Sources Of Water Pollution Research Articles

Bioremoval of industrial dyes using different microorganisms

Textile dyeing effluents are a major source of water pollution because of their pigmentation and the creation of harmful or potentially cancer-causing intermediate compounds, such as aromatic amines originating from azo dyes. The extensive industrial expansion and uncontrolled rapid growth of current textile manufacturing facilities have led to the discharge of large volumes of untreated textile dye effluents, which contain a variety of hazardous contaminants like dyes, metal ions, heavy metals, organic substances, and other toxic materials. Bioremediation is a promising alternative to conventional treatment methods for textile dyeing effluents. It is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that uses biological organisms to degrade and remove pollutants from the environment. This review evaluates the performance and typical attributes of bioremediation and stands out as a practical and effective option for addressing the treatment of textile dyes. It also highlights the current challenges and anticipated advancements in the field of bioremediation techniques for the removal of dye-containing wastewater in the future.

Using bacterial and mitochondrial DNA markers to assess fecal pollution sources in stream water and sediments of a mixed land-use watershed.

Although stream bed sediment can be an important reservoir of fecal bacteria and pathogens, it is rarely analyzed when assessing microbial water quality. This study aims to identify fecal contamination sources in stream water and sediment and evaluate the impact of rainfall events on microbial water quality in a mixed land-use watershed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to quantify human-, cattle-, and chicken-associated genetic markers during dry and wet periods in the Middle Tallapoosa watershed in Alabama, USA. Human- and cattle-associated markers were consistently detected in water samples, irrespective of precipitation, whereas chicken-associated markers were predominantly found following significant rainfall events. In the sediment, all markers were detected at higher concentrations but with lower frequency than in the water. E. coli concentrations in water samples correlated significantly with 2-day antecedent rainfall and streamflow and were substantially lower than in the sediment. Humans and cattle were the primary contamination sources in the study area, and runoff from storms and sediment contributed to fecal contamination in the streams.

Protein-Affinity Guided Nontargeted Analysis Reveals the Widespread FXR-Antagonistic Pollutants in Surface Water and Source Water Along the Yangtze River and Yellow River.

Metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) have attracted widespread attention due to their contributions to the prevalence of metabolic diseases worldwide. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a typical lipid-sensing nuclear receptor and plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic diseases. However, few studies have examined the FXR activities of environmental samples and the corresponding MDCs. In this study, we found FXR-antagonistic activities in 93.6% of source water, surface water, and wastewater samples (n = 78) collected from the Yangtze River and Yellow River. An FXR protein-affinity guided nontargeted analysis was performed and identified 79 potential FXR-active pollutants in samples from these two rivers. Nine of these pollutants exhibited strong FXR-antagonistic activities (IC50: 2.39-141.9 μM), and 6 pollutants, including triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 4,4'-sulfonylbis[2-(2-propenyl) phenol (TGSA), tonalid (AHTN), dichlorophen, etoxazole (ETX), and loratadine, were identified to be FXR antagonists for the first time. The total concentrations of the nine FXR-antagonistic pollutants were relatively high in the middle and downstream reaches of the Yellow River and the downstream reaches of the Yangtze River, and two pollutants (TGSA and ETX) have not previously been found in aquatic environments. A risk prioritization analysis revealed that TPHP, TGSA, and AHTN are priority pollutants with the potential to affect the FXR. Appropriate management of these priority pollutants would reduce the health risks of metabolic disruptions associated with exposure to these MDCs.

Examination of heavy metal concentrations and their interaction with anthropogenic sources in Ermenek Dam Lake (Turquoise Lake)

This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in Ermenek Dam Lake, water quality assessment and pollution sources. For this purpose, samples were taken 6 times a year from 12 points determined in 2024. Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals were analyzed in the study. Using the analysis results, indexes such as Water Quality Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index were calculated. The results show that the lake water complies with TS 266 and WHO standards. The index results indicate that the lake water is at low pollution and risk level and is safe. The distribution and sources of heavy metals were examined using correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Correlation analyses showed that there were significant relationships between pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and TDS and heavy metals. PCA results revealed that Zn was positively correlated with temperature and pH, while Mn and Ni were inversely correlated. The alignment of Pb, Cu and Cd in the same direction showed that these parameters were affected by common sources. HCA results showed that Cr and Fe have similar transport and source properties, while Mn and Ni are affected by different sources. In general, it was determined that heavy metal pollution in lake water was at low levels and local concentrations were present. The study revealed the effects of anthropogenic activities on the lake ecosystem. The findings of the study provide a guiding basis for water quality management in similar hydrological systems.Graphical abstract

Bio-green synthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles using almond gum for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants and biocompatibility.

