South-South Nigeria Research Articles

Public Health Evaluation of Prisoners' Demographics and Awareness of Communicable Diseases in Correction Center in South-South Nigeria

Communicable diseases are a significant public health concern in Nigerian custodial centers. This study evaluated the public health implications of prisoners’ demographics and their awareness of communicable diseases in a correctional center in South-South Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on inmates' demographic characteristics and knowledge of six communicable diseases. Two hundred and nine (209) inmates who consented were randomly selected and self-administered the questionnaire. The data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. Demographic data, including age, sex, marital and educational status, pre-incarceration occupation, residence, and duration in prison, aligned with the prison registry. Results indicated that all inmates (100.0%) were aware of communicable diseases. Information sources included hospitals/health workers (48.3%), family/friends/inmates (37.3%), books/magazines/newspapers (11.0%), and radio/TV/internet (3.3%). Inmates demonstrated good knowledge of communicable diseases, with 87.1% identifying causes and 56.6% recognizing modes of transmission. Awareness levels were high for HIV/AIDS (100.0%), hepatitis (81.3%), COVID-19 (100.0%), malaria (100.0%), human intestinal parasite infections (66.0%), and tuberculosis (73.2%). Most respondents correctly identified the etiologic agents, though some incorrectly attributed HIV/AIDS (9.3%) and hepatitis (17.1%) to spiritual causes. Regarding prevention, all inmates (100.0%) knew the methods for HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and malaria. Awareness of hepatitis B prevention was 81.3%, while 66.0% and 73.2% identified preventive methods for human intestinal parasite infections and tuberculosis, respectively. This study highlights commendable awareness of communicable diseases among inmates, however, it revealed some misconceptions about its causes, control, and prevention., offering valuable insights for public health programs in correctional facilities.

Determinants of Post Stroke Quality of Life: Experiences from a Physiotherapy Unit Clinic, South-South, Nigeria

Introduction: Stroke is a prevalent cardiovascular system event particularly among people of African descent anywhere in the world. The impact of stroke on the life of survivors is multifaceted affecting their quality of physical, mental and social life. In the last four decades, studies reveal that stroke incidence in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria have witnessed a double increment in incidence whereas in high-income countries this has declined by over 40% within the same time period. This study aimed to examine the quality of life of stroke survivors in Nigeria and understand the factors that contribute to good quality of life among them.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, participants were recruited during physical rehabilitation sessions at two tertiary hospitals in South-South Nigeria. Exclusion criteria included, prior transient ischemic heart attack, recurrent persistent deficit, underlying psychotic and mental disorders, cognitive impairment and those who were handicapped before the stroke event. Tools used for the study were a semi-structured questionnaire and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS 3.0) which measured the quality of life among stroke survivors. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Significance was set at P≤0.05.Results: Most of the respondents (54%) fell within the 56-65years age group with mean age at 59.0(SD = ±9.12). The proportion of the average raw score to the total raw score of all the domains and total quality of life score were all above 50%. The emotions domain had the highest proportion of average to highest possible scores (91%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) between, socioeconomic and demographic factors, clinical factors and home care on the quality of life of the stroke participants were done to find their association. Age (F = 4.9(P =0.001) and marital status (F = 4.28(P =0.007) the side of lesion (F=8.17; P =0.005), having a previous stroke (F=8,08(P =0.005), the type of stroke (F = 11.37; P =0.001) and all aspects of the at home care with the exception of the hospital payment (F=1.73; L P =0.165) were significantly associated with quality of life. Gender F=3.54(P =0.070) and employment status F = 4.28; P =0.137), diabetes and hypertension had no effect on the quality of life of the patients.Conclusion: The quality of life among stroke survivors in this study, was above average. Spousal support, higher educational qualification, ischemic stroke, were positively associated with good quality of life of stroke survivors in our locality. This study adds to the growing body of research on QOL among stroke survivors within the country. This result will also minimize the gap in evidence-based research on the quality of life of stroke patients, particularly in the South-South region of the Nigeria.

