Southwest Region Of Nigeria Research Articles

Taxpayers’ Identification Number and Revenue Generation in the Southwest Region of Nigeria

Taxpayers’ Identification Number and Revenue Generation in the Southwest Region of Nigeria

EFFECT OF TAX REVENUE ON EXPENDITURE ALLOCATION OF GOVERNMENT SECTORS IN SOUTHWEST STATE, NIGERIA

Taxation has been recognized as exerting a significant influence on government expenditures, which constitute a fundamental component of an economy, particularly in numerous developing and underdeveloped nations. Taxes stand out as the primary source of funding for government expenditures. The extent to which tax revenue affect expenditure allocation of government sectors in southwest state, has remained a subject of concern in the Nigerian context. Therefore the study examines the effect of tax revenue on expenditure allocation of government sectors in southwest state, Nigeria. The research design employed in this study is ex-post facto, and data were obtained from audited annual financial reports and budgets of the southwestern states governments spanning a period of forty years, from 1982 to 2022. The study encompassed all six states within the southwest region of Nigeria. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were utilized for analysis. Descriptive statistics, such as minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation values, were computed. Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) and Impulse Response Function (IRF), integral components of time series regression analysis, were employed to assess all study variables at a significance level of 5%. Regression analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of tax revenue on the allocation of government expenditures across various sectors in the southwest states of Nigeria. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between revenue and expenditure profile of state governments in southwest states, Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that government should explore avenues to diversify revenue sources beyond taxes.

The influence of cooperative learning strategy on social studies pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards cybercrime prevention

This study investigates the influence of cooperative learning strategy on Social Studies pre-service teachers' attitudes toward cybercrime prevention. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design of the pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The population comprised pre-service teachers enrolled in Social Studies education departments across three universities in the Southwest region of Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed, selecting intact classes from each university. The research utilized a comprehensive set of instruments, including the Cooperative Learning Strategy Guide and Lecture Note (CLSG), Conventional Method Guide and Lecture Note (CMG), and Attitude to Cybercrime Prevention Scale (ACPS). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. All Hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05. The findings showed that using cooperative learning strategies positively affects Social Studies pre-service teachers' attitudes toward cybercrime prevention. This approach encourages active engagement, collaboration, group discussions, problem-solving, and sharing learning experiences. These results revealed the necessity for tailored approaches to address attitude change effectively. Integrating cooperative learning strategies into higher education can help pre-service teachers take a proactive approach to cybercrime prevention. This will improve their knowledge and skills while promoting a safer digital learning environment for students.

GENDER-RELATED FACTORS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF UNDERGRADUATES IN SELECTED FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA

Purpose: The study assesses the gender related factors and entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students of selected Federal Universities in Southwest, Nigeria. It specifically, examined barriers to male and female entrepreneurial activities in the selected Universities; assessed how entrepreneurship education has impacted entrepreneurial intentions of female and male undergraduates in the study area; and evaluated how entrepreneurial intentions of male and female undergraduates differ in the study area. Theoretical Framework: The study's foundation was Social Feminist Theory (SFT), which clarified the widely held stereotype that women are subservient to men. This stereotype is said to conflict with the innate desire for entrepreneurship, and female students' inclination to start their own businesses may be viewed as a hindrance. In this regard, the study has attempted to conduct a methodical assessment of several publications concerning the relationship between gender and the entrepreneurial intentions of students at particular Federal Universities in the Southwest region of Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: To guide the investigation, three research questions were developed. Similarly, three objectives and three null hypotheses were generated for the study. The study adopted the use of a cross-sectional survey approach, and structured questionnaire administration was made use of, to gather data. A total of 1,820 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and were all recovered for the study. The study made use of a well-structured and validated “Gender Related Factors and Entrepreneurial Intentions Questionnaire” as the instrument for data collection. The data analysis included both inferential and descriptive statistics, such as; Mann-Whitney U Test, Multiple Linear Regression and basic percentages, counts, mean, and standard deviation.. Findings: The study found that female students faced more barriers to entrepreneurial activities than male students. The distribution of barriers is not the same across the two categories of gender. Entrepreneurship education is positively related to entrepreneurial intention and explains a variation in the level of entrepreneurial intention of undergraduate students in the selected Federal universities. Female students showed less entrepreneurial intention than male students and suggests that the distribution of entrepreneurial intention is not the same across the two categories of gender. Originality/Value: The study, recommended among others that; Policymakers and stakeholders in entrepreneurship matters should give adequate consideration and preference to the female gender in terms of training and other forms of entrepreneurial education to foster better intention with them. Nevertheless, the male gender must not be ignored completely as this may result in a viscous cycle; University management, facilitators and lecturers should also improve on the techniques and methods used in teaching entrepreneurship in Nigerian universities to positively impact the entrepreneurial intention of university students; and Management should also use attractive methods and practical styles that will raise the curiosity of students to the field of entrepreneurship..

