South North Korean Research Articles

The Acoustic Differences in the Production of English and Korean Lateral /l/in the Word-initial Position by American English and South-North Korean Speakers

The Acoustic Differences in the Production of English and Korean Lateral /l/in the Word-initial Position by American English and South-North Korean Speakers

북한이탈주민과 남한주민 간의 갈등대처방식에 영향을 주는 요인에 관한 연구: 상호문화역량의 영향을 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to understand the conflict experiences and conflict management styles encountered by South Korean and North Korean defectors in the community and to explore alternatives for social integration. We analyzed that the relationship between North Korean defectors and South Korean residents, including conflict experiences, coping types in neighboring and social life areas, and intercultural competencies. It was found that North Korean defectors were more aware of conflicts than South Korean residents. It was confirmed that both South and North Korean residents predominantly chose the problem-solving method as one of the conflict management styles, while North Korean defectors favored the dominating method more than South Koreans. The conflict management style of the dominating method was influenced by the comfort of relationships, language and cultural differences, and the mutual respect capabilities of cultural competencies. The problem-solving method was influenced by conflict management, respect, and reflection capabilities amidst cultural differences and intercultural competencies. Based on these research results, a proposal was formulated for a detailed application of intercultural competencies in social welfare practice to enhance social integration and a specific approach for a resident awareness improvement program.

남북음악교류와 한반도 대중음악의 감성정치

In the wake of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, inter-Korean musical exchanges featuring reciprocal performances by South and North Korean performing arts troupes resumed after a hiatus of 16 years. Such exchanges began in 1985, serving as peace events affirming ethnic homogeneity and persisted intermittently, subject to interruption by conflict between the two Koreas arising from domestic or international political contexts. However, the 2018 inter-Korea performance deviated from earlier programs of gugak, traditional Korean music from the South and minjok eumak, ethnic music from the North, which had long been highlighted in previous peace events, and instead brought popular music from both sides to the forefront. This change demands closer examination and discussion.
 Since 1999, other than events primarily organized by broadcasting companies visiting North Korea, there have been no instances of the complete absence of traditional music, which represents the exclusion of national music in favor of popular music.
 This study initially examines the trajectory of South-North Korean musical exchange, then discuss the meaning of ‘ethnic’ music and the collective sentiments of popular music in the context of 21st-century Korean Peninsula Cold War politics, The allocation of meanings relation to ‘ethnicity,’ ‘nation,’ and ‘peace’ to the popular music in the nation-led South-North Korean musical exchange symbolically signifies the position of popular music in the 21st century Korean Peninsula. Consequently, the 2018 musical exchange became an event that both the elevated status of popular music, which had previously occupied a lowest position within the hierarchy of music genres in the 20th century Korean Peninsula, and effectively reflected shifts in attitudes and sentiments toward popular music.

우리말 문장 부호의 변천 연구(Ⅰ)

The purpose of this study is to establish a solid foundation for Pu nctuation marks to be recognized as an integral part of Korean Ling uistic rules. I would like to clarify the diachronic process of Punctu ation marks and the synchronic characteristics of Punctuation mark s in South-Korean, North-Korean, and Chinese-Korean. Even after t he creation of Hunminjeongeum, the Punctuation marks used in the existing Chinese literature were used as they were. At the end of th e 19th century, with the introduction of Western punctuation marks, it began to be used in publications and prints. In 1933, the Hangeul Society's <Korean Spelling Unification Plan> was announced, and the standards for Punctuation marks were established. However, as the Korean Peninsula was divided, South Korea and North Korea revised to different Linguistic Rules, leading to the development of their Pu nctuation Marks. In a follow-up paper, I will try to compare and an alyze the definition of each item and how to use it presented in the Punctuation marks of South-North Korean and Chinese-Korean.

