Source Of Violence Research Articles

Sources of workplace violence against nurses.

Health care employees, especially nurses, are often victims of workplace violence. The objective of this research is to study the frequency and degree of violence against nurses and to analyze correlations between various sources and types of violence. A survey was carried out using a representative sample of nurses in Slovenia. Data was collected using a questionnaire designed specifically for the purposes of the survey. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive, correlational and inferential statistics. A total of 692 nurses participated in the survey. Verbal violence (n = 416) and physical violence (n = 180) were identified. The most frequent perpetrators of verbal violence were patients (listed as a source of violence by 39.3% of the respondents) and peers (39.6%), with the most forceful identified as physicians and patients. Physical violence against nurses was most often initiated by patients (20.8%) who were also the most forceful source in this category. Nurse leaders were found to be the most frequent and forceful sources of violence in terms of leadership level. A positive correlation between external (patient and relatives) and internal (physician and nurse) sources of violence was determined. A better understanding of the association between different types and sources of violence may support the development of action-oriented violence management. Health care organisations should limit violence at its less severe levels and at its primary source.

Lack of Toilets and Violence Against Indian Women: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications

It is now well-accepted among policy makers that the provision of water, sanitation and hygiene is a basic human right. Yet, millions of people lack access to basic toilet facilities, which anecdotal evidence suggests may increase violence against women. We examine the relationship between the lack of toilet facilities in the Indian household on non-family violence (i.e. not family member) against Indian women. Using the latest 2005-2006 National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-3) data, we relate the lack of toilet facilities in Indian households (when members use bush or pit latrines to relieve themselves) to non-family violence against Indian women. Multilevel logistic regression results, using data from 60,847 Indian women, indicate that after controlling for economic prosperity and other covariates, lack of toilet facilities in the household is positively related to non-family violence against urban Indian women but not for rural Indian women. Further, this relationship is stronger for poor urban women. Additional analysis indicate that the findings are robust. The paper’s insights indicate that the lack of toilet facilities in households is a source of violence against urban Indian women. We offer policy recommendations to reduce non-family violence against urban Indian women.

Джерела політичного насилля: політико-психологічний аналіз

У даній статті мова йде про витоки насилля, у тому числі політичного. Показано взаємозв’язок між поняттями насилля, агресії та деструктивності. Наведено різні визначення зазначених понять. Детально аналізуються різні підходи до розуміння джерел насилля та агресії. Зокрема, представлені психоаналітичні теорії, інстинктивізм, біхевіоризм, фрустраційні теорії агресії, концепція відносної депривації, концепції агресії як вивченої реакції. Серед психоаналітичних теорій особливу увагу приділено вченням З. Фрейда, В. Райха, Е. Фромма. Також у статті згадані погляди С. Шпільрейн, В. Штекеля, П. Федерна, Е. Вейсса щодо природи деструктивного. Розкрито сутність таких понять як інстинкт смерті, Танатос, мортідо та деструдо. Спираючись на вчення Е. Фромма, підкреслено різницю між двома базовими типами агресії – доброякісною, біологічно адаптивною агресією та злоякісною деструктивністю, витоки якої коріняться у структурі характеру. Наведені основні різновиди агресії, серед яких – псевдоагресія, оборонна, конформістська та інструментальна агресія (доброякісна агресія); садизм, некрофілія (злоякісна агресія) тощо. Розглянуто також такі підходи до визначення сутності та джерел агресії та насилля як інстинктивізм (К. Лоренц) та біхевіоризм (Дж. Б. Уотсон, Б. Ф. Скіннер та ін.). Значну увагу приділено фрустраційним теоріям агресії (Дж. Доллард, Н. Е. Міллер, Л. Берковіц та ін.), згідно з якими причини агресії та насилля криються в особливому психічному стані – фрустрації. Підкреслено особливе значення теорії Т. Р. Гарра, в якій джерела агресії та політичного насилля визначаються через поняття відносної депривації. Ще один розглянутий у статті підхід – концепції агресії як вивченої реакції (А. Бандура, Г. Левін, Б. Флейшман та ін.). Прибічники цього підходу вважають, що агресивна поведінка формується у процесі соціального навчання.

War and Violence in Sinan Antoon’s The Corpse Washer

War is the greatest source of violence in the world. It is the most disastrous expression of tendencies to violence innate to human nature. Iraq has suffered for a long time from the repercussions of war and violence and in this country ravaged by war trauma; the only space left for memory has been literature. Personal and political traumas have characterized the works of Iraqi writers who have been either victims of traumatic experience themselves or have been firsthand witnesses to trauma in Iraq. Literature provides them with an avenue to reclaim the humanity of all those who have been traumatized by the violence represented by war. Drawing on the theory of trauma, the paper seeks to explore the notions of war trauma and violence in Sinan Antoon's novel The Corpse Washer (2014) that reveals Iraq’s traumatic and violent history. The paper examines the ways in which the novel bears witness to, protests against and exposes the devastating effects of war and violence.