The discharge of dye-contaminated industrial wastewater is a significant source of water and soil pollution. The eco-friendly synthesis of multifunctional bismuth oxide nanoparticles (BiO-NPs) offers a promising approach for the removal of toxic contaminants. The incorporation of natural polymers in nanoparticle production has gained significant scientific attention due to their environmentally friendly and efficient properties. This study emphasizes the use of almond gum (ALG) as a potent bio-reductant for the green synthesis of BiO-NPs. The synthesized BiO NPs exhibited a surface area of 24.5774 m2/g, demonstrating their potential for enhanced catalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity of the BiO NPs was evaluated by degrading Congo Red and Brilliant Green dyes under visible light irradiation, achieving degradation efficiencies of 90.21 % ± 0.32 and 90.52 % ± 0.29, respectively. Radical trapping experiments confirmed the primary roles of photo-generated electrons and hydroxyl radicals in the degradation process. The reusability analysis demonstrated that the BiO-NPs could be effectively recycled for 4 cycles, maintaining good stability. Degradation intermediates were identified using LCMS. Additionally, the catalytic reduction conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using NaBH₄ achieved a degradation efficiency of 92 % ± 0.41 within 32 min. Biocompatibility assessments using NIH/3T3 cell lines indicated that ALG-BiO NPs are safe for environmental applications.

Fascinating physicochemical features of wasted biomass nanoscale biosorbent for heavy metal ions removal from water

Abstract Pollution of aquatic systems and habitats by heavy metals is a significant concern to the ecosystem and health of humans as it arises from different sources, including industrial discharges, agricultural activities, mining activities, and disposal of toxic substances. Heavy metals introduced in water bodies may also come through leachates from contaminated soils and sediments. Subsequent bioaccumulation in marine organisms and spheres of life around lakes, rivers, and oceans is inevitable upon their introduction. Recently, some studies have shed light on nano-waste biomass (NWB), which can be deliberately used to remove heavy metal ions from polluted waters. It is produced from eco-friendly agro-industrial and is treated on the nanometer scale, which enhances adsorption because its size has increased, increasing its surface area and active sites for binding. This novel technology deals with heavy metal pollution and waste management, as it helps recycle unwanted materials into useful adsorbents, thereby minimizing incinerators and reducing tree cuts. Metal ions from water can be removed through adsorption, where NWB is bonded to metal ions. NWB has been acknowledged as an economically viable and environmentally benign means of decontamination. Advanced analytical methods, such as X-ray diffusion, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and others, were used for the extensive characterization of NWB. The lemon peel nanoparticles exhibited a particle size range of 40 nm–65 nm. Additionally, a few experiments about contact time and pH were performed to improve NWB adsorption and increase NWB efficiency in eradicating heavy metal ions from polluted water sources.

The mechanism of microplastic fibers release in a front-loading washing machine

Microplastic fibers (with a diameter of less than 5 mm) generated by synthetic textiles during the washing machine laundering process are considered to be one of the primary sources of pollution in both water and land environments. This study aimed to investigate the impact of novel combinations of washing parameters on the release of microplastic fibers. A wall-mounted drum washing machine was chosen as the subject of research in order to comprehensively examine the influence of washing conditions on the release of microplastic fibers during the washing process. The results showed that the length of shedding microplastic fibers were between 300 and 400 µm. The diameter of the shedding microplastic fibers was 13 ± 1 µm. High amounts of water and high load can lead to an increase of fiber microplastic release. Abrasion between fabrics influenced the release of microplastic fibers according to the movement of the fabric, which could affect fiber directional migration conditions. The findings on microplastic fibers release will help in the development of better front-loading washers.