Evaluation of Bacteria Associated with Ready to Eat Rice in the Niger Delta South-South Nigeria and Their Susceptibility

This study was carried out to investigate the organisms associated with ready-to-eat rice in Ezeke and Madonna Cafeteria, Catholic Prayer Ministry (CPM) Elele cafeteria rice in Niger Delta and their Antibacterial Susceptibility. The study was done using standard microbiological methods. A total of Ten samples were collected aseptically from different cafeteria to avoid contamination and taken to the laboratory for bacteriological analysis which include microbial count using serial dilution and colonies were counted using illuminated colony counter, Gram staining and characterization. Total Aerobic plate count in Madonna and Ezeke cafeteria were 9.1 2 ± 0.42 and 9.04 ±0.39, respectively. The most predominant bacteria pathogens isolated in this study include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial susceptibility pattern of Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% resistance to a moxicillin, roceptin, erythromycin, septrin, zinnacef .Highest sensitivity was observed in gentamycin. Bacillus species was significantly (p? 0.05) sensitive to septrin (69.2%) and significantly (p?0.05) resistant to pefloxacin (11,84.6%), streptomycin (12,92.3%), erythromycin (13,1 00%) and zinnacef (13, 100%). For antibacterial susceptibility pattern of Gram, negative bacteria. All isolated bacteria were significantly resistant to gentamycin, perfloxacin, tarivid and streptomycin. Shigella species was resistant to all isolated bacteria. Escherichia coli were significantly sensitive to chloramphenicol and augmentin (7.87.5%). Proteus species was significantly sensitive to Chloramphenicol (6,100%) and ciprofloxacin (5,83.3%) This confirmed that pathogenic bacteria can exist in cooked foods even though they may physically appear to be quite wholesome. Proper steps and good hygiene practice should be employed and good measures should be taken to ensure that the occurrence of these organisms in foods is kept within limit to reduce the risk of bacteria.

The radiologic perspective of pulmonary tuberculosis seasonality in south-south Nigeria

Background: The periodic variation in the occurrence of disease within a calendar period is relatively common among many diseases, especially infectious diseases like tuberculosis (TB). Objective: The study is to radiologically evaluate the seasonality of pulmonary tuberculosis in our environment. Materials and Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study over a period of 6 years (2017-2022) with one thousand, three hundred and fifty (1350) chest radiographs diagnosed of pulmonary tuberculosis. The chest radiographs were reviewed by three Radiologists with certification from the Faculty of Radiology of the West African College of Surgeons or the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria. The data was analyzed descriptively using the statistical package for social science, SPSS version 23.0. Result: The monthly time series distribution of the radiologic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis showed the lowest occurrences in the year 2020. The monthly average Seasonal Index of the radiologic occurrence of pulmonary TB shows that the months of June (1.29), July (1.95), and August (2.09) demonstrated the highest average seasonal index. The monthly averages from January to December over the 6 years of the study showed the highest occurrences in the month of August, and the lowest occurrences in the month of October. Conclusion: Although there were inconsistencies in the monthly pattern over the six year period, the highest incidence was in the month of August, followed by the month of July. Thus the study concludes that there exist seasonal variations in the radiologic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Parental Occupational Factors and Academic Qualifications as Correlates of Students’ Examination Integrity in Secondary Schools in South-South Nigeria

Parental Occupational Factors and Academic Qualifications as Correlates of Students’ Examination Integrity in Secondary Schools in South-South Nigeria

Materiality of Place-Making in Exilic and Protracted Displacement: The Context of Displaced Bakassi People in South-South Nigeria

In displacement situations, cultural materials are often immobilised and separated from the people for whom they hold significant meanings. The over two-decade long territorial dispute between Nigeria and Cameroon, thought to have been settled by an ICJ judgement in 2002, engendered the forcible displacement of the Bakassi people from their ancestral homeland, and by extension, from their emplaced heritage. Using ethnography, the article highlights the complexities of cultural preservation and identity (re)formation in the face of displacement. It emphasizes the role of place as a contact zone and critical node in cultural contestation and for cultural sustainability.

