The prevailing imbalances and tensions in the Asian Continent may be exponentially increased by two key factors: the poor management of water resources; and the expansion in the consumption of drinking water. So far, water scarcity has only released some animosity. Nonetheless, in the future, this competition may escalate and lead the States of the region to armed conflicts. With this essay, we intend to explain and connect the central role that the Tibetan Plateau plays in the future of South and Southeast Asia, mainly because of its location and configuration. In fact, the largest and most important rivers in Asia are located in this region ― China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal, Cambodia, Pakistan, Laos, Thailand ― where about 50% of the world’s population lives. We pay special attention to the Brahmaputra River, which traverses the two most influential actors in the region: China and India. In our research, we try to emphasize that China, mainly because of its privileged location, is able to assert its power and safeguard its own interests in the region. The ‘South–North Water Transfer Project’ will enable significant transfers between distant watersheds in China, shifting great amounts of water from the Brahmaputra River to the arid northern region of the country. This project can trigger dramatic consequences for countries downstream of the river, especially India and Bangladesh. The project will start in the Brahmaputra ‘Great Bend’, near the Arunachal Pradesh region, one of the most militarized regions in the world due to a remaining border dispute between China and India. The combination of all these factors counts and justifies the study and careful monitoring of this Southeast Asian region, as the outbreak of an armed conflict will necessarily have a global impact.