Socioeconomic features of geese rearing in randomly chosen local government areas of Oyo State in Southwest Region of Nigeria in Africa

Socioeconomic features of geese rearing in randomly chosen local government areas of Oyo State in Southwest Region of Nigeria in Africa

Organisational and technological factors affecting efficient service delivery in trustworthy digital repositories: A qualitative approach

This study was undertaken to identify the organisational and technological factors that affect the efficiency of service delivery in trustworthy digital repositories of university libraries, where digital repositories have become increasingly common. The interpretive research paradigm, which relies on qualitative research, was adopted for the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with nine participants from selected universities in the South West region of Nigeria. The data was analysed thematically to explore the factors affecting service delivery in trustworthy digital repositories. The findings show that both organisational factors (such as standardised organisation policies, stakeholders’ participation and financial sustainability) and technological factors (digital repository certification, technological standards, etc.) have a significant effect on service delivery in a university-based trustworthy digital repository. It is concluded that by adopting these factors, institutions can establish digital repositories that are not merely data storage facilities, but also trusted and valuable sources of scholarly information and knowledge.

Radio’s role in agricultural development: a review of broadcasting strategies for farmer education in South-West Nigeria

Purpose This paper aims to assess the role of radio programmes in agricultural development and enhancing the capacity of farmers in Oyo and Ogun states, situated in the South-West region of Nigeria. Specifically, this study investigated Farm Radio International (FRI) radio broadcast strategies, their effectiveness and how they enhance the farmers’ knowledge, skills and practices. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a qualitative research design, using both interviews and focus group discussions to gather data from FRI radio partners and farmers. Findings Findings indicated that radio is effective in influencing the practices of farmers and helping them adopt new knowledge, ideas and skills. FRI partners use rural radio forum broadcasting strategy. Also, findings indicated that the most effective broadcasting strategy to reach the farmers with agricultural information is rural radio forum. Practical implications The paper includes implications for agricultural development organisations, providing a framework for monitoring and evaluating the impact of their communication interventions, helping ensure accountability and efficient use of funds. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to investigate the broadcasting strategies that are most effective in reaching farmers with agricultural information and the influence of agricultural radio programmes on their farming practices.

Clinicopathological profile and management challenges of congenital encephaloceles in a tertiary hospital in southwest Nigeria.

