Source Of Propaganda Research Articles

Пропагандистські технології Першої світової війни, Другої світової війни й російсько-української війни 2014–2023 років: порівняльний аналіз

The purposeof the study was to identify, describe, and compare propaganda manipulation technologies of the First World War, the Second World War, and the Russian-Ukrainian War of 2014–2023.Research methods. The author used the methods of analogy and comparison, thanks to which he compared the technologies of propaganda manipulation during the First World War, the Second World War, and the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2014–2023. The author used the method of description, in particular, drawing up tables to show the similarities and differences of the technologies of propaganda manipulation in periods selected for the analysis of wars.The research methodologyconsisted of several procedures: creating Table 1 «Propaganda manipulation technologies during the First World War, the Second World War and the Russian-Ukrainian war 2014–2023», entering data according to the criteria: «Sources of propaganda», «Direction of propaganda», «Ideology», «Society's reaction to propagandistic manipulation technologies».Based on the resultsof the analysis, it was established that the maximum number of propaganda sources was found in the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2014–2023. Among the orientations of propaganda, their commonality was found in the wars chosen for research. In the table and diagram we created, we investigated and depicted the difference in ideologies, and established the so-called transformation of ideology from the period of one war to the period of another. Researching society's reaction to propagandist manipulation technologies revealed a tendency to decrease the number of reactions, which is explained by the increase in control of all spheres of life during the wartime period and oppression by the state regarding protests and oppositional actions of the population.Conclusions. Indeed, there are both similarities and differences in propaganda manipulation technologies in the period of wars chosen for study. Keywords:propaganda, propaganda technologies, First World War, the Second World War, Russian-Ukrainian war.

Роль правовой пропаганды в укреплении идеологических основ общества

Introduction. The development of the national legal system cannot take place in isolation from the legal ideology. In its turn, the legal ideology determines the goals of the influence of legal propaganda: the ideas-values, that are key to the influencing nature of propaganda, remain basic in the legal ideology. Despite the fact that ideas-values set the goals of the impact of legal propaganda, the effectiveness of the propaganda itself depends directly on these value ideas. Theoretical analysis. The direct influence of legal propaganda is expressed in the assimilation by the individual of those stereotypes and behavior patterns that the individual was aimed at. Indirect (mediated) influence of legal propaganda is also possible. Indirect influence can be spotted in cases where there was no targeted impact, but the result is manifested in the reinforcement of previously formed attitudes, possibly through intermediary subjects, as well as under the influence of the social environment. Any law in force is an indicator of those ideas about law that have developed in a particular society and in itself also has a law-propaganda effect. Legal propaganda is not limited to its legal component: the ideological component also includes subjective components responsible for the perception and understanding of legal behavior, whether it is the political experience of the addressee, his / her sense of justice and civic responsibility. Accordingly, there is a dependence of the effectiveness of the perception of legal propaganda on the level of legal awareness: at the level of professional legal awareness, we believe that a high level of perception of legal propaganda can be registered (depending on the source of propaganda, scientific methods, manipulative means, sensitivity to public assessments, critical comprehension, etc.). Results. An extensive system of state propaganda, including legal propaganda, ensures the formation of common value orientations in society. State propaganda is multifaceted, but it is always in line with the legal field. It is concluded that propaganda is one of those active components, means that ensure the real effectiveness of legal ideology. If the legal ideology is presented as a complex mechanism of influence for the formation of certain behavior, propaganda is the means of operation of this mechanism, both in the activities of state structures and in the work of civil society institutions. It is emphasized that since the legal ideology is always tied to the results of the legal understanding of the world, the specific impact of the legal ideology is ensured by legal propaganda.

Development of Post Normal Science: Sociological and Public Administrative Perspectives

The objective of this paper is to examine the evolution of post-normal science from the sociology and public administration perspectives. The library approach described in this article employs literature review. This article examines the notion of post-normal science, post-normal science from the sociological viewpoint, and the evolution of the science of public administration. Post-Normal Science is a method of investigation whose impartiality is not always attainable. As a consequence of the interference of rational forces, particularly politics, with objection and sensitivity, predictability and control are constrained. It is utilized to control and determine sociology's connection with the state and its funding sources. Sociology is supported for instrumental purposes in connection to societal aims, despite the fact that it is not intended to be a source of propaganda and should have its own goals, including the goal of being a science.