The influence of climate change on business performance in the Riverine areas of South-South Region, Nigeria

The global climate change has continued to generate serious concern in the recent times especially with its increasing effect on business and human activities, as can be seen in Nigerian riverine areas. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Climate Change on business performance in the riverine areas of the South-South region Nigeria. The study sought to: investigate the effect of rising sea levels; shrinking mountain glaciers and accelerating ice melting on businesses performance in the region. The study is survey research, sampling the opinion of 253 selected business operators in the area. Their opinion was collected using a structured questionnaire and data collected were analysed by simple regression method. The findings revealed that indeed, rising sea levels, shrinking mountain glaciers, and accelerating ice melting has significant effect on business performance in the region. The study concluded that Climate change in one way or the other affects businesses, economy and business environment. Mitigating climate change, addressing waste and pollution, and ensuring environmental sustainability are among the world’s most pressing issues. It therefore recommended that Nigerian government should pay serious attention to the high rise in sea level through different environmental policies and legislation; government should also encourage voluntary mitigation to reduce emission of greenhouse gases and shrinking mountain glaciers to protect the environment. Also, there is the need for promoting businesses and environmental education; develop and put in practice adequate governance frameworks that enable the sharing and re-use of environmental data to recede or mitigate the effect of climate change in the riverine areas of Nigeria.

High occurrence of blaCTX-M extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase genes in Gram-negative clinical isolates from a Tertiary Hospital, South-South Nigeria

High occurrence of blaCTX-M extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase genes in Gram-negative clinical isolates from a Tertiary Hospital, South-South Nigeria

The Influence of Strategic Entrepreneurship on the Competitiveness of Small-Scale Businesses in South-South Nigeria

The undulating performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria in view of global market innovation and strategies has called for the need to deploy methods that work to enable them stay relevant and competitive. In the light of the above, the study examined the effect of strategic entrepreneurship on small and medium scale businesses competitiveness in the South-South of Nigeria. Three research hypotheses were formulated from the specific objectives of the study. Resource based view theory was adopted for the study. The study utilized the quantitative method that made use of survey approach. A sample of 399 SMEs was adopted with the aid of Taro Yamane sample size formula. Multi-stage sampling method was employed to select the SMEs that participated in the survey. The study made use of the structured questionnaire for data collection. Four point likert scale was used to measure the level of acceptance of the respondents ranging from strongly agree to disagree. The study made use of the Simple linear regression to test the hypotheses. The study found that entrepreneurial education, knowledge and innovation has positive significant effect on competitive advantage of SMEs’ in South-South of Nigeria. It was recommended that education through training and workshops, be provided to entrepreneurs in the South-South to afford them the opportunity to be knowledgeable about how to identify opportunities and innovative through orientation, on how to convert opportunities to new products. This will make them compete favourably with other firms and remain relevant.

A review of endoscopic findings in upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A two-center study

Objectives: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Nigeria. Endoscopy is vital for the diagnosis of UGIB. At present, there are no published data on UGIB in Cross River State, Nigeria. This study aims to report the endoscopic findings in our patients with UGIB in Calabar, Cross River State (CRS). Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with UGIB who had esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed at two health facilities in Calabar, CRS, from November 2012 to May 2024. Patients’ demographics and endoscopic findings were obtained from the endoscopy registers into a spreadsheet and analyzed statistically (using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 software). Summary statistics (means ± standard deviation [SD]) for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables were analyzed. Categorical variables were compared for differences using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 923 EGDs were performed during the study period. 151 (16.4%) of these cases had UGIB as an indication for the procedure. There were 105 males (69.5%) and 46 females (30.5%) with a mean age of 47.5 (SD ± 17.9) years. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (gastritis and benign gastric ulcer – 68, 45%) was the main pathology found in patients, followed by bleeding esophageal varices (33, 21.9%). Conclusion: Endoscopy is important in the diagnosis of UGIB. PUD and bleeding esophageal varices are the leading causes of UGIB in our environment, respectively.