A congenital encephalocele is the herniation of intracranial contents through skull defects of various sizes. Depending on the site, content, and size, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. There is a paucity of recent and comprehensive local clinical data regarding this anomaly. Understanding the peculiarities, clinical-pathologic profiles, and management challenges will help prevent and effectively manage congenital encephalocele to improve outcomes. This was a retrospective study of all cases of congenital encephalocele managed between July 2000 and December 2023 at a tertiary hospital in the southwest region of Nigeria. Relevant demographic, clinicopathological, and management data were retrieved and analysed. There were 31 females and 11 males. Their ages ranged from 3hours to 24years. Sixteen (35.3%) were delivered in a non-health facility. Birth asphyxia was reported in 5 babies. Few mothers (4.8%) used preconception folic acid. Anaemia (n = 5) and sepsis (n = 4) were the common preoperative morbidities. All patients had definitive surgery, with 18 operated on within the first month of life. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was the most common postoperative complication and was significantly observed in the sincipital group (p = 0.018). Thirty-one patients (73.8%) presented for follow-up after surgery, and the mean follow-up duration was 26.6weeks. Mortality was recorded in a patient (2.4%) due to Klebsiella meningitis. Congenital encephaloceles are relatively common in our setting. Therefore, there is a need to address the associated poor maternal and neonatal health conditions. Early surgery can be performed with a favourable outcome.

Seasonal Variation of Total Attenuation between Airborne Platform and Earth Station in South-West Region, Nigeria

The seasonal variation of total attenuation in the southwest region of Nigeria has been computed using eight (8) years dataset at Ku- and Ka-band of the transmitted power of the radar, transmitted antenna gain and the received antenna gain of the satellite retrieved from the archived of the GPM. The results obtained fluctuates between the seasons at Ku- and Ka-band. From the results obtained at Ku-and Ka-band, the results from analysis showed that the peak total attenuation was recorded between the early (MAM) and late wet (JJA) season when the intensity of rainfall is maximum in the South-West region. As a result, the effect on the airborne-earth station link will be severe which may further lead to signal outage. However, the state where the highest total attenuation was consistent is Lagos state. These seasons and Lagos state must be taking into consideration by engineers and radiowave propagation group when planning and sitting radiowave propagation in the study area.

Barriers to Accessing Antiretroviral Treatment Among Key Populations in Southwest Nigeria.

Background In Nigeria, similar to most of sub-Saharan Africa, the fight against HIV/AIDS is hampered by various barriers. Particularly, key populations (KP) face unique challenges in accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART), attributed to health systems, patient-related, and community-related factors. This study aims to explore these barriers among KP in Nigeria, enhancing understanding to improve ART access and outcomes, thereby contributing to global efforts to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Objectives The objective of this study is to explore barriers to accessing ART services among KP living with HIV in the southwest region of Nigeria. Materials and methods This descriptive cross-sectional study, which was carried out in the southwestern Nigerian states of Ondo and Ogun, involved 4,253 KP attending ART clinics. Using a multistage sampling technique, 219 females and 154 males between the ages of 17 and 72 were chosen. Semi-structured survey questions were used to get information to elicit these barriers. SPSS Statistics (version 29.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for quantitative data analysis. Results Specifically, 48.3% of respondents were men, and 58.7% were women; 54.0% were female sexual workers, and the next highest percentages were men who have sex with men (27.0%) and injectable drug users (19.3%); and 79% (51.0% agreed, 28.0% strongly agreed) concurred that the barriers to accessing ART are transportation, distance, and financial challenges. Patients at ART clinics were generally satisfied with the healthcare and health workers' attitude. Measures to protect privacy and confidentiality were considered crucial by the respondents. There are significant associations between ART accessibility and socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics (p-value <0.05). Conclusion This study probed the complex landscape of barriers to ART access faced by KP in Nigeria, underscoring the critical need for tailored, innovative strategies to overcome these obstacles and offering actionable insights for stakeholders to enhance ART adherence and access thereby significantly improving the quality of life for people living with HIV.

