South Regional Research Articles

Correlation between Oxygen Demand of Nematode Communities with Dissolved Oxygen in the Organic Shrimp Farming Ponds, Ca Mau Province

Correlation between Oxygen Demand of Nematode Communities with Dissolved Oxygen in the Organic Shrimp Farming Ponds, Ca Mau Province

Aspect of ECMWF downscaled Regional Climate Modeling in simulating Indian summer monsoon rainfall and dependencies on lateral boundary conditions

Climate model faces considerable difficulties in simulating the rainfall characteristics of southwest summer monsoon. In this study, the dynamical downscaling of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast’s (ECMWF’s) ERA-Interim (EIN15) has been utilized for the simulation of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) through the Regional Climate Model version 4.3 (RegCM-4.3) over the South Asia Co-Ordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) domain. The complexities of model simulation over a particular terrain are generally influenced by factors such as complex topography, coastal boundary, and lack of unbiased initial and lateral boundary conditions. In order to overcome some of these limitations, the RegCM-4.3 is employed for simulating the rainfall characteristics over the complex topographical conditions. For reliable rainfall simulation, implementations of numerous lower boundary conditions are forced in the RegCM-4.3 with specific horizontal grid resolution of 50 km over South Asia CORDEX domain. The analysis is considered for 30 years of climatological simulation of rainfall, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), mean sea level pressure (MSLP), and wind with different vertical levels over the specified region. The dependency of model simulation with the forcing of EIN15 initial and lateral boundary conditions is used to understand the impact of simulated rainfall characteristics during different phases of summer monsoon. The results obtained from this study are used to evaluate the activity of initial conditions of zonal wind circulation speed, which causes an increase in the uncertainty of regional model output over the region under investigation. Further, the results showed that the EIN15 zonal wind circulation lacks sufficient speed over the specified region in a particular time, which was carried forward by the RegCM output and leads to a disrupted regional simulation in the climate model.

The South China Sea Dispute and Regional Maritime Security: Indonesia’s Perspective

The South China Sea Dispute and Regional Maritime Security: Indonesia’s Perspective

Effect of pregnant women’s knowledge and therapy regimentation towards compliance in consuming iron (Fe) tablets and anemia degree in South Kediri Public Health Center year 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of knowledge and regimentation of pregnant women consume tablets therapy adherence iron (Fe) and anemia in pregnant women in the South Regional Health Center Kediri.Materials and Methods: This study used observational analytic with cross sectional design. The population consisted of 63 third trimester pregnant women and samples taken were 34 third trimester pregnant women who have received 90 tablets of iron (Fe), with a simple random sampling technique. Data obtained from questionnaires, books Maternal and Child Health, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using ordinal regression and logistic regression.Results: There was an effect of knowledge of pregnant women on adherence to consume tablets of iron (Fe), there is no influence regimentation of therapy on adherence to consume tablets of iron (Fe), and no effect of compliance sufficient to consume tablets of iron (Fe) against anemia in pregnant women (p=0.012). Conclusion: The higher the level of knowledge possessed by pregnant women, pregnant women, the more it tends to stick to consume tablets of iron (Fe) during pregnancy. And no regimentation of therapeutic effect on adherence to consume tablets of iron (Fe) in pregnant women.

MANAGEMENT OF POTATO LATE BLIGHT THROUGH HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AND FUNGICIDE USE IN SOUTH OMO ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA

The study was carried out in April 2015 at South Ari district, Senmamer kebele of South Omo Zone Southern Nation Nationality People Regional State to test and demonstrate the effects of integrating host resistance and fungicide application for management of potato late blight disease. In this experiment one relatively late blight resistance improved Irish potato variety (Belete) was collected from Holleta Seed producer Association and susceptible local control potato varieties were used. RCBD with four replications (farmers as replication) were used. A recommended rate of CurzateR R WP fungicide was applied while susceptible local variety developed the first blight symptom. GLM procedures were followed to analyze yield, disease incidence and severity. LSD (P<0.01) values were used to separate treatments mean. Total weight of tubers per plot (kg) was show significant difference (P<0.01) among treatments. The highest total weight of tubers per plot (kg) was given by treated belete (T1) (22.625) followed by untreated belete (T3), untreated local (T4) and treated local (T2) (18.525, 11.875and 10.125) respectively (Table 2). Local potato variety also gave the highest unmarketable tubers weight per plot. The result indicated that there were a significant difference (P<0.01) and (P<0.05) among treatments on late blight incidence and severity respectively. Untreated local variety (T4) showed highest late blight incidence and severity as compare to treated belete variety (T1). The experiment result suggested that application CurzateR R WP fungicide twice on variety belete results in significant reduction on late blight progress, with a corresponding increased tubers yield.