“Uncle Vova, we are with you!” The use of childhood semantics in Russian political propaganda

The presented article focuses on the analysis of the semantic field of childhood in the propaganda of Soviet and modern Russia. Using a semantic analysis inspired by the works of A. Wierzbicka and J. Lakoff, the author analyses the historical semantic sources of propaganda and the use of the category of childhood in them. An example of an analysed propaganda product is the song “Uncle Vova, we are with you!” published online in 2017. The analysis proves that the semantics of the Russian propaganda message is based on patterns from previous eras with an invariant element – World War II, which is a kind of myth about the beginning of the Russian world. The war in Ukraine today additionally updates the meanings related to the armed conflict and patriotism. The analysis shows that childhood implies patriotism that invokes military meanings and is deeply immersed in the historical context of the war.

Активизация лекционной политико-просветительной работы на Алтае в послевоенный период

In modern historiography, the problem of the relationship between party-political interpretations of the past and the mass historical ideas constructed in the post-war decade remains poorly understood. The article undertakes a socio-cultural analysis of lecture activities in Altai in the ideological space of 1945-1955. The research is based on the normative documents of the Central and Altai Regional Committees of the Communist Party; clerical sources of propaganda and agitation bodies of the region from the funds of the State Archives of the Altai Territory; materials of the press, educational and instructive literature on the issues of ideological work. It has been established that during the period under review in Altai, the propaganda network, reduced during the war years, was expanding, which was faced with the task of constructing in the minds of the population ideas about justice and the advantages of the socio-political system in Soviet Russia. The agitation carried out in the region pursued the goal of eradicating from the worldview of the inhabitants of the traditional views that did not fit into the creation of the image of the USSR as an advanced superpower based on the idea of modernization. At the same time, in the conditions of post-war devastation, the fulfillment of the large-scale task of constructing a unified model of collective identification was complicated by a complex of difficulties caused by the socio-cultural situation of the agrarian peripheral region.

Frontline Drawings of Ukrainian Artists of the Second World War Period

Purpose of the article. During World War II, hundreds of Ukrainian artists were at the front. The drawings they created were a powerful source of propaganda for the Soviet regime. At the same time, in the general unity of the full-scale front-line drawing the individual features of artists of great artistic skill are clearly traced. The aim of the article is to determine the circle of leading Ukrainian artists who during the Second World War were in the troops of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RSCA) and worked in the field of drawing; to study the genre, artistic and stylistic structure, as well as materials and techniques of frontal drawings; identify the features of the reproduction of space-time in the front-line drawing of Ukrainian artists. Methodology. The study is based on the principle of historicism, a combination of historical and cultural, contextual methods, art history image and stylistic and system-comparative analysis. Scientific novelty. Peculiarities of human psychology of perception were clearly manifested in the drawing of frontline artists. The compression of the time field in the drawings of frontline artists is due not only to the doctrine of socialist realism, which was based on spatial three-dimensionality, but also to the peculiarities of human perception of time and space in stressful conditions. This also explains the difference of time display in the drawings created by the artists in the conditions of the front and evacuation. Artists, whose period of study coincided with the years of the avant-garde, the introduction of formal foundations of art in educational institutions, have achieved a much deeper and broader interpretation in the drawing of temporal and spatial categories. Conclusions. Frontline sketches were pictorial diaries: notes, sketches that were intended to be triggers for memories, for further writing of pictorial "memoirs" - paintings on the theme of war. This theme of Soviet propaganda will become a pass for future decades in all artistic spheres, both artistic and literary, musical, film and theater, etc., ensuring the favor of party leaders and the respect of the average Soviet man. Drawings of Serhiy Hryhoriev, Zinovy ​​Tolkachov, Vasyl Ovchynnikov, Anatol Petrytsky, Georgy Melikhov, Anton Komashko and other prominent Ukrainian artists are distinguished by the ability to give the passage of events the meaning of epic generalization, elevation above the simplified goal of capturing the moment. Keywords: drawing, Ukrainian drawing, frontline drawing, sketch, the Second World War, portrait, landscape.