Envisaging the Impact of Entrepreneurial Culture on Venture Creation among Undergraduate Students of Selected Universities in Nigeria

Entrepreneurship is critical to the development of modern complex societies, not just for their survival but also for their long-term viability. Knowing the importance of entrepreneurship to the development of an economy brought about the introduction of entrepreneurship education into tertiary institutions in Nigeria. However, the restricted way entrepreneurship education is usually taught and practised has not helped undergraduates to imbibe an entrepreneurial culture and create a venture while at university. To close these gaps, the current study envisaged the impact of entrepreneurial culture and venture creation among undergraduate students of selected public universities in the South West region of Nigeria. Specifically, the purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the participants from selected universities in the South West region of Nigeria that offers entrepreneurship as a degree programme. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered. A total of 396 copies of questionnaires were returned valid and confirmed as fit for analysis, representing an 88% response rate. The data collected were analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings from this study concluded that students who exhibit entrepreneurial attributes, values, and mindset are more likely to be entrepreneurs than students who do not. This study recommends that universities work harder to promote entrepreneurial culture by focusing entrepreneurship education more on practical application.

The Impact of Destination Brand Image on Entrepreneurial Development in the Tourism Host Communities in the South-West Region of Nigeria

The Impact of Destination Brand Image on Entrepreneurial Development in the Tourism Host Communities in the South-West Region of Nigeria

WHAT FACTORS DRIVE THE MICROFINANCE BANKS’ PROFITABILITY IN NIGERIA?

Banks’ profitability is vital component of economic growth, its significance extends from’ sustainability of banks to macroeconomic stabilization. Thus, this study assessed the effect of banks’ specific factors and macroeconomic variables on the profitability of microfinance banks (MFBs) in Nigeria from 2012-2021. The purposive sampling technique was employed to select 15 licensed MFBs from the South West region of Nigeria. This study employed return on assets (ROA) as an indicator of profitability. Secondary data was elicited from annual published reports of the selected MFBs. Descriptive, regression and correlation techniques were used to analyse data. Findings revealed that MFBs age and size play major roles in the determination of the banks’ profitability; non-performing loans substantially influenced MFBs profitability though adversely. Liquidity rate exerted negligible but positive influence on MFBs profitability. Furthermore, gross domestic product and exchange rate influenced MFBs profitability considerably. In contrast, the Inflation and Interest rate had an adverse but noticeable effect on banks’ profitability. The results provide signifncant directions to banks as well as related policy-makers. Bank management should take cognizance of these salient factors and endeavor to the lower non-performing loans in order to enhance MFBs profitability.

Assessment of Spoilage and Pathogenic Bacteria in Selected Fruits and Vegetables from Retail Sources and Home-gardens

Consumption of fruits and vegetables which are known to be highly nutritious has been linked to foodborne disease outbreaks which constitute food safety and public concern. This study aimed to assess the safety of selected fruits and vegetables from fruit markets and home gardens, within the South-West region of Nigeria. A total of fifty-three (53) samples of watermelon, cucumber, tomatoes and garden eggs were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis. Isolated bacteria were screened for their pathogenicity and spoilage potential using haemolysis and amylase production tests respectively. A total of 146 bacteria were isolated, 75 (45.7%) were from retail samples and 71 (43.3%) from the home garden. The genera: Bacillus (15.9%), Corynebacterium (11.0%), Lactobacillus (1.2%), Listeria (1.8%), Staphylococcus (12.8%), Enterococcus (1.2%), Micrococcus (1.2%), Acinetobacter (3.7%), Aeromonas (2.4%), Alcaligenes (0.6%), Brucella (0.6%), Vibrio (0.6%), and the family Enterobacteriaceae (36.0%) were identified. Isolates with haemolytic potentials were 51 (31%) while 49 (30%) could cause spoilage. The overall microbiological quality and safety of fruit and vegetable samples analysed in this study is low, as they were contaminated by diverse pathogenic, and spoilage microorganisms. The presence of these pathogens in retailed and home garden fruits and vegetables is a pointer to public health risks and food safety threats. Hence, the need for improved hygienic practice through training handlers along the supply chain.

MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE FOR EARLY PREDICTION OF HYPERTENSION

Machine Learning (ML) has proved to be an invaluable tool in medical research today. It is a branch of artificial intelligence that has the ability to learn from complex data, identify patterns and make decisions with minimal or without human intervention. Efforts in this work is focused at developing an intelligent model for early prediction of hypertension because of the complexity associated with the pattern identification of the syndrome. The study acquired data pertaining to the syndrome from selected healthcare centres in the South West region of Nigeria, one of the largest city in Africa. A retrospective learning using ML analyses was conducted on the data. Three different intelligent classification algorithms namely; Gradient Boosting, Random Forest and SVM were used in the modeling. The datasets were trained and tested, and the performance of the algorithms were compared using standard performance metrics of accuracy and throughput. The results from the experiment indicates that the gradient boosting classifier outclassed other algorithms considered in the work with accuracy of 90.17%. The model has proved to be very suitable for early prediction of the syndrome and, will in no small measure assist the medical practitioners in providing quick and more effective way of detecting early the syndrome in patients. This will subsequently lead to timely treatment of the patients, thereby reducing its death rate in the society. Future work is focused at considering complex patterns of the syndrome and larger database.

Assessment of the Impact of a Firm’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on its Profitability in Nigeria: A Case Study of Akure Firms in Ondo State

This study critically examined the impact of a firm’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on its profitability in Nigeria. The specific objective of the study was to assess the effect of customer orientation on the performance of SMEs in South West, Nigeria; examine the effect of competitor orientation on the performance of SMEs in South West, Nigeria and investigate the effect of inter-functional coordination the on the performance of SMEs in Ondo state, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted and the population of the study covered all the 23,289 SMEs across all the states in the South West region of Nigeria; out of which, 393 small and medium scale enterprises’ owners were selected using the Yamane model (1967). An adapted questionnaire was used and it was subjected to a validity and reliability test. Data gathered via the questionnaire was analyzed using frequency and percentage for background information of the respondents and items on the questions, Pearson correlation to show the relationship between the predictor and outcome variable and simple linear regression to reveal the effect of all the predictors on the outcome variable. The result of the analysis revealed that customer orientation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in South West, Nigeria to the tune of 0.302(p=0.000&lt;0.05), Thus, it was concluded that all the predictors (customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-functional orientation) have a positive and significant effect on the performance of SMEs in South West, Nigeria.

Geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in the survival of children under-five in Nigeria

Despite a substantial decline in child mortality globally, the high rate of under-five mortality in Nigeria is still one of the main public health concerns. This study investigates inequalities in geographic and socioeconomic factors influencing survival time of children under-five in Nigeria. This is a retrospective cross-sectional quantitative study design that used the latest Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (2018). Kaplan–Meier survival estimates, Log-rank test statistics, and the Cox proportional hazards were used to assess the geographic and socioeconomic differences in the survival of children under-five in Nigeria. The Kaplan–Meier survival estimates show most under-five mortality occur within 12 months after birth with the poorest families most at risk of under-five mortality while the richest families are the least affected across the geographic zones and household wealth index quintiles. The Cox proportional hazard regression model results indicate that children born to fathers with no formal education (HR: 1.360; 95% CI 1.133–1.631), primary education (HR: 1.279; 95% CI 1.056–1.550) and secondary education (HR: 1.204; 95% CI 1.020–1.421) had higher risk of under-five mortality compared to children born to fathers with tertiary education. Moreover, under-five mortality was higher in children born to mothers’ age ≤ 19 at first birth (HR: 1.144; 95% CI 1.041–1.258). Of the six geopolitical zones, children born to mothers living in the North-West region of Nigeria had 63.4% (HR 1.634; 95% CI 1.238–2.156) higher risk of under-five mortality than children born to mothers in the South West region of Nigeria. There is a need to focus intervention on the critical survival time of 12 months after birth for the under-five mortality reduction. Increased formal education and target interventions in geopolitical zones especially the North West, North East and North Central are vital towards achieving reduction of under-five mortality in Nigeria.

