The differential effect of cognitive and affective group relative deprivation on protest orientation was investigated, among 120 Indian South African adults. Using Cantril's (1965) ladder to assess group cognitive relative deprivation, a list of 6 emotions to gauge affective group relative deprivation, and the Muller (1972) and Grofman and Muller (1973) measure of potential for collective violence to assess protest orientation, the authors found that Blacks' position was perceived as worse off, Whites' position as better off, and Coloureds' position as similar to that of the in-group. The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that the affective component explained a greater proportion of the variance, confirming the importance of distinguishing between the cognitive and affective components of group relative deprivation when predicting protest orientation.