Basında Yer Alan Okullarda Şiddet İle İlgili Olayların Değerlendirilmesi

This research was carried out to examine the place of the concept of violence in schools as one of the major problems in social life and how the violence-related news reflects in a variety of newspapers. In this study, questions were searched for the answer about: how the news headlines containing violence in schools are given; how the definitions and notions used in school-related violent headlines are given; which pages the reports of violence are published in; how the pictures used in violent news in education are given; what types of violence take place in the news; the forms of psychological violence used in schools; the reasons of violence in schools; the status of the settlements which the violence in schools takes place; which tools are used during the violence in schools; the gender ratios of individuals who are subject to reports about violence in school, the distribution of perpetrators according to the ages. According to the results of the study, between the years of 1998 and 2004, the harassment cases in schools increased from 5.97% to 9.15%; Stabbing incidents in schools increased from 1.49% to 4.23% ; the news about the drug events that took place in press as a source of violence in schools increased from 4.48% to 10.56%. In the news published in newspapers, among the reasons of violence in schools, while the attitude of the teachers took the first place in 1998, the attitudes of the parents and the socio-economic problems took the first place in 2004.

Nowy Ateizm: czy rzeczywiście nowy? Analiza argumentów i wyzwań dla współczesnej teologii

The article intents a “mapping” of New Atheism and presents its main arguments. The result is a characterization of two major trends of new atheism (scientific and continental), and their relation to religion, which is characterized by naturalistic approach. New atheism largely examines the arguments against religion (treating it as immoral, a source of violence and as the effects of biological conditions). The systematic development of the new atheism also mixed the “old” and “new” means in fact a return to the traditional arguments antitheistic, but presented in a new perspective. The second part of the article includes indication of the possible topics of dialogue with the new atheism and the challenges that will be opened for contemporary theology: care of God’s image among believer, visibility of religion in society, broad vision of rationality and the attractiveness of the Christian narrative.

High prevalence of stigma-related abuse among a sample of men who have sex with men in Tanzania: implications for HIV prevention

In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of stigma-related abuse and violence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and its potential impact on the HIV/AIDS epidemic is unknown. This study estimated the prevalence and source of violence and abuse among a sample of MSM in Tanzania and characterized the association between levels of violence and sexual and mental health variables. Data were taken from a larger study of 200 MSM in Tanzania. Frequency tabulations, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression were performed to describe the prevalence and source of abuse and to determine the association between levels of violence and sexual demographics and mental health variables. The MSM sample for this study was young (median age 23), somewhat educated with the majority having attained secondary school (80%) and mostly employed (60%). Verbal (48.5%) and moral (32.5%) abuses were the most predominant types of abuse among the sample and were mostly from people in the street and neighbors. Sexual abuse (30%) was mostly from partners, and physical violence (29.5%) was largely from people in the street. Participants in the high-violence level group had a significantly greater number of sexual partners, depression scores, and internalized homonegativity (IH) scores. IH predicted HIV infection and verbal abuse predicted IH.There is a need for an increased awareness of violence and abuse faced by MSM in Tanzania, as well as effective programs to specifically target the issue of violence among MSM, and its implication for mental health and for risky sexual behaviors and HIV transmission.

Violent continuities: telling stories of one sexual minority life in the African Great Lakes region

This article examines the multi-layered continuities of violence experienced, navigated and narrated by those in the Great Lakes region from the perspective of one life. Drawing on the unfolding life stories of Alex, a sexual minority refugee in Uganda, it focuses upon the complex predicament of persecution and marginalisation of the region’s sexual minorities, as they navigate protracted political conflict, displacement and wider intersecting forms and sources of violence. This article aims to draw attention back to the lived realities of violence as they are interpreted and articulated through time and space in situated acts of speaking. An ethnographic life stories approach compels us to consider the agency of those who navigate complex constellations of intersecting and multiple forms of violence woven through the fabric of everyday life, the social topographies within which people navigate and the wider sociocultural, political and legal dimensions within which they live.

Managing facility risk: external threats and health care organizations.