남북한 향토음식에 관한 기호도 및 인지도 분석을 통한 향토음식 상품화 전략 : 서울 · 경기지역 소비자를 대상으로

남북한 향토음식에 관한 기호도 및 인지도 분석을 통한 향토음식 상품화 전략 : 서울 · 경기지역 소비자를 대상으로

The nature of geriatrics

Dr Michael Borrie is the Program Director of the South Western Ontario Regional Geriatric Program and past Chair of the Division of Geriatric Medicine. Trained in New Zealand and Canada, Dr Borrie shared with us his experiences from 30 years of practice in geriatric medicine and his current roles as a clinician, researcher, administrator, and teacher.

Harness Conscious Capitalism to Manage a Sustainable Water Utility

How does your water utility view the service it provides? Does it view the service as a commodity, a right, or simply a public service? At the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority (RWA) in New Haven, Conn., we've started to examine our daily work through a more dynamic lens. We recognize the life force of our community flows through our infrastructure, and we're committed to preserving and turning this resource into a source of greater opportunity for our community. This is RWA's higher purpose.

Diversity of Enset Landraces ( Ensete ventricosum (Welw) Cheesman) in Aleta Chuko District, Sidama Zone , South Nation Nationality People and Regional State, Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of enset landraces in Aleta Chuko district. Accordingly, the study was conducted on the diversity of enset landraces in 125 randomly selected households at five different Kebeles (neighborhoods, the smallest administrative units in Ethiopia) in Aleta Chuko district, Southern Ethiopia. Based on the interview and filed observation 55 enset landraces from sampled households as well as additional 6 enset landraces from un-sampled households were recorded. There were variation in the diversity of enset landraces in the selected Kebeles of the district with altitudinal variation, the highest diversity being recorded in Lelawomerea with high altitude (r = 0.85, p <0.05) and lowest in Rufowayino (low altitude) with relative dissimilarity coefficient of 74%. The result from this study showed that diversity, richness, and evenness of enset landraces varied along the study Kebeles. These variations largely depend on elevation, climate, precipitation, availability of sucker, good management and presence of organic fertilizer (animal dung).

Predicting Changes of Rainfall Erosivity and Hillslope Erosion across New South Wales, Australia

New South Wales and Australia Capital Territory Regional Climate Modelling (NARCliM) project has produced a suite of 12 regional climate projections for south-east Australia spanning the range of likely future changes in climate. The aim of this study was to model and predict the impacts of climate change on rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosion risk across New South Wales using the NARCliM projections to assist the long-term climate change adaptation and regional planning. We developed a daily rainfall erosivity model for Southeast Australia to calculate monthly and annual rainfall erosivity values from the projected daily rainfall data for the baseline (1990-2009) and future periods (2020-2039 and 2060-2079). We produced monthly and annual hillslope erosion maps for these three periods using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with spatial interpolation to finer scale (100 m). Automated scripts have been developed in a geographic information system (GIS) to calculate the time-series rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosion so that the processes of large quantity climate projections are realistic, repeatable and portable. The model performance was assessed by comparing with data from Bureau of Meteorology for the baseline period and the overall coefficient of efficiency reached 0.9753 (RMSE 13.2%). Both rainfall erosivity and hillslope erosion risk are predicted to increase about 7% in the near future, and about 19% increase in the far future compared with the baseline period. The change is highly uneven in space and time, with the highest increase occurring in the Far-west in autumn. The rainfall erosivity is generally higher in summer and lower in winter, with about 10 times difference between February (highest) and July (lowest).

Cancer incidence in Ghana, 2012: evidence from a population-based cancer registry.

BackgroundData on cancers is a challenge in most developing countries. Population-based cancer registries are also not common in developing countries despite the usefulness of such registries in informing cancer prevention and control programmes. The availability of population-based data on cancers in Africa varies across different countries. In Ghana, data and research on cancer have focussed on specific cancers and have been hospital-based with no reference population. The Kumasi Cancer Registry was established as the first population-based cancer registry in Ghana in 2012 to provide information on cancer cases seen in the city of Kumasi.MethodsThis paper reviews data from the Kumasi Cancer Registry for the year 2012. The reference geographic area for the registry is the city of Kumasi as designated by the 2010 Ghana Population and Housing Census. Data was from all clinical departments of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Pathology Laboratory Results, Death Certificates and the Kumasi South Regional Hospital. Data was abstracted and entered into Canreg 5 database. Analysis was conducted using Canreg 5, Microsoft Excel and Epi Info Version 7.1.2.0.ResultsThe majority of cancers were recorded among females accounting for 69.6% of all cases. The mean age at diagnosis for all cases was 51.6 years. Among males, the mean age at diagnosis was 48.4 compared with 53.0 years for females. The commonest cancers among males were cancers of the Liver (21.1%), Prostate (13.2%), Lung (5.3%) and Stomach (5.3%). Among females, the commonest cancers were cancers of the Breast (33.9%), Cervix (29.4%), Ovary (11.3%) and Endometrium (4.5%). Histology of the primary tumour was the basis of diagnosis in 74% of cases with clinical and other investigations accounting for 17% and 9% respectively. The estimated cancer incidence Age Adjusted Standardised Rate for males was 10.9/100,000 and 22.4/100, 000 for females.ConclusionThis first attempt at population-based cancer registration in Ghana indicates that such registries are feasible in resource limited settings as ours. Strengthening Public Health Surveillance and establishing more Population-based Cancer Registries will help improve data quality and national efforts at cancer prevention and control in Ghana.

