southwestern Nigeria

Rainfall parameters can be utilized to investigate the effect of climate change through scientific methods. However, data on rainfall rate exceeded for a fraction of an average year is grossly unavailable over Nigeria’s climate, thereby diminishing the capability of existing models to adequately estimate the effect of degradation due to rain. Hence, more accurate estimation is required for better predictions. Rainfall volume data for six different locations in the south-western region of Nigeria were obtained for rain rate computation using Semire and Rosmiwati model. The curve-fitted Cumulative Distribution Functions were compared with the ITU-R rain rate model (Recommendation P.837-6) and compensation function was obtained using error analysis while the performance was evaluated with respect to existing models using Chi-square, and Percentage Error and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) metrics. The outcome of this study can be adopted for better understanding of spatial rainfall intensity in this region and other climatic zones of similar rainfall characteristics.

Response of the barrier island coastal region of southwestern Nigeria to climate and non-climate forcing

Despite threats emanating from the influence of climate and non-climate forcing on the barrier island coastal region of southwestern Nigeria, the extent of the coastal erosion is poorly understood. We report evidence of coastal erosion and sediment accumulation in the region over a 34-year period (1973–2017), using Landsat imagery at intervals of approximately six years. Landsat image corrections and various water-extraction algorithms were used to systematically delineate coastal erosion and accumulation in the area. The region was subdivided into western and eastern subregions separated by Lagos Harbour. In the west, erosion took place during the periods 1973–1979, 1979–1984, 1990–1999 and 2005–2011, whereas in the east, erosion occurred during 1973–1979, 1990–1999 and 1999–2005. Coastal sediment accumulation occurred in the east during 1979–1984, 1984–1990, 2005–2011 and 2011–2017, whereas gains in the west occurred during 1984–1990, 1999–2005 and 2011–2017. The study revealed substantial net erosion of 1 228.1 ha in the region as a whole, over the full period. Sediment accumulation accompanying the coastal erosion appears to be linked to longshore drift. Erosion between 1973 and 2011 was probably attributable to climate change (storms and tidal conditions), longshore drift, the inflow and outflow of water at Lagos Harbour, coastal morphology and, possibly, human impacts. However, the coastal changes between 2011 and 2017 were more obviously associated with human activities, such as development of the Eko Atlantic construction project. Coastal surveillance, together with the use of environmentally sensitive protective measures, could possibly help to reduce coastal erosion in the region. Careful coastal management practices, including artificial nourishing and the installation of resilient structures (e.g. seawalls), should be undertaken to protect human settlements that are already at risk from sea-level rise.

Clinicopathologic Pattern and Outcome of Management of Pancreatic Carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments in Southwest Nigeria

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are strongly associated with agricultural, residential, transportation, and industrial activities. This study determined by GC-MS the concentration of 15 PAHs in soil and sediments at different sites from the Awotan-Asunle dumpsite area in the Southwestern region of Nigeria, which is one of the largest dumpsites in Africa. The sources of contamination, toxicity and associated risks for human health were also evaluated. Total PAHs concentrations were from 489 to 5616 μg kg−1, and 642–2159 μg kg−1, for soil and sediment, respectively. For soils, the highest values were observed for indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, coronene, and phenanthrene, while for sediments, the most abundant species were pyrene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene. Diagnostic ratios were used to determine the sources of PAHs and suggested that the compounds were mainly emitted from non-traffic sources. The total BaP-TEQ and BaP-MEQ for soils did not exceed the value recommended by the Canadian guideline since the country does not present guidelines. The analysis of incremental lifetime cancer risk was high mostly for dermal and ingestion exposures in the population. This study might provide valuable information regarding exposure to PAHs in soils of a Nigerian community.

Revisiting Causative Factors of Project Cost Overrun in Building Construction Projects in Nigeria

The growing need for construction of all types coupled with a tight monetary supply has provided the construction industry with a big challenge to cut cost. The total cost of construction in normal circumstances is expected to be the sum of materials, labour, site overheads, eEquipment/plant, head office cost and profit but in many parts of the world particularly in Nigeria, there are other costs to be allowed for. To the end user, the added costs are passed on as higher rental/lease costs or prices. The aim of this study is to appraise the causative factors of cost overrun on building construction project in the Nigerian construction industry. This study was carried out using quantitative research method. This involved the collection of data relating to the research study through questionnaires prepared using literature search and carried out among professionals in the construction industry such as Architects, Builders, Engineers, Project Managers and Quantity Surveyors. Random sampling technique was employed in selecting the 156 respondents for the research study within the South Western region of Nigeria. Data retrieved were analysed using Percentile, Mean item Score and Kruskal-Wallis H-test. Findings revealed that additional cost (e.g. variations), poor financial control on site, contract management, previous experience of contractor, wrong estimation method are the major factors leading to cost overrun on building construction projects. The study concluded that construction projects experience cost overrun as a result of negligence in one way or the other by all the stakeholders involved in the construction process from inception to final completion.

Leadership style as a predictor of employee commitment in university libraries in South-West, Nigeria

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of leadership style (LS) on employee commitment (EC) in university libraries in South-West, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 684 librarians from 43 universities in the six states of South-West, Nigeria. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsFindings showed that the level of EC in university libraries in South-West, Nigeria was fairly high (M=2.64 on a four-point scale). LS had a significant influence on EC in university libraries in South-West, Nigeria (β=0.245, R2=0.276, p<0.05). However, transformational LS (β=0.383, p<0.05) relatively contributed more to EC than transactional LS (β=0.183, p<0.05).Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of the study was that the study was done in all the university libraries in South-Western region of Nigeria which may affect the inference of the study results to other university libraries outside this region.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study will be of benefit to academic institutions, library management and librarians on planning and decision making regarding personnel management.Originality/valueThe study therefore recommends that administrators, library managers should adopt transformational LS.