The Propaganda of Deepening Belarusian-Russian Integration in the Pro-Russian Internet Media of Belarus

The article analyzes the functioning of pro-Russian propaganda Internet media in the Republic of Belarus, which testifies to their purposeful activities designed to promote integration narratives in the country’s information space. It is concluded that the rhetoric used by Russian and pro-Russian Belarusian Internet media is essentially the same and does not differ significantly depending on the considered source of propaganda. It has been determined that the information impact is carried out using a set of identical theses, techniques and formulations that justify the commonality of history, culture and the need for the unity of the Belarusian and Russian peoples. It is noted that the actual identification of Belarusian national interests with Russian interests is used to justify the necessity and inevitability of Belarus’ civilizational choice in favor of Russia.

PROTOCOL: Online interventions for reducing hate speech and cyberhate: A systematic review.

PROTOCOL: Online interventions for reducing hate speech and cyberhate: A systematic review.

THE THEME OF THE GERMAN SUBMARINES’ACTIVITIES COVERED IN THE PRESS PROPAGANDA ON THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF “SUMY HERALD” IN 1941-1943)

The materials of the newspaper “Sumy Herald” published during the period of the German occupation in the city of Sumy and devoted to the German submarines’ activities are analyzed in the article. The objective of the publication is to highlight the usage of this theme by the German propaganda to influence the Ukrainian population through the local press. The author has come to the conclusion that newspapers were the most widespread and effective form of propaganda at that time on the occupied territories of the USSR and Ukraine. In comparison to the radio and cinema they were able to cover the considerable part of the rural and urban population. The reports concerning the conduct of military operations were produced centrally and did not take into consideration the specific nature of perceiving this sort of information by the local population. They reports were overloaded with digital, geographic data and specific terms. Only in the second half of 1942 the articles, maps and charts meant to explain certain issues of the undersea war were produced. The greatest attention to the German submarines’ activities was paid by the propaganda in the period from February to September 1942. This is related to the successful actions of the German troops at the Eastern coast of the North Africa. The information concerning this theme was generally published on the first page. It was printed in the headings or subheadings, the bold font was used in the text of the article. Sometimes some illustrations in the form of photos and cartoons were used. The latter were not very common in the newspapers of that period. The information about the undersea war was provided quite promptly and in general was accurate. Except the loses of Britain and its allies in separate military operations the general data concerning the tonnage of sunk ships was published. The information about the German submarines loses was not given in contrast to the loses of the planes, for example. The reports references to the names of the submarines’ captains without providing any information about their personalities had no “personification” effect. Perhaps, it might be compensated by other sources of propaganda, for example by “Die Deutsche Wochenschau” series in the cinemas. But the latter covered a considerably lesser audience in comparison to the newspapers.

Playing for Hate? Extremism, Terrorism, and Videogames

Although the production of videogames by extremist and terrorist groups has markedly declined since a high point in the 2000s, game-based interventions remain highly significant, whether through the adoption of gaming-based iconography in extremist and terrorist social media campaigns or through the activity of modders and groups’ supporters who continue to make games championing extremists and terrorists. Building on Conway’s 2017 call to look anew at the nexus between violent extremism, terrorism, and the internet, we problematize existing work on the use of videogames by extremists and terrorists. First, we argue that research needs to move beyond viewing games as tools for recruitment: seeing videogames as sources of propaganda that work to reinforce the views of those already empathetic to and/or attuned to a group’s messages significantly expands our understanding of the interrelationship between players and extremist and terrorist videogames. Second, we argue that the present literature – whilst impressive – has overly privileged the “reading” of in-game representations, at the expense of attention to the central role of interactive gameplay in promoting the strategic communication and propaganda aims of a group. It is through the undertaking of in-game actions that a player comes to experience a group’s values and aims. Research on videogames, extremism and terrorism is at a nascent stage – this article seeks to provoke further thinking and open up spaces for debate in this crucial, yet under-studied, area.

