Research Funding Sources Research Articles

Current trends and prospects for the development of the university sector of Russian science

This study is aimed at identifying the features and prospects for the development of the university sector of Russian science, including with account for modern foreign trends. Some topical aspects in the development of university science are analyzed in detail proceeding from statistical data and the results of sociological surveys on the degree of involvement of universities and their units in RD performance, as well as on the cost structure, types and sources of research funding, and the dynamics of the development of HR potential and certain indicators of the postgraduate system of training highly qualified personnel. Based on the international comparisons presented in this article, the authors consider the expediency and validity of the broad participation of universities in the implementation of RD and, ultimately, the ability to provide a high level of graduate training under such conditions. Since Russia lacks higher education establishments specializing mainly in basic research, it is concluded that it is necessary to create research universities on the basis of divisions and scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences, endowed with the right to develop standards and programs for training highly qualified scientific personnel independently. It is argued that to implement the relevant tasks of the country’s socioeconomic development, it is advisable to develop alliances and consortia of scientific, educational, and business organizations.

Selected Sources of Research Funding in Railway Transport

In Horizon 2020, funding for research and innovation in the railway area was entirely channeled through the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking (Shift2Rail). Shift2Rail was founded in 2014 as a Public-Private Partnership between the European Union (EU) and the rail industry and aimed to coordinate and manage EU research and investment in the rail sector. From the current financial perspective - Horizon Europe - the successor to Shift2Rail, is Europe's Rail Joint Undertaking (EU-Rail). The new rail partnership aims to enable the European rail network to play a vital role in the Green Deal policy for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient mobility. In 2017, the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR) and PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe (PLK S.A.) established a Joint Undertaking, Research and Development of Railway Infrastructure, with the acronym BRIK. The program supports research and development (R&D) work in railway infrastructure and aims at increasing the Polish railway potential. The article provides a critical-cognitive analysis of selected joint R&D projects in the railway sector at both European and national levels. The activity of the Railway Research Institute (IK) in international and national projects is also presented. The article attempts to answer the research question: Are European and national programs supporting research in the railway area an appropriate and sufficient funding source? The research methods used included source material analysis, comparative approach, data analysis of the EU, Railway Research Institute, National Centre for Development Research (NCBR), and case study.

State of research in adult Hospital Medicine: Updated results of a national survey and longitudinal analysis of national data.

We sought to understand the current state of research in adult Hospital Medicine by repeating a 2018 survey of leaders in Hospital Medicine with changes to improve the response rate of surveyed programs. We also analyzed the public sources of federal research funding and MEDLINE-indexed publications from 2010 through 2019 among members of the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM). Of the 102 contacted leaders of Hospital Medicine groups across the country, 49 responded, for a total response rate of 48%. Among the 3397 faculty members represented in responding programs, 72 (2%) of faculty were identified as conducting research for more than 50% of their time. Respondents noted difficulties at every stage of the research development pipeline, from a lack of mentors to running a fellowship program to a lack of applicants seeking further research training. Improvements to our research training pipeline will be essential to the long-term improvement of our profession.

Bibliometric study on clinical research of osteoporosis in adolescents.

Focusing on the theme of "osteoporosis-related research in adolescents," a systematic visualization of the developmental lineage, current research status, hot spots, and trends of adolescent osteoporosis was conducted to provide a reference for subsequent related research, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. The Web of Science core database was used as the data source to retrieve the relevant literature and the bibliometrics method. An online bibliometric platform, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software were used to conduct co-occurrence analysis on the authors, scientific research institutions, national cooperation, keywords, and funding sources to draw the relevant knowledge map. A total of 1,199 publications from the Web of Science core database were included in this study. The number of published adolescent osteoporosis (AOP) studies has shown an upward trend over the past 29 years, with the United States being the major contributor to the field with the highest number of publications (291, 24.3%) and the highest number of citations (12,186). The international collaboration map shows that the United States is the country most focused on international collaborative exchanges, with the closest collaboration between the United States and Canada. The most influential research institutions and authors are Children's Hospital and Rauch F. the United States is the primary funding source for this research area. Research hotspots were mainly focused on "bone density," "osteoporosis," and "children." These knowledge maps review the research hotpots in adolescent osteoporosis research over time, analyze and summarize the research process over the past 29 years, and predict future research directions.