광복 이후 북한 문단의 소설과 시에 나타난 술의 양태

The purpose of this paper is to find literary motifs that South Korean and North Korean literature can handle together even under different political systems. Previous studies have generally tended to focus on examining how the literature of present-day South Korea differs from that of North Korea when identifying certain aspects of North Korean socialist literature. The goal of this paper is to find out what literary motifs the literature of North and South Korea can nevertheless share. To this end, we looked into which materials most honestly reveal the instinctive side of humans as research subjects. It is considered to be none other than the alcohol and drinking culture that the South and the North have side by side. In other words, it is believed that Korean alcohol and its culture, which originated from myth, will be an excellent material that both South and North Korea can empathize with as human beings even today, without any special interpretation, and can be reinterpreted in a modern way. Accordingly, among the literary works published in North Korea from 1948 to the early 2000s, medium and short stories and poetry were the focus of the study. This period was a period in which division was solidified on the Korean Peninsula for nearly 70 years. According to the research method, the period was divided into four sections: liberation and the establishment of North Korea's independent government, the Korean War and post-war recovery, the Chollima Movement, and the Juche ideology and Juche period. This is because North Korean literature is inseparable from the transformation of the political system. In conclusion, we analyzed North Korea's political system and reality through the socialist constitution that North Korea advocates, and explained how the element of alcohol appears in North Korean literature as a factor that prevents us from losing humanity and humanity, which literature generally pursues. Next, the symbolic nature of alcohol was identified as a common literary motif that can be shared between South and North Korea.

북한이탈주민의 정착을 위한 시 쓰기 수업의 현상학적 연구

The purpose of this study is to phenomenologically examine the effect of poetry writing classes for North Korean defectors and residents of Pyeongtaek belonging to the Hana Center in southern Gyeonggi Province on the settlement of North Korean defectors in the community. This study is a small group in which seven South Koreans and four North Korean defectors participate together, and a total of nine classes were conducted once a week, 120 minutes per session. Each time, topics were presented, and individual-centered poetry writing classes were conducted according to the topic. More than 90% of the participants participated in this study, and each session was conducted by reading the poem they wrote and conveying the story and contents of writing the poem. After the course, the results were analyzed through a survey. Poetry writing classes involving South Koreans and North Korean defectors contributed to enhancing their understanding of each other, raising self-esteem for North Korean defectors, and raising confidence in community settlement by eliminating mental distance from South Koreans.

The Perception of the Unified South-North Korean Women’s Ice Hockey Team for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games among Young Adults in South Korea

The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean young adults’ perceptions about the formation process of North and South Korean unified women’s ice hockey team for 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games in South Korea. Q-method was used to analyze perceptions about the formation process of the unified ice hockey team. Q-statements were distributed to 42 people in their 20s and 30s in Seoul, South Korea. Distribution of Q-statements was analyzed using Qunal program. We found three types of perception: 1) athletic sacrifice forcing type, a recognition that the formation process of the unified ice hockey team was used for political purpose and a promotional tool for the Olympic Games; 2) inter-Korean exchange development type, a conception that the unified ice hockey team positively contributed to the promotion of exchange of North and South Korea, economic cooperation, peace, and harmony; and 3) political purposes pursuit type, a perception that the formation of the unified ice hockey team was primarily used to achieve political and diplomatic goals and that the media mainly conveyed positive aspect of the unified team for this purpose. The use of sports for political and diplomatic purpose is likely to increase in the future. Perception types among Korean adults in their 20s and 30s are likely to be mixed in the future. Therefore, it is important to promote consensus among Koreans regarding the formation of a South and North Korean unified team in the future.

Routes Out of Child Abuse to School Adjustments: A Comparison Between North Korean Adolescent Refugees and Native South Korean Adolescents.

This study aimed to examine pathways from child abuse to school adjustment and the roles of self-control and academic stress on the link among North Korean adolescent refugees living in South Korea and native South Korean adolescents. A total of 610 students (adolescents from South Korea = 325 and adolescents from North Korea = 285) living in South Korea, from juniors in middle schools to seniors in high schools, were interviewed in 2017. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to examine differences in the country of origin on the pathways from abuse to school adjustment via self-control and academic stress. North Korean adolescent refugees were less likely to adjust to their school life than South Korean adolescents. Academic stress was found as a significant mediator between self-control and school adjustment in both South Korean and North Korean adolescents. Child abuse was associated with self-control of South Korean adolescents. Childhood abuse from parents can have an overall influence on individual characteristics and school life for adolescents. By paying attention to this process, comprehensive solutions are urgently required not only to intervene in the problem of abusive parenting behaviors but also to block the path of the expanding negative consequences among both groups of adolescents.