Evaluation of water quality status and pollution source apportionment of Kulfo River adjacent to Arba Minch town

Evaluation of water quality status and pollution source apportionment of Kulfo River adjacent to Arba Minch town

Tracing the Surface Water Pollution in a Chemical Park Based on the Fusion of Spectral and Chromatographic Characteristic Data

Identification of the pollution source of surface water in a chemical park was difficult because many industrial enterprises with complex wastewater components and similar characteristics are located there. Therefore, a national-level chemical park in Jiaxing City was studied, and wastewater samples from ten batches of seven key enterprises in the park were collected and analyzed using 3D excitation emission matrix spectrometry （EEMS） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Parallel factor analysis was used to extract common components of EEMS spectra from different batches of drainage in the same enterprise to construct an EEMS characteristic data matrix. Furthermore, specific substances with high detection rates or that could effectively distinguish other enterprise drainage were screened out from the GC-MS data to construct a GC-MS characteristic data matrix. Pollution source identification was attempted with different models based on different data matrices. The results showed that regardless of whether being based on the EEMS original data matrix, the EEMS characteristic data matrix, or the GC-MS characteristic data matrix, the identification accuracy of the BP neural network model was not high, only 71.43%, 76.19%, and 71.43%, respectively, which was slightly higher than that of the support vector machine model （76.19%, 76.19%, and 57.14%）. However, when the EEMS and GC-MS characteristic data fusion matrix were used, the pollution source identification performance was significantly improved. The identification accuracy, macro precision, macro recall, and macro harmonic mean of the support vector machine model for the wastewater of the seven enterprises were 95.24%, 96.43%, 95.24%, and 95.10%, respectively, while the performance of the BP neural network model was better, with all four indicators close to 100%. The study provides an effective method for identifying surface water pollution sources in chemical parks.

Use of EDS/EDX to evaluate heavy metals pollution in water sources

The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of brick kilns in contaminating water bodies with heavy metals in Punjab, India. The energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS/EDX) machine effectively tested heavy metals in water samples. The research revealed that the surface water near the brick kilns was extensively polluted with heavy metals. Their Pollution Load Index (PLI) values varied between 2.83 and 52.98, and their degree of contamination was “Progressive deterioration”. The PLI values for groundwater ranged between 0.089 and 3.68, and the degree of contamination varied from “Baseline levels of pollutants” to “Progressive deterioration”. In general, the groundwater of the studied area had a PLI value of 0.477 (Baseline levels of pollutants), whereas the surface water had a PLI value of 11.453 (Progressive deterioration). The Water Quality Index (WQI) of groundwater was highly influenced by heavy metals, notably Arsenic (As) from lithologic origins, and Lead (Pb) from the burning of fuels in the brick kilns. In descending order, Pb>Zn>As>Cr>Ni metals were influencing the PLI, and the correlation matrixes demonstrated that the presence of heavy metals was associated with the PLI and WQI values. Therefore, there is evidence that brick kilns are polluting water bodies with heavy metals. EDS proved to be one of the instruments to evaluate the chemical elements in water. It was recommended to enforce the law governing the use of biomass to reduce vast quantities of coal used in baking bricks.

Remote sensing research on plastics in marine and inland water: Development, opportunities and challenge.

The accumulation of plastic waste from various sources into marine and inland water is considered a global problem due to its serious impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In the past decade, remote sensing has played an important role in monitoring of plastic pollution in marine and inland water sources and has achieved a series of research results in this field. In this study, a comprehensive review was conducted on the development, opportunities, and challenges of datasets and methods in Marine and Inland Water Plastics Remote Sensing (MIWPRS) monitoring over the past decade, based on the Web of Science (WOS) core database. The results indicated that compared with traditional methods, remote sensing has attracted the attention of scholars due to its advantages. Since 2014, the number of related publications has been increasing year by year, especially in China and the United States, which have achieved tremendous development. The MIWPRS research focus mostly on the use of different satellite remote sensing data and related algorithms to obtain the distribution of plastics in marine and inland water. However, it faces the challenge of lacking subsequent systematic impact assessment models and key pollution prevention measures. In terms of data acquisition, there is a lack of continuous observation models due to the fluidity of marine and inland water. Therefore, MIWPRS has great development opportunities in developing specialized sensors and combining multi-source data with interdisciplinary knowledge such as artificial intelligence (AI) and GIS. It is necessary for us to improve the seasonal migration model of plastics in water and promote the development of MIWPRS towards broader and deeper fields.

Techno-Ecological Management of Lakes and