Clinicians and clinical administrators should have a basic understanding of physical and financial risk to mental health facilities related to external physical threat, including actions usually viewed as "terrorism" and much more common sources of violence. This article refers to threats from mentally ill persons and those acting out of bizarre or misguided "revenge," extortionists and other outright criminals, and perpetrators usually identified as domestic or international terrorists. The principles apply both to relatively small and contained acts (such as a patient or ex-patient attacking a staff member) and to much larger events (such as bombings and armed attack), and are relevant to facilities both within and outside the U.S. Patient care and accessibility to mental health services rest not only on clinical skills, but also on a place to practice them and an organized system supported by staff, physical facilities, and funding. Clinicians who have some familiarity with the non-clinical requirements for care are in a position to support non-clinical staff in preventing care from being interrupted by external threats or events such as terrorist activity, and/or to serve at the interface of facility operations and direct clinical care. Readers should note that this article is an introduction to the topic and cannot address all local, state and national standards for hospital safety, or insurance providers' individual facility requirements.

Conflict in Pre‐Hispanic Northwest Argentina: Implications Arising From Human Bone Trauma Patterns

AbstractThe time span ranging from ca. 900 to 1450 A.D. in the South‐Central Andes has been traditionally posited as a period of social unrest, political disintegration and large‐scale conflict due to, primarily, environmental causes. However, the osteological record of traumatic injuries in a sample of 223 adult and subadult crania from different areas of Northwest Argentina does not clearly correspond to the expected scenario of pervasive and formalized armed attacks. Cranial trauma prevalence in the sample is low (17.48%), and no statistically significant differences were met between the sexes. No differences were found when comparing trauma prevalence between settlements or regions, suggesting that location or function of the sites may not have influenced in trauma frequencies. This information more comfortably agrees with a scenario of conflict where several sources of violence may have caused the record of traumatic injuries (i.e. raids, ambushes, etc). These results serve to problematize how conflict is expected to be expressed in the archaeological record, especially in osseous human remains, what sources of violence may have generated the traumatic patterns observed and the intensity of conflict in this region in particular and in the pre‐Hispanic Andes in general. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘Nulla in Mundo Pax Sincera …’ Secularisation and violence in Vattimo and Girard

Vattimo holds nihilist secularisation to be the ultimate meaning of Christianity. It diagnoses actuality as the dissolution of transcendence that is always violent, be it metaphysical or religious. This is an extrapolation of Girard’s desacralisation, proposing Christianity to be the dissolution of sacred violence. To Girard, secularisation is the modern interpretation of desacralisation. Both Vattimo and Girard agree that secularisation is inherent to Christianity; that the ultimate meaning of Christianity is love; that hitherto this message has not reached the ‘masses’. But they radically disagree on the source of love and violence. To Vattimo, the divine is violent because of its transcendence and only a nihilist world can become non-violent. To Girard, human culture is a source of violence and love is divine. How can these two models, starting out together, suddenly become each other’s opposite? And is there a way of ‘deciding’ between them?

Filling the FARC-Shaped Void

If ongoing peace talks with the FARC succeed, it is unclear what will become of the guerrilla group's illicit finance networks; who would replace the FARC in the drug-trafficking chain should they demobilise; and what would happen to their business interests in other illegal sectors. Against this backdrop, Matt Ince assesses whether a potential future peace deal with Colombia's oldest insurgent group could open the door to new sources of violence and insecurity in Colombia in the period ahead, as rival criminal organisations compete with one another to gain control over the FARC's current portfolio of illegal activities.

P3.412 Personal Experience of Violence as Potential Risk Factor of HIV/STI Among FSWs in Ukraine

BackgroundIn Ukraine where the main road of HIV transmission in Ukraine is sexual, female sex workers are considered to have increased risk of HIV and STI infections. Moreover, FSWs suffer...

A Parade or a Riot: A Discourse Analysis of Two Ethnic Newspapers on the 2011 Marching Season in Northern Ireland

The annual marching season in Northern Ireland has long been the site of ethnic/religious controversy and violence pitting Catholics against Protestants. This study analyzes how more than 80 news stories from two Belfast-based ethnic newspapers, the Catholic/nationalist Irish News and the Protestant/loyalist News Letter, framed the 2011 season. The research documents that the discourses and overarching themes presented by The Irish News and the News Letter were vastly different, with the former largely describing the season in negative terms and as the source of violence and civil unrest, and the latter portraying the season as a triumphant, and popular, display of loyalist culture.

Findings from the 2012 New Zealand Workplace Violence Survey

The present study was the third NZ Workplace Violence Survey. The sample of 86 organisations for the 2012 New Zealand Workplace Violence Survey was drawn from the OHS professionals who subscribe to the New Zealand Safeguard Forum. Overall, some 510 incidents of workplace violence were reported with 299 of these being physical assaults. More than one-half of all participating organisations reported some form of violence event over the 12-months period. Although workplace violence is often represented as being about co-worker aggression, respondents perceived patients and customers/clients as important sources of violence. Interpersonal and environmental factors were reported as being the most important risk factors for violence. Behaviour was the dimension that most organisations believed they had most control over in terms of their violence prevention strategies.

Gambling in Detention: A Source of Violence?