A Study on Implementation Plan for the South-North Korean Unification and Security Strategy

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to think about the benefits and gains which unification will bring about in our reality as divided nations, understand the legitimacy for unification, and devised a strategy for preparing for unification. The purpose is to establish values and a desirable attitude towards the state while preparing for unification and analyzing the stature and future of the Republic of Korea. Method: In order to come up with the legitimacy of unification, strategy, and what we need to do to prepare for unification, references such as books, academic journals, and dissertations related to unification were examined, and in order to derive empirical data for the stature of South Korea and the future, empirical studies were conducted for news and government data, etc. Results: The strategy to prepare for unification is to induce North Korea not to make unreasonable demands by maintaining a strong security arrangement, such as by securing regular and irregular warfare capabilities, strengthening the ROK-U.S. alliance and joint operational capabilities, and adhering to firm principles rather than a principle of less appeasement policy not to mislead the public s perception of North Korea. Unification requires an agreement between the two Koreas, yet what is clear is that unification must be liberal and democratic based on a market economy, and it is also necessary to reach a national consensus. Furthermore, while expanding the breadth of mutual understanding between the two Koreas, close friendly and cooperative relations with neighboring countries must also be maintained. Conclusion: Most of the people have a negative perception towards unification, and the MZ generation even demonstrate a cynical attitude towards North Korea. However, unification must be achieved in order to pursue development and prosperity while continuing the historical legitimacy of our people, and for stability in Northeast Asia and the world peace. In the process of pursuing unification, it should serve as an opportunity to properly establish the ‘view of state’ as well as the ‘view of unification’ or ‘view of security’ which have not been fully established in the consciousness of the people.

Южно-кёнсанский консонантизм в контексте диалектов корейского языка и языков алтайской макросемьи

This paper compares the data of our acoustic study on the South Kyungsang Korean consonant system with information about consonants of other Korean language dialects (North Korean, Seoul Korean, and Jeju Korean) and languages of hypothetic Altaic language family (Turkic languages of Siberia: Altaic, Teleut, Telengit, Kumandin, Tubin, Chelkan, Shor, Baraba-Tatar, Yakut, Dolgan) found in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study was to reveal the specifics of the South Kyungsang Korean consonant system within the system of Korean dialects and in comparison with the languages of the Altaic language family using comparative and typological analysis. The material of our study includes 1050 Korean words recorded on a voice recorder from 10 speakers of South Kyungsang Korean. Following the methodology used at the Laboratory of experimental phonetic studies of the Institute of Philology, SB RAS, each word was pronounced by each of the informants four times. We analyzed only the second and the third repetitions in the computer program Speech Analyzer, taking into account the data of oscillograms, spectrograms, f0, and intensity. We have noticed the similarity of the South Kyungsang consonant system with the consonant system of North Korean dialects, suggesting that the South Kyungsang and North Korean dialects have preserved some elements of the ancient Korean language. In addition, we have found the similarity with some consonant systems of Turkic languages due to the opposition of noisy consonants on a quantitative basis and to the blurred boundaries between sonority and noisiness.

Community-based art therapy for the coexistence of South Korean Youth and North Korean youth defectors: A phenomenological study

The existentialist philosopher Martin Buber argued that I, Thou, and We connect organically through dialogue and that coexistence is necessary for an authentic existence. However, coexisting with others entails challenges, especially when there are tremendous cultural differences, as with South Korean youth and North Korean youth defectors. Therefore, this phenomenological study investigates how the two groups of adolescents—two South Korean teenagers and six young North Korean defectors—from conflicting cultural backgrounds learned to coexist through a community-based art therapy project. Together, they completed a symbolic collaborative artwork called The Village-Making Project in a semester-long afterschool program. As a result, the participants’ lived experiences were categorized into three themes and seven subthemes to show related phenomena: (a) looking at the familiar self from a new perspective, (b) understanding others by defining myself, and (c) developing We through coordination and reconciliation. The researchers discuss the meaning of community from an existential standpoint and the therapeutic role of the arts in helping community members coexist.