Call to action: Clinical pharmacist roles and opportunities in health disparities research

The roles clinical pharmacists can play in addressing health equity and eliminating health disparities span the areas of quality of care, access to care, use of care, and health outcomes. Through this call to action, we address the importance of dismantling health disparities and describe the potential barriers and challenges to clinical pharmacists becoming involved with and performing health disparities research. Furthermore, we identify solutions to these barriers and challenges by highlighting opportunities for clinical pharmacists to seek training and identify potential funding sources for health disparities research. In addition, we provide examples of previous health disparities research conducted by pharmacists across a wide spectrum of patient populations, areas of practice, and types of research. The goal moving forward is to continue to promote current training opportunities to allow clinical pharmacists to develop and/or improve on their research skillset to expand pharmacist-led research within the focus area of health disparities and ultimately serve as leaders and collaborators in the area.

Фінансування інновацій ТНК у контексті інноваційної трансформації економіки регіонів України

It has been found that the world flagship of financing innovation activities are TNCs, which, due to the high level of concentration of investment potential, have the opportunity to finance capital-intensive innovation projects related to the modernization of the most high-tech industries and basic information and telecommunication technologies. It is proved that the selection of sources and methods of financing the innovation activity of TNCs depends on the stage of the life cycle of an innovative product, which makes it possible to timely eliminate the deficit of financing by diversifying the sources of financial and investment support for research, development and approbation of prototypes of equipment and technologies. Studies have shown that the financing of innovation activities in American, European and Japanese TNCs is marked by their distinctive features based on the structure of sources of funding for research and development, in particular the participation of the State in this process. It is determined that Ukraine needs an innovative model of transformation of the post-war economy in order to eliminate at an accelerated pace the terrible consequences of the armed invasion of russian aggressors, to modernize energy-intensive segments of the national economy, to ensure the mass introduction of modern innovative technologies in all phases of the reproductive process and to use the existing production and technical potential of regional economic complexes to straighten territorial imbalances of the socioeconomic development. It has been found that the main catalyst for innovative transformation of regional economic complexes in Ukraine is the inclusion of TNC divisions in them, primarily in terms of financing the processes of production and introduction of innovative technologies. It is substantiated that in the context of the expediency of implementing the best practices of financing research and development into the domestic practice of innovative transformation of the regional economy, it is worth adopting the South Korean experience, which allowed this country to turn from an industrially backward agrarian country into an advanced country in Southeast Asia in a few decades.

Благодарность в научном произведении как инструмент наукометрии

The work is devoted to one of the components of a scientific work – acknowledgements. The description of this component, various means of its expression, possible addressees are given. The purpose of this article is to describe how to include this data in the search criteria of automatic search engines, as well as the analytical capabilities associated with this component. The analysis of publications in the professional literature is conducted, where expressions of аcknowledgements are given by the authors of scientific works. The technical methods of including information about gratitude into the bibliographic record are described on the example of the ABIS «Ruslan» and «Irbis». It was revealed that acknowledgments are considered mainly to assess the sources of research funding. Critical remarks are given regarding the value and objectivity of using this element in this capacity. It has been established that the expression of gratitude given in a scientific work, primarily in a scientific article, is of great research importance. A promising way to use this component to identify informal connections between scientists is proposed.

National Research and Development Core Program - Continuity Support for Marine Research

"Launched in 2003, the Core National Research and Development Programme has become an essential source of national funding for scientific research. The marine and coastal fields have had the necessary research support, through the continuous financing of several multi-annual Core Programme, which NIMRD has carried out over time. Thus, NIMRD has run six Core Programs so far. The paper presents funding details from 2003-2020, with an analysis of the financial distribution per program and over time, revealing the influence of political and internal management decisions. The paper ends with the presentation of the Core Program in progress, at the time of writing. An obvious conclusion is that without basic support, it is not possible to guarantee the functioning of the NIRDs and to cover the national research strategy evenly. This minimum basis also creates the conditions for international collaborations in the field, and involvement in European research programs, without forgetting the accomplishment of the external community obligations and the internal alignment in which Romania is taking part. NIMRD has been operating for over 50 years and continues to meet the increasingly complex requirements of environmental research. This is demonstrated by the experience of over 18 years of participation in the National Core Research-Development Programme."

Virtual Reality Technology in Cognitive Rehabilitation Application: Bibliometric Analysis.