South Asian Regional Integration – Challenges and Prospects

AbstractSouth Asian regional integration is seemingly confronting many challenges. The aim of this paper is to identify those challenges and also look for prospects. Although regional integration in South Asia has adopted a kind of institutionalization, it is yet to deliver any concrete outcomes. High-politics and the not-so-conducive regional economic structures hinder any effectual culmination. However, constructivism, as a theory, is given due credence in this paper when looking for future prospects. The paper highlights the issues, and attempts to offer certain policy directions by analyzing the challenges and identifying the prospects in the on-going integration/cooperation process.

Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling

Population connectivity and spatial distribution are fundamentally related to ecology, evolution and behaviour. Here, we combined powerful genetic analysis with simulations of particle dispersal in a high-resolution ocean circulation model to investigate the distribution of green turtles foraging at the remote Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, central Pacific. We analysed mitochondrial sequences from turtles (n = 349) collected there over 5 years (2008-2012). Genetic analysis assigned natal origins almost exclusively (approx. 97%) to the West Central and South Central Pacific combined Regional Management Units. Further, our modelling results indicated that turtles could potentially drift from rookeries to Palmyra Atoll via surface currents along a near-Equatorial swathe traversing the Pacific. Comparing findings from genetics and modelling highlighted the complex impacts of ocean currents and behaviour on natal origins. Although the Palmyra feeding ground was highly differentiated genetically from others in the Indo-Pacific, there was no significant differentiation among years, sexes or stage-classes at the Refuge. Understanding the distribution of this foraging population advances knowledge of green turtles and contributes to effective conservation planning for this threatened species.

South Sudan Regional Interests

South Sudan Regional Interests

Análisis de Factibilidad para la Implementación de la Gestión de la Demanda del Sector Industrial

El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de factibilidad de aplicación que tendría la “Gestión de la Demanda de Energía Eléctrica” (GD) en el sector industrial que es atendido por la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centro Sur C.A. -CENTROSUR- de la ciudad de Cuenca, para esto se utiliza como caso piloto a la industria Cartones Nacionales S.A. -CARTOPEL-.&#x0D; El análisis inicia con la caracterización del proceso de producción y la determinación del balance de carga de la fábrica, luego, con el uso de las estadísticas de medición, se determina el patrón de consumo diario de energía eléctrica que hace la industria y la carga en capacidad de ser gestionada. Estos resultados permiten la evaluación económica del ahorro que podría tener CARTOPEL sobre sus costos de abastecimiento eléctrico. Así como también el impacto económico que tendría la gestión de carga sobre el patrón de demanda de la distribuidora. Finalmente se efectúa una revisión y análisis de la Regulación vigente en el Ecuador relacionada con la temática de reducción y uso eficiente de energía para clientes industriales, con el objetivo de evaluar sus metodologías de cálculo y resultados de aplicación sobre la CENTROSUR y en base a esto proponer las modificaciones y características que debería contener una Regulación sobre gestión de la demanda de energía eléctrica para el sector industrial.

Análisis de parámetros técnicos en eficiencia de iluminación para el edificio matriz de la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centro Sur

Análisis energético realizado en las instalaciones de la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centro Sur C.A. de la ciudad de Cuenca. Alternativas de ahorro para disminuir el consumo energético en iluminación. Incidencia del reemplazo de lámparas T8 por T5 sobre el índice de eficiencia energética de la instalación.

Levels of major, minor and toxic metals in tubers and flour of Dioscorea abyssinica grown in Ethiopia.