Exploring the Effect of Leadership Styles on Financial Management Practices in Tertiary Healthcare Institutions in South-South Nigeria

Leadership in healthcare institutions has a significant effect on financial management practices, which are crucial for ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of service delivery. This study explores the effect of various leadership styles—autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, bureaucratic, transformational, and transactional—on financial management practices, specifically financial accountability and budgeting, in two tertiary healthcare institutions in South-South Nigeria: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Using a cross-sectional design approach, quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 195 participants from UPTH and 115 from RSUTH. The data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank-order correlation. The results revealed that at RSUTH, transformational and autocratic leadership styles positively influenced financial accountability, with transformational leaders fostering transparency and ethical practices, while autocratic leaders ensured compliance with financial standards. In terms of budgeting, democratic and transactional leadership styles were positively associated with budgeting practices at RSUTH, supporting inclusive and structured financial planning. At UPTH, laissez-faire and bureaucratic leadership styles unexpectedly showed positive correlations with budgeting, suggesting that decentralized decision-making and procedural rigor may encourage employee engagement in financial planning. These findings highlight the importance of adaptable leadership that balances compliance with collaborative and innovative approaches to financial management. The study concludes that healthcare institutions should prioritize transformational and democratic leadership styles, which promote transparency, accountability, and participatory decision-making. Implementing leadership development programs to equip leaders with adaptable skills based on situational needs is recommended. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of leadership styles on financial sustainability across diverse healthcare contexts.

Disrupting Advertising Models: How Social Media are used as New Business Frontiers among Student Entrepreneurs in some Universities in South-South Nigeria

Social media provide platforms for small businesses that neither have the funds nor can compete favourably for advertisement space and time with large-scale businesses to create awareness for their goods and services. Based on the premise that social media has potentials to create visibility for small businesses, this study examined whether students who engage in small businesses know that advertising can help their businesses grow; and how they use social media to advertise their goods and services. These issues were interrogated within the context of the uses and gratification and domestication of technology theories. Data came from a cross-sectional survey of 193 subset of the population that were rando mly selected from two universities across two States in the south-southern Nigeria through multi-stage sampling techniques. One Hundred and Eighty respondents were included in the final sample (n=180). Respondents were (n=101, 56.1%; Males, n=79, 43.9%) participants. Findings suggest that social media platforms foster economic development and define new frontiers for small businesses among student entrepreneurs. They study bears implications for curriculum on entrepreneurship in Nigerian universities to leverage on the potentials of social media in promoting advertising among Nigerian students.

Externalities and sustainable agri-food system

The study investigated the influence of externalities on sustainable agri-food systems. The purpose was to find out the extent to which the inclusion of the cost of externalities in the price of food will translate to a more sustainable agricultural food system. The study used the cross-sectional survey design consisting of 216 randomly selected farmers of agri-food, in south-south Nigeria. A structured questionnaire served as the instrument of data collection. Convergent and divergent validity tests served to test for validity of the questionnaire while composite reliability tests served the purpose of testing for reliability. The study employed path diagram analysis using the structural equation modelling technique to test for the significance of data. The results indicate that the various costs of externalities (environmental, social, health and economic) have statistically significant relationships with agri-food sustainability. The study recommends including the cost of externalities in food pricing facilitating the drive towards a sustainable food system. The study makes a significant contribution to empirical and theoretical literature.