In recent years, with the development of computer science and medical science, virtual reality (VR) technology has become a promising tool for improving cognitive function. Research on VR-based cognitive training has garnered increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the application status, research hot spots, and emerging trends of VR in cognitive rehabilitation over the past 20 years. Articles on VR-based cognitive rehabilitation from 2001 to 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace software was used for the visual analysis of authors and countries or regions, and Scimago Graphica software was used for the geographic visualization of published countries or regions. Keywords were clustered using the gCLUTO software. A total of 1259 papers were included. In recent years, research on the application of VR in cognitive rehabilitation has been widely conducted, and the annual publication of relevant literature has shown a positive trend. The main research areas include neuroscience and neurology, psychology, computer science, and rehabilitation. The United States ranked first with 328 papers, and Italy ranked second with 140 papers. Giuseppe Riva, an Italian academic, was the most prolific author with 29 publications. The most frequently cited reference was "Using Reality to Characterize Episodic Memory Profiles in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: Influence of Active and Passive Encoding." The most common keywords used by researchers include "virtual reality," "cognition," "rehabilitation," "performance," and "older adult." The largest source of research funding is from the public sector in the United States. The bibliometric analysis provided an overview of the application of VR in cognitive rehabilitation. VR-based cognitive rehabilitation can be integrated into multiple disciplines. We conclude that, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of VR-based telerehabilitation is crucial, and there are still many problems that need to be addressed, such as the lack of consensus on treatment methods and the existence of safety hazards.

Opioid Use Disorder Treatments: An Evidence Map

BackgroundEvidence maps are emerging data visualization of a systematic review. There are no published evidence maps summarizing opioid use disorder (OUD) interventions. AimOur aim was to publish an interactive summary of all peer-reviewed interventional and observational trials assessing the treatment of OUD and common clinical outcomes. MethodsPubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and Web of Science were queried using multiple OUD-related MESH terms, without date limitations, for English-language publications. Inclusions were human subjects, treatment of OUD, OUD patient or community-level outcomes, and systematic reviews of OUD interventions. Exclusions were laboratory studies, reviews, and case reports. Two reviewers independently scanned abstracts for inclusion before coding eligible full-text articles by pre-specified filters: research design, study population, study setting, intervention, outcomes, sample size, study duration, geographical region, and funding sources. ResultsThe OUD Evidence Map (https://med.nyu.edu/research/lee-lab/research/opioid-use-disorder-treatment-evidence-map) identified and assessed 12,933 relevant abstracts through 2020. We excluded 9455 abstracts and full text reviewed 2839 manuscripts; 888 were excluded, 1591 were included in the final evidence map. The most studied OUD interventions were methadone (n = 754 studies), buprenorphine (n = 499), and naltrexone (n = 134). The most common outcomes were heroin/opioid use (n = 708), treatment retention (n = 557), and non-opioid drug use (n = 368). Clear gaps included a wider array of opioid agonists for treatment, digital behavioral interventions, studies of OUD treatments in criminal justice settings, and overdose as a clinical outcome. ConclusionThis OUD Evidence Map highlights the importance of pharmacologic interventions for OUD and reductions in opioid use. Future iterations will update results annually and scan policy-level interventions.

Whose climate intervention? Solar geoengineering, fractions of capital, and hegemonic strategy

Proposals for slowing climate change by reflecting sunlight back to space, known as solar geoengineering (SG), are gaining traction in climate policy. Given SG’s capacity to slow warming without reducing carbon emissions, prominent criticism suggests that it will enable fossil fueled business-as-usual. This assessment is not without merit, yet the primary funders of SG research do not emanate from fossil capital. We analyze sources of funding for SG research globally, finding close ties to mostly US financial and technological capital as well as a number of billionaire philanthropists. These corporate sectors and associated philanthropies comprise part of ‘climate capital’ – the fraction of the capitalist class nominally aligned with climate action. We argue that SG is being positioned as a tactic for enabling incremental, market-driven decarbonization, explore key institutions advocating this approach in US climate policy, and conclude that SG is poised to serve as a tool for class compromise between fossil and climate capital.