Dioscorea abyssinica , commonly known as yam, is an indigenous plant in Ethiopia. Its root tuber is used as staple and co-staple food in South Nation Nationality People and Regional State of Ethiopia. This study was carried out to analyze the selected mineral nutrients in the tuber and flour of D. abyssinica grown in different parts of the country for human consumption. Samples collected from five different areas were analyzed for eleven metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Cr Ni, Cd and Pb) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and two metals (K and Na) by flame emission spectrometry. Known weight of oven-dried sample was wet-digested using 3 mL of (69–72%) HNO3 and 1 mL of (70%) HClO4, for 2 h at variable temperature (120–270 oC). The validity of the optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples whose recovery was in the range of 92–105%. The mean concentration range (in ig/g) of each metal in D. abyssinica samples were K (8,469–13,914), Na (133–405), Ca (172–448), Mg (180–354), Fe (28.3–144.5), Mn (12.0–14.5), Zn (12.3–44.5), Cu (7.26–17.6), Co (1.91–8.68), Cr (0.86–3.41) and Ni (2.43–5.31). D.abyssinica could be good sources of essential trace metals to the individuals, more particularly Fe and Zn were higher than the entire trace metals in the samples investigated while Cd and Pb were in minor quantities and hence the plant is free from toxic heavy metals. Consuming 100 g of this tuber per day contribute the following concentration range of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni and Cr in mg/100 g per day: 2.8–14.4, 1.2–4.5, 0.73–1.8, ND–1.5, ND–0.87, 0.24–0.53 and 0.09–0.34 mg/100 g,respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that significant variations in metal concentrations among the sampling sites were observed for some of the metals when pair wise test was made while insignificant variation were seen for the remaining metals. D. abyssinica could be a better source of K, Ca, Fe and Zn to human compared to the common cereal flours (barley, wheat and red teff flour) as well as tuber food products like potato, cassava, yam, and enset ( Ensete ventricosum ), while it could be an alternative source of the other essential mineral nutrients to the individual daily mineral intake. Key words : Root tuber, Dioscorea abyssinica, metals, Ethiopia

Levels of major, minor and toxic metals in tubers and flour of Dioscorea abyssinica grown in Ethiopia

Dioscorea abyssinica, commonly known as yam, is an indigenous plant in Ethiopia. Its root tuber is used as staple and co-staple food in South Nation Nationality People and Regional State of Ethiopia. This study was carried out to analyze the selected mineral nutrients in the tuber and flour of D. abyssinica grown in different parts of the country for human consumption. Samples collected from five different areas were analyzed for eleven metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Cr Ni, Cd and Pb) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and two metals (K and Na) by flame emission spectrometry. Known weight of oven-dried sample was wet-digested using 3 mL of (69–72%) HNO3 and 1 mL of (70%) HClO4, for 2 h at variable temperature (120–270 oC). The validity of the optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples whose recovery was in the range of 92–105%. The mean concentration range (in μg/g) of each metal in D. abyssinica samples were K (8,469–13,914), Na (133–405), Ca (172–448), Mg (180–354), Fe (28.3–144.5), Mn (12.0–14.5), Zn (12.3–44.5), Cu (7.26–17.6), Co (1.91–8.68), Cr (0.86–3.41) and Ni (2.43–5.31). D.abyssinica could be good sources of essential trace metals to the individuals, more particularly Fe and Zn were higher than the entire trace metals in the samples investigated while Cd and Pb were in minor quantities and hence the plant is free from toxic heavy metals. Consuming 100 g of this tuber per day contribute the following concentration range of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni and Cr in mg/100 g per day:2.8–14.4, 1.2–4.5, 0.73–1.8, ND–1.5, ND–0.87, 0.24–0.53 and 0.09–0.34 mg/100 g, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that significant variations in metal concentrations among the sampling sites were observed for some of the metals when pair wise test was made while insignificant variation were seen for the remaining metals. D. abyssinica could be a better source of K, Ca, Fe and Zn to human compared to the common cereal flours (barley, wheat and red teff flour) as well as tuber food products like potato, cassava, yam, and enset (Ensete ventricosum), while it could be an alternative source of the other essential mineral nutrients to the individual daily mineral intake.

PTH-148 Does Glasgow Blatchford Score or Pre-Endoscopy Rockall Score Identify Low Risk Patients following upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage? a New Zealand Perspective

IntroductionUpper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGIH) is a common medical emergency worldwide. The Glasgow Blatchford (GBS) and pre-endoscopy Rockall (PERS) scores are used to predict outcome and need for intervention. This retrospective...

Political Trade Dependence and North-South Trade Agreements

Why do developing countries negotiate North–South trade agreements, when they already enjoy preferential market access to developed-country markets? Most developing countries benefit from the generalized system of preferences (GSP) and related schemes when they export to the United States, the EU, and other developed economies. And yet, many pursue fully reciprocal agreements that require major concessions to the developed partner. We argue that this is due to the nature of the GSP as a unilateral concession that can be (and often is) taken away. High dependence on unilateral, removable preferences generates “political trade dependence” (PTD). We distinguish PTD from standard measures of trade dependence, and we explain why PTD motivates developing countries to seek North–South Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). We show the effects of PTD with a selection of illustrative cases and test our hypothesis on a data set of EU and US trade agreements with developing countries. We find robust statistical support for our hypothesis that high and rising levels of PTD make the negotiation of a North–South RTA more likely.