Creating and using Exclusive Technologies to Gain a Competitive Edge in the Southern Region of Nigeria

This article examined the crucial significance of proprietary technologies in promoting competitive advantage among enterprises in South-South Nigeria, an area of economic importance renowned for its abundant natural resources and growing industries. The study underscores the significance of technical advancement in crucial industries such as oil and gas, agriculture, and manufacturing while drawing attention to the distinct obstacles and prospects in the area. Despite making progress, the southern region of Nigeria, known as the South-South, still encounters major obstacles such as insufficient financing for research and development, restricted availability of state-of-the-art technology, a scarcity of highly qualified personnel, and ineffective frameworks for protecting intellectual property rights. The research examined the present condition of proprietary technology development, identify key barriers, and evaluate the effect on competitive advantage. Research indicates that increasing investment in research and development, boosting technical infrastructure, aligning educational curricula with industrial requirements, and strengthening the intellectual property rights framework are crucial measures for fostering technological innovation and creating economic diversity in the area. Keywords: Advancements in technology, Exclusive Technologies, Strategic advantage over competitors, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights.

Hydrocarbon movability studies of Sapele Deep Field, Delta State, South-South Nigeria

Hydrocarbon movability studies of Sapele Deep Field, Delta State, South-South Nigeria

Acute Toxicity and In vivo Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Ethanol Extract and Fractions of Ipomoea triloba by Model Infection and Protection Tests in Mice against Selected Clinical Diarrhoeagenic Bacterial Isolates

Aim: This research work was aimed at investigating the acute toxicity and in vivo antidiarrhoeal activity of the extracts and fractions of Ipomoea triloba, a plant used locally for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in order to investigate its safety profile. Study Design: 20 diarrhoeaic Clinical stool samples were collected and implicating organisms were isolated. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Uyo AkwaIbom State, South-South Nigeria between May 2021-December, 2022. Methodology: Antibiogram, Plasmid curing and Intraperitoneal assay of acute toxicity and mouse protection test of the ethanol extract of plant were carried out on the bacterial-diarrhoeaic isolates. Results: Antibiogram by the agar-diffusion technique indicated a predominant resistance by the isolates. Plasmid curing assessment for antidiarrhoeal activity indicated a predominantly plasmid-borne resistance. Combined antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract and fractions of Ipomoea triloba with standard antibiotic (tetracycline), assessed by the activity index profile (AIP), showed a reduction in the in antagonistic activity and an increase in protective efficacy after plasmid curing. Acute toxicity (LD50) assay in albino mice (15.0-18-0 g body weight) indicated that the ethanol extract of Ipomoea triloba showed relative non-toxicity with an estimated value of 946.68 mg/kg body weight. In vivo antidiarrhoeal activity and protection efficacy of the ethanol extract assayed by mouse protection test (MPT) infection model offered appreciable (50.0 - 83.3%) protection to the bacterial-diarrhoeaic isolates challenged mice, compared with the relatively moderate (33.3 - 50.0%) protection by the control. Conclusion: There is need for further studies to elucidate the active principles responsible for the antidiarrhoeal activity of Ipomoea triloba in order to establish its structure activity relationship, this then can be introduced into the treatment regimen as a plausible remedy against acute hypersecretory infectious diarrhoea because of its safety profile which has been established in this work.

Hepatic toxicity assessment in HIV’s interaction with reverse transcriptase and integrase strand transfer inhibitors at a military hospital, southsouth Nigeria

IntroductionThe use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has made HIV a manageable condition, but there are risks associated with medications like reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), such as liver and renal toxicity. It is essential to understand these risks for effective treatment and case management. Investigating liver toxicity related to RTIs and INSTIs in Nigeria is crucial for optimizing HIV treatment. This study aimed to assess the impact of tenofovir lamivudine dolutegravir (TLD) on the liver function of HIV patients at Nigerian Navy Hospital (NNH)-Warri.MethodsThe liver function of 170 participants was assessed, with 120 on ART and the remainder being HIV-negative attendees at NNH-Warri. The study used a cross-sectional design and selected participants through random sampling. We collected data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Blood samples were taken through venipuncture and stored at – 20 °C before analysis. Ethical approval was obtained, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistical Software Version 23, with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe study found significant differences in AST, TP, Alb, and GST levels between HIV-positive subjects receiving TLD and HIV-negative individuals. HIV-positive subjects had lower AST and Alb levels but higher TP and GST levels. Further analysis revealed correlations between age, gender, and liver enzymes, highlighting the complex relationship between HIV, liver function, and treatment outcomes.ConclusionThe study suggests that decreased AST levels may have a protective effect, while ALT activity had minimal impact. Changes in TP, Alb, and GSTs emphasize the importance of monitoring hepatic synthetic function and detoxification pathways in HIV patients taking TLD.