The pandemic and the politics of Australian research governance

ABSTRACT Following the 1989 unified higher education reforms, the Australian academic research system was built upon the notion of depoliticisation (i.e., keeping the political character of decision at one remove from governance) to govern the contradiction between research credibility and governmental economic priorities. The article argues that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the tension between independent research and governmental economic priorities. The pandemic, also, weakened university autonomy via the closure of the national border, reducing overseas student fees, a significant source of research funding. The article maintains that the conservative Morrison government used the opportunity to politicise research around commercialisation and national sovereignty. The argument being that the pandemic exposed Australia’s research and development (R&D) dependence and with it the question of industrial sovereignty, prompting the government to couple academic research to industry policy. Secondly, the pandemic reinforced the conservative government’s aim to concentrate research in selected commercial areas and to exert this priority on to the research funding agency, the Australian Research Council (ARC). Lastly, the article contends that the COVID pandemic, originating in Wuhan, intensified the Morrison government’s geopolitical concerns over China, and this disquiet flowed into research policy, which problematised research collaboration with Chinese researchers.

An invaluable vehicle for international collaboration

Collaboration is key to discovery and the National Science Foundation (NSF) is an example of a vehicle that is crucial to the scientific community as it facilitates international collaboration. It is a federal agency that was set up in 1950 and invests in basic research across the spectrum to support discovery and innovation. In the NSF's Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 Performance and Financial Highlights report Director Sethuraman Panchanathan said that the agency is 'the Nation's preeminent source of federal funding for basic research in computer science, engineering, biology, the social sciences, mathematics, geosciences, the physical sciences, and education'. NSF has an annual budget of around US$8.3 billion and a broad reach, directly supporting an estimated 313,000 people in 2020. This support assisted researchers, postdoctoral fellows, trainees, teachers and students in bringing their ideas to life and, ultimately, moving closer to real-world impacts with the potential to solve societal challenges. Discovery, learning and research infrastructure are NSF's key strategic goals and it places emphasis on diverse, interdisciplinary and international collaborations in order to extend its reach as far as possible and invests in research connected to learning, innovation and service to society. Assistant directors head up NSF's seven sections; each one intended to support research and education in science and engineering. The sections are: biological sciences, computer and information science and engineering, engineering, geosciences, mathematical and physical sciences, social, behavioural and economic sciences, and education and human resources. In 2020, $8.4 billion funding was awarded by NSF to 1,900 colleges, universities and other institutions.

Impact of Orthopaedic Surgeons on National Institutes of Health Funding for Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Research.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) remains one of the predominant sources of biomedical research funding in the United States, yet its impact on total hip and knee arthroplasty research is poorly understood. This study defines the portfolio of NIH funding for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and the impact of orthopaedic surgeons on this portfolio. The Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results (RePORTER) database was queried for NIH grants that had been awarded for total hip and knee arthroplasty and total NIH funding from 2010 to 2020. Compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) were calculated. Funding totals were compared with those from 20 other clinical areas. The principal investigators (PIs) and grants were characterized, and comparisons were made with use of the Student t test. A total of 489 grants were awarded, totaling $181 million (CAGR of 10.3%). This was >3 times the growth rate for the total NIH budget (CAGR of 2.9%), which increased from $31.2 to $41.7 billion over the 11-year period. When compared with 20 other clinical areas, TJA received the least amount of NIH funding over that period. Alzheimer disease received the most funding ($12.1 billion, CAGR of 19.5%), and cerebral palsy received the penultimate amount of funding ($284 million, CAGR of 6.3%). The R01 grant mechanism was the predominant source (63.1%), and the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) received the most funding (9.7%). Departments of orthopaedic surgery were awarded the most funding (23.5%), yet only 20 orthopaedic surgeons were identified as PIs (16.0%). There were no significant differences in NIH funding totals by PI demographic and academic characteristics (p > 0.05), yet orthopaedic surgeons had among the highest Hirsch indices (h-indices) (p < 0.001). Funding supported clinical (63.5%), translational (19.3%), basic science (7.1%), and other types (10.1%) of research. The top areas with funding were postoperative complications (44.4%), postoperative pain management (17.6%), rehabilitation (15.1%), and implant design (12.4%). There is a paucity of orthopaedic surgeon representation among NIH grants awarded for TJA. Opportunities may exist for orthopaedic surgeons to collaborate in identified areas of clinical interest. Additional research is needed to understand the obstacles to obtaining NIH grant funding for orthopaedic surgeon PIs. Increasing the levels of funding from the NIH is a strategic priority for departments of orthopaedic surgery. Understanding levels of funding for clinical areas in total joint arthroplasty is critical to foster research and discovery support from the NIH.