Although the prison subculture encourages solidarity and mutual support, this does not suffice to control all behaviors inside the walls, since physical and verbal aggressions still occur between inmates. Gambling in prison leads to certain frictions, such as quarrels or threats. However, these frictions are better explained by the characteristics of the prison environment. The real problem would not lie necessarily in the inmates' gambling habits, but rather in the tensions that exist inside the walls and that influence their behaviors. That being said, conflicts similar to those associated with gambling have been observed in other, non-betting, leisure activities. This is notably what emerged from the analysis of 51 interviews conducted with male inmates in three federal penitentiaries in Quebec. This article takes a dynamic look at the physical and verbal aggressions surrounding gambling and puts them into perspective with the reality of the prison environment.

Religion, Government Coalitions, and Terrorism

When ethnic minority parties are excluded from government coalitions, are group attributes such as religion related to the groups’ use of political violence? We argue that extremist factions within minority groups make use of divergence in religion to mobilize support for violent action when the group is excluded from government. Thus, we posit that while religion per se is not a source of violence, extremist elements of ethnic minorities, whose religion differs from the majority, may use religious divergence to mobilize group members to perpetrate terrorism. Specifically we test the hypotheses that extremist factions of an excluded group will be more likely to carry out terrorist attacks when the group's members belong to a different religion as well as when they belong to a different denomination or sect of a religion than the majority. To test these propositions, we use data on ethnic minority party inclusion in government coalitions, ethnic minority group religion, and the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) by matching perpetrators with ethnic groups for all democracies, 1970–2004.

1149 – Medico-legal acts and demeneces in the psychiatric hospital of Razi in Tunisia

Introduction The elderly in general, and those with dementia in particular are more likely to be victims of abuse, neglect or self-neglect. These demented elderly, because of biological aging, psychological disorders of character, behavior and conduct are themselves sources of violence that may lead to medico-legal. The objectives of our work are to specify the profile of mentally ill elderly dementia and identify the characteristics of their medico-legal. Methodologie Our work has focused on all patients older than 60 years hospitalized under the mode of office between 1995 and 2012 in the service of forensic Razi hospital according to article 29 of the law n° 92-83 of the third of August 1992 as amended by the law 2004-40 of 3 May 2004, following a non-legal place due to insanity within the meaning of the 38 article of the Tunisian Penal Code, and which the diagnosis of dementia was increased. Results Our study included 7 patients, whose average age was between 65 and 90 years. The majority being married, having a low socioeconomic level. Acts forensic being uxoricides (2 cases), attempted murder (2 cases), attempted rape (1 case), violence against people (1 case), false and corruption (1 case). Almost all committed crimes against people associated with violence. The diagnosis of dementia was retained and all patients were referred to the neurology department for further explorations. The type of dementia was noted in 4 cases: mixed dementia, Alzheimer's disease, dementia due to Huntington's disease and dementia due to Parkinson's disease.

What Generates, Constitutes and Causes Opportunity-driven Violence? The Case of West Kalimantan

This article uses the example of West Kalimantan to show some new ways of studying opportunities for violence, contributing especially to the so-called ‘sons of the soil’ conflict debate. By showing that the opportunity structure in West Kalimantan was not primarily material, but social, related to ways to circumvent fear of and norms against violence, this article attempts to update the theoretical premises of the traditional security studies approach to obstacles to conflict and opportunities for violence. The intention is to show how socially constructed realities are relevant in offering and denying opportunities for violence, and how the study of the meanings of actions reveals ways in which opportunities for violent demonstrative argumentation are born in local conflict discourses. The case study shows how powerful narratives enable the justification of violent action and how identities and violent policies mutually constitute each other. This way the empirical evidence calls for understanding the generative and constitutive sources of violence, which are not simply mechanistic causes of conflict.

Violence in the nursing workplace – a descriptive correlational study in a public hospital

To explore the prevalence, types and sources of violence in the nursing workplace and to assess the factors related to violence. Workplace violence in nursing is not a new phenomenon; in recent years, much more attention has been paid to the issue in Taiwan. Few studies, however, have investigated the overall distribution of violence and the reasons for not reporting these incidents in nursing workplaces. This descriptive, correlational study used structured questionnaires to collecting information about workplace violence experienced by nurses over the last year. Nurses (n = 880) working in a public hospital in southern Taiwan were invited to complete the questionnaires, with a response rate of 89·9%. Nurses working in outpatient units and emergency rooms experienced more frequent violence than those on surgical wards and intensive care units. These findings provide evidence of workplace violence in hospitals and may aid hospital and nursing administration to reduce and control violence. RELEVANCE TO NURSING PRACTICE: These results provide evidence in relation to the importance of effective communication training to nurses and will assist hospital administrations in establishing higher-quality, healthy workplace environments.