Assessment of Some Micronutrients and Vitamins of HIV Positive Patients in South-South Nigeria

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection continues to be a serious health issue in most parts of the world, with a global prevalence of 0.7% among adults, the majority being in developing countries with limited healthcare resources. Objective: The objectives of this study was to determine the Iron, calcium, zinc, copper, Vitamins D and B12 of HIV positive subjects compared with the control, with respect to gender, age and with respect to duration of treatment. Materials: A total of fifty (50) HIV-positive subjects and fifty (50) HIV-negative subjects (control) were used in this study. Zinc, iron and calcium were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Vitamins D and B12 was done using ELISA, while calcium was estimated using O-cresolphthalein complexone method. The results were presented in tables and chart as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was done using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the study population, 23 (46.0%) were males and 27 (54.0%) were females. With respect to age, 29 (58.0%) were aged 20 – 40 years, while 21 (42.0%) were aged 41 years and above. Based on treatment period, 28 (56.0%) were less than one year, while 22 (44.0%) were more than one year. Among the control subjects, 32 (64.0%) were males and 18 (36.0%) were females. With respect to age, 24 (48.0%) belonged to age group 20 – 40 years, while 26 (52.0%) belonged to age group 41 years and above. The results obtained showed that Calcium, zinc, copper, Iron, Vitamins B12 and D were significantly lower in HIV positive subjects compared with control (p&lt;0.05). Calcium, Iron, Vitamins B12 and D were significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) in age group 41 years and above in comparison with age group 20 – 40 years. Calcium, Iron, Vitamins B12 and D were significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher in HIV positive subjects undergoing treatment for over a year compared with those undergoing treatment for less than one year. There was a significant positive correlation between Calcium and Iron (r=0.840, p=0.000), Calcium and Vitamin B12 (r=0.744, p=0.000), Calcium and Vitamin D (r=0.825, p=0.000), Iron and Vitamin B12 (r=0.743, p=0.000), Iron and Vitamin D (r=0.765, p=0.000) and Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D (r=0.562, p=0.000). Conclusion: The study concludes that the decrease in vitamins and micronutrients that accompanies HIV infection suggests a potentially important role of nutritional supplementation and good nutrition in the proper management of HIV/AIDS.

Psychological Effects Arising from Weak Erection Among males in South-South Nigeria

Weak erection among male are on the increased and caused psychological trauma to male and also to their female counterpart who could not get satisfaction from their partners during sexual intercourse and it is a disturbing act Majority of the males facing weak erection pass through several degrees of psychological trauma that have affected their biopsychological system including their cognitive response. The aim of the study is to evaluate The Psychological Effects Arising from Weak Erection Among males in South-South, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 480 males who were within the age of 18 to 47 years. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. Each participant had one questionnaire to fill appropriately and independently after instructions were given to them by the Research Assistants. The study lasted for a period of 3 months. The results of this study showed that participants faced varieties of psychological complications due to erectile dysfunction and these include depression (83.3%), shame (83.3%), isolation (60.4%), negative self-esteem (83.3%), (2.08%) said they could not approach ladies of their choice, (83.3%) felt embarrassed, (79.2%) thought deeply and (72.92%) said they could not coordinate themselves. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.

The Role of Universal Design in Enhancing Safety and Accessibility in Construction Sites in South-South Nigeria

The Role of Universal Design in Enhancing Safety and Accessibility in Construction Sites in South-South Nigeria