Media Framing in South Korean Drama “Crash Landing on You” towards North Korea

The Korean Wave or well known as Hallyu has become more popular time by times. It shows when the entertainment industry could reach overseas audience and the example is through K-Drama called “Crash Landing on You”. This drama caught the audience attention by the story that they offers and this drama involving the story about South Korea and North Korea that also received several criticism from South Korean and North Korean audience about the story that the drama offers. This journal will discuss about the framing in the drama based on Goffman and Entman perspective and what kind of framing that they implement in this drama.
 Keyword: Benefits of Concept Framing, Crash Landing on You, Framing, K-Drama Korean Broadcasting, Natural Framework, North Korea, Primary Framework, Social Framework, South Korea,

해방기 담론의 확장 연구: 해방기 남･북한 여성잡지를 중심으로

해방기 담론의 확장 연구: 해방기 남･북한 여성잡지를 중심으로

Intergroup friendships between South Korean hosts and North Korean refugees: Implications for educational practices

While young South Koreans’ (SKs’) views on North Korean (NK) refugees, North Korea and Korean reunification have become increasingly negative or callous, less is understood about viable interventions to address their aggravating attitudes. Through the lens of Allport’s intergroup contact theory, the current study explored how SK college students’ friendships with NK refugees influence their perspectives on (a) attitudes towards NK refugees; (b) interest in North Korea; and (c) views about Korean reunification. We used a concurrent triangulation mixed‐methods design that integrates quantitative data via a survey and qualitative data via in‐depth interviews. Survey data drawn from 276 SK college students revealed that those with NK refugee friends showed more favourable attitudes towards the NK refugee population, greater interest in North Korea‐related issues and NK society, and more positive perspectives on Korean reunification. A cross‐analysis of in‐depth interviews with 11 SK college students who developed friendships with NK refugees yielded five primary domains: (a) initial occasion on which they met the NK refugee friend(s); (b) feelings and thoughts about friendships with NK refugee(s); (c) friendship‐induced changes in perceptions of the NK refugee population; (d) friendship‐induced changes in perceptions of North Korea; and (e) friendship‐induced changes in perceptions of Korean reunification. Based on the intergroup friendship’s promising effects that our findings suggest, we discussed the benefits of employing educational practices that could promote intergroup contacts and understandings of North Korea and the refugee population.

Searching for the Inter-Korean Forest Cooperation Considering Forest Restoration Strategy and limits of Kim Jong-un Era : Focusing on Literature Review and Experts Interview

This paper aims to propose ways for forest cooperation between South Korea and North Korea that can enhance congruence between South Korea’s intention to build a peaceful unification base and North Korea’s practical needs. To this end, this paper first examines North Korea’s forest restoration strategy in the Kim Jong-un era and summarizes its key features as increasing forest resources under the self-power first principle, enhancing forest management technology, and strengthening propaganda and control over people under ‘Kim Jong-il patriotism’. During this process, the North Korean authority strongly depend on the public mobilization method. Yet, in a situation where central distribution power has weakened and marketization has spread, people’s active cooperation is hardly found. Moreover, difficulty in procuring external goods due to tightened sanctions by the international community and COVID-19 have negative effects on the strategies. Per this analysis, this paper argues that various ways such as developing projects of mutual investment, a packaging business of resource exchange and technological support, projects for human development and knowledge sharing, and providing economic incentives to North Koreans should be considered as ways for forest cooperation. In-depth interviews with South Korean experts and North Korean refugee experts were actively utilized in conducting this research.

Allied Decoupling in an Era of US–China Strategic Competition

Abstract The turn towards an openly competitive relationship between the United States and China today carries acute consequences for U.S. policy toward North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea or DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea or ROK). The military and economic requirements of enacting such a policy of competition with China complicates U.S. policy with its ally South Korea, as it exacerbates three core dilemmas that the ROK contends with regarding China. These dilemmas compel choices for a U.S. ally that must increasingly become zero-sum in nature where Seoul must make choices that alienate its patron ally or its neighbor. This article draws out propositions for how changes in U.S.-China relations impacts strategy on both sides of the Korean peninsula. The primary finding is that changes in the independent variable (U.S.-China relations) have opposing impacts on South Korean and North Korean strategic thinking (dependent variable). What might be considered opportunities afforded by U.S.-China relations to South Korea are seen as threats by North Korea. Conversely opportunities created by U.S.-China relations for North Korea register as threats for South Korea.