How common is patient and public involvement (PPI)? Cross-sectional analysis of frequency of PPI reporting in health research papers and associations with methods, funding sources and other factors

ObjectivesPatient and public involvement (PPI) in health research is required by some funders and publications but we know little about how common it is. In this study we estimated the...

The Neglected Role of Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression.

The Neglected Role of Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Fraud and Deceit in Medical Research

Fraud and Deceit in Medical Research

SWOT ANALYSIS IN IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF TEACHING AND EDUCATION AT IAIN PONTIANAK

An overview of the problem of this study is to analyze the performance of IAIN Pontianak sourced from Tri Dharma college. The purpose of this study is: reveal how to maximize strengths, analyze how to minimize weaknesses, reveal how to take advantage of opportunities, and analyze how to anticipate threats to the performance of IAIN Pontianak Education and teaching. This research is descriptive research with a SWOT analysis approach(Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Data collection techniques used in the form of free interviews guided to several related informants and documentation techniques in the form of documents and images that are considered important. This study resulted in potential findings and problems in the performance of IAIN Pontianak starting from 2015-2019. From the results of the identification of potential and problems in the performance of IAIN Pontianak, then studied and analyzed through SWOT analysis. The results obtained, namely: 1) The strengths that must be maximized so that the performance of IAIN Pontianak increases such as MoU, human resources educators and education personnel, reference collections, communication systems and technology. 2) Weaknesses that must be minimized by IAIN Pontianak, such as the high high high school enthusiasts from Aliyah or pesantren, low curriculum quality, graduation rate has not been maximized Graduation productivity levels are still not maximal and the placement and management of educators that need to be improved. 3) Opportunities that must be utilized by IAIN Pontianak, such as the interest of SLTA graduates entering IAIN, terse he is a source of research funding from UNDP, Diktis, DIPA IAIN Pontianak, the establishment of cooperation opportunities between IAIN Pontianak with other universities, the current regulations allow the change of IAIN status to UIN . 4) The threats that must be anticipated are the proliferation of religious universities, campus promos outside Kalimantan are more attractive, limited funds for the development of sapras and lack of participation of lecturers and education personnel in competency certification and trainings, spmi functions are less maximal, quotas for receiving research grant funds are few, limited quota of publication of research results.Keywords: SWOT, Teaching, Education, Improving, IAIN Pontianak.

Systematic review/Meta Analysis of Moxibustion in the Treatment of Functional Constipation based on Radar Plot Multivariate Evaluation of Literature Quality

Objective: The multiple evaluation method of radar map was used to evaluate the literature quality of systematic evaluation /meta analysis of moxibustion therapy for functional constipation, providing clear and reliable evidence for the majority of users. Methods: The retrieval strategy was developed and perfected, and the quality of literature was evaluated from six aspects: publication time, design type, AMSTAR score, PRISMA score, heterogeneity and publication bias.Results: Finally, 5 literature that met the established requirements were included, and the publication years were concentrated from 2018 to 2021. Randomized controlled trials accounted for a large proportion of design types, AMSTAR scores ranged from 12 to 23, PRISMA scores ranged from 21 to 40, and the average rank score of 5 literature was 3.43. Among them, the literature quality of xuan Yichen and Wu Xinyu was relatively good, with balanced and stable scores in all dimensions, while the treatment of the rest was poor (mainly manifested in: the literature retrieval strategy was not comprehensive enough; The existence of heterogeneity was not satisfactorily explained and discussed; Lack of reporting on research funding and funding sources; Lack of literature search and screening flow chart reports in study selection; The characteristics of the literature are not fully reported). Most literature have low homogeneity and publication bias.Conclusion: Systematic evaluation/Meta Analysis of moxibustion therapy for functional constipation the quality of literature needs to be further improved, especially the quality of methodology and reportage. The radar chart shows the data in a concise, intuitive and clear way, which is worthy of wide application in various specialties of traditional Chinese medicine.

Research on the Management of Natural Science Foundation in Colleges and Universities

Natural Science Foundation is an important source of funds for scientific research in colleges and universities. This paper explores the whole process management mode of natural science fund from application to conclusion, which improves the scientificity and standardization of fund management. By using advanced data analysis tools, it provides deeper and more intuitive decision support for fund management. By means of performance appraisal, we encourage original exploration, focusing on the science forefront, and output of high-level scientific research achievements. This paper will lay a good foundation for improving the quality and efficiency of natural science foundation management.