Slavery: an Excerpt from “The God of the Bible Was an Important Outlet to African Americans During Slavery and Segregation: Freedom Itself Was Important to Americans Because Slavery and Life Are in Contrast”

This paper is an excerpt, a chapter, of a much longer work called, “The God of the Bible was an important outlet to African Americans during slavery and segregation: Freedom itself was important to Americans because slavery and life are in contrast.” In this section, I attempt to define slavery and some of the cultural impacts of the Bible’s definition. I also reference the experience of slaves with respect to Christianity’s theological opinions pertaining to American and world slavery. This is done through an analysis of the Bible and researchers who have commented on the subjects involved with servitude. The earliest essayist I reference is Cugoano; he published his ideas in 1787. This is done to show the evolution of the myth of the Bible’s definition of slavery. In this paper, I counter false interpretations of Biblical slavery and servitude. The term “STF” is used to represent the Star Trek Fan, referencing cultural atheism promoted by sources of propaganda from popular media. I attempt to redirect the conversation from cultural myths to historical arguments.

Letters as a Source of Propaganda during the Kakheti Uprising of 1812

Letters as a Source of Propaganda during the Kakheti Uprising of 1812

Jean du Tillet and the French Wars of Religion: Five Tracts, 1562-69 (review)

Reviews 159 market place and the view that Hamlet illustrates the importance of 'critical reflection' in the history of modern culture. Axel Kruse Engblsh Department University of Sydney Brown, Elizabeth A. R., ed., Jean du Tillet and the French Wars of Religion: Five Tracts, 1562-69 (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 108), Binghamton, N e w York, 1994; cloth; pp. xii, 231; R.R.P. US$40.00. Jean du Tillet is best k n o w n for his Recueils recording French history using the court records and archival material to which he had access in his positions as royal prothonotary and secretary and as greffier civil at the Parlement of Paris. Yet D u Tillet also wrote at least eight tracts, five of which remain in manuscript until now, which bear witness to his fervent belief in Catholicism as the one true faith and his rejection of opposing, or even conciliatory, positions. Elizabeth A. R. Brown treats in her book those five manuscript tracts written in the last decade of D u Tillet's life, between 1562 and 1569, as the absolute authority of Catholicism was increasingly threatened and factional fighting with Huguenots erupted. The knowledge of the archival material D u Tillet had obtained through his research on the Recueils was an invaluable source of propaganda of which he could make use in his more polemical works defending the Catholic faith. Only two of his eight treatises were published in D u Tillet's lifetime, and these anonymously. Another was published posthumously in the final decade of the sixteenth century. Brown suggests at least three of his tracts m a y have been entirely private works D u Tillet did not circulate, surviving only in draft form. A s the author of personal works, D u Tillet was not constrained to temper his viewpoints and, in some cf his tracts, his overwhelming conviction about Catholicism and its inextricable connection to the concept of the monarchy appears to have destroyed the objectivity and critical eye with which he used the archival material in his Recueils. Brown proposes that D u Tillet's tracts provide us with a unique personal 160 Reviews response to the events of the Wars of Religion. She argues that since few members of the pro-Catholic Parlement of Paris left an individual record of their opinions, D u Tillet's works provide insight as a reflection of the mindset of this powerful section of the community. Brown provides a dense introduction situating D u Tillet's work in its historical and political context. However, some comparison to contemporary tracts might have been useful to draw attention to those original elements and sources in D u Tillet's works and those which were c o m m o n to many pro-Catholic treatises. Each work is prefaced by a further brief note containing bibliographical details. The decision to publish both an English translation and the original French text makes the book accessible to a wide audience. The smooth English translations provide the non-French reader with an introduction to the issues and debates of the French Wars of Religion and the sixteenthcentury French specialist can consult the original text, otherwise only available in manuscript copies in Paris. The bibliography provides a vast array of further reading material to which an interested reader could refer, although a division between primary source material and secondary reading matter would have been helpful. However, minor criticisms do not detract from what is essentially a well-researched and informative addition to the study of both the Reformation and sixteenth-century France. Susan Broomhall School of European Languages The University of Western Australia Bullough, Vern L. and James A. Brundage, ed., Handbook of Medieval Sexuality (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities 1696), N e w York and London, Garland, 1996; board; pp. xviii, 441; R.R.P. US$78.00. The aim of this Handbook, according to the editors' Introduction, is to compensate for the neglect of the field of sexuality in earlier medievalists' work and to draw to scholars' and students' attention the state of research in this area in the hope of increasing 'its interest and appeal...