Applying target congruence theory to victimization risk of students from multicultural backgrounds: A comparison of South Korean, North Korean, and other multicultural family adolescents

Abstract The objective of this study was to apply Target Congruence Theory (TCT) to explore the relationship between ethnicity and victimization in the context of South Korea. Specifically, this study used more than 235,000 students from the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS) to explore the victimization experiences of multicultural children through the lenses of target vulnerability, target gratifiablity, and target antagonism. Results from multivariate modeling show that indicators of target congruence and deviant lifestyles were associated with the risk of violent victimization. Consistent with propositions of TCT, students from North Korean families were over eleven times more likely to report that they had experienced serious victimization, even after controlling for opportunity-related variables than students from South Korean families. Similarly, “other” multicultural family adolescents were over five times more likely to report a violent victimization experience than South Korean family adolescents. Policy implications are discussed.

A Study on the 'Peace Economic Cooperation Area' for Economic community between South and North Korea

Throughout the serial summit meetings between South-North Korea and North Korea-U.S in 2018, a peaceful atmosphere in the Korean peninsula was expected. Although the South Korean government puts an effort to operate the ‘Peace Process’ by playing the ‘negotiator’ and ‘Initiator,’ after Hanoi Summit, North Korea-U.S relationship has been in deadlock. In this circumstance, it prospects that economic sanctions against North Korea will not be removed quickly. Therefore, we have to contrive a viable economic cooperation strategy within a hostile environment. The economic cooperation within the current economic sanction is limited. Although economic cooperation in the DMZ and border area has been suggested, it lost the validity in a changed political environment. Therefore, this study proposes the ‘Peace Economic Cooperation Area’ as a new economic cooperation model. The sustainable and future-oriented complex ‘Peace Economic Cooperation Area’ aims to establish an advanced base for the South-North Korean economic community. It also seeks an international special economic zone by including ecology, high-tech industry, foreign trade, travel, etc. The peace economy and market integration will be available by the ‘Peace Economic Cooperation Area.’

An analysis of media text on "Integrated Korean Team": The revolving stage of politics and sports

The purpose of this study was to critically interpret a certain sports-related idea, "Integrated Korean Team," which was an issue at the PyeongChang Winter Olympics. The idea emerges as a specific political agenda under the conditions of domestic politics and the special environment of Korean national affairs and discourse. To this end, we investigated media texts on the relationship between sports, political dynamics and views on related discourse that were produced in 1990-1991 and 2018. The main findings are as follows: First, sports functions as a political socialization tool for political power as it forms public opinion. Second, sports exchanges work as a kind of international politics. Specifically, political power controls sports as certain political situations arise and political elites' needs change. Third, mega sports events have tended to become politicized in recent years as they become more effective. Fourth, North Korea’s sports under political power cannot be easily dealt with by the private sector, and it has limitations because it is not politically independent. The analysis showed that the negotiation process and realization of the Integrated North and South Korean Team seemed to be a turning point in politics and sports. Here are the conclusions drawn from discussing the two unifying events in 1991 and the situation in 2018. First, both South and North Korea pulled the Integrated Korean Team card when political needs arose. Second, when the two Koreas did not need to reconcile due to changes in the political situation between the two Koreas, they did not want to make efforts to integrate Korean Team. Third, the position of the political elite was directly represented by the position of the South-North Korean team. Fourth, the supporting public opinions of the Integrated Korean Team are gradually diminishing as the power gap between the two Koreas widens and sports players' human rights issues emerge.

남북언어 정책 기관의 성격과 성과 간 관계에 대한 검토 - 국립국어원과 겨레말큰사전을 중심으로

남북언어 정책 기관의 성격과 성과 간 관계에 대한 검토 - 국립국어원과 겨레말큰사전을 중심으로