Occupational Wellness and its Determinants among Cocoa Farmers in South-West Nigeria

Occupational wellness is essential for cocoa farmers’ health and productivity since a significant proportion of their time is spent at work. It is a measure of individual wellbeing, focusing on the psychosocial status as it relates to individuals’ profession. This study assessed occupational wellness and its determinants among cocoa farmers in the South-West region of Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to study 244 cocoa farmers in Ekiti and Osun States. Also, the local government areas were purposively selected as being well known for cocoa production. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic characteristics and occupational wellness. Occupational wellness was scored based on their response to eight sets of questions with a 4-point Likert scale response. Association between the farmers’ characteristics and occupational wellness was assessed using Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Determinants of occupational wellness were assessed using quantile regression. The median occupational wellness score was 25.0 (IQR = 24.0 – 29.0). People of low educational status had higher occupational wellness scores, p &lt; 0.001. Significant associations were also observed between other characteristics like sex, religion, marital status, geographical location, farm ownership, and occupational wellness. Farm ownership was also a significant determinant of occupational wellness. The occupational wellness status is due to a complex mix of occupational factors, sociodemographic factors, and geographic factors. Health promotion will be key in maintaining a balance of the mix to enhance the general wellbeing and productivity of the farmers.

TEACHER TRAINERS' DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF INSTRUCTIONAL QUALITY IN PUBLIC COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA

Purpose: The issue of low instructional quality could be responsible for the incompetence of graduates from public colleges of education in Nigeria. This study investigated teacher trainers' demographic factors as determinants of instructional quality in public colleges of education in the Southwest region of Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: The population of the study consisted of 3402 teacher trainers in the eleven public colleges of education in Southwest Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 1358 respondents for the study. Two research questions were raised to guide the study. The instruments titled “teacher trainers' demographic variables questionnaire (TTDVQ) and instructional quality questionnaire (IQQ)” were used to gather relevant data for the study.&#x0D; Findings: The findings revealed that there was a significant contribution of teacher trainers' variables (teachers’ experience, gender, and academic qualification) to the instructional quality in colleges of education (F(3,1354) = 270064.277, p&lt;0.05). It also revealed that females (β = 0.326; t = 5.456, p&lt;0.05) contributed the most to instructional quality in colleges of education.&#x0D; Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Teacher trainers should endeavour and be encouraged to advance their academic qualifications and put in their best to gather the requisite experience on the job for the improvement of instructional quality. There should be a policy from the regulatory agency (National Commission for Colleges of Education) instructing the management of teacher training institutions to take cognizance of teachers’ experience and academic qualifications when assigning responsibilities as regards courses to be taught. This study was premised on the systems theory and it establishes that the interrelationship between teachers’ experience, their gender, and academic qualification results in the requisite instructional quality in public colleges of education. This implies that the systems theory could be applied to similar studies in the future.

Transformational Leadership Style and Employee Innovative Behaviour in Nigerian Banking Industry

This research study investigates the employee innovative behaviour effects of transformational leadership and its dimensions (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration) in the Nigerian banking industry. Data were gathered from 350 full-time employees working in the banking industry in South-West region of Nigeria. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to examine the theoretical hypotheses. The empirical results showed that transformational leadership stimulates employee innovative behaviour. The findings further provide empirical support for the significant role of transformational leadership in improving employee innovative work behaviour. Furthermore, the direct effect of idealized influence and inspirational motivation on employee innovative behaviour is statistically significant at the conventional level whereas intellectual stimulation and individual consideration were found significant at 10% level. Thus, there is need for banking managers to ensure an environment that encourages the subordinates to enhance individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation practices. To identify the needs, desires and motives of employees, transformational managers need to assist subordinates to grow their skills and abilities towards the organizational demands, growth and sustainability. Keywords: Transformational leaders, charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration, employee innovative behaviour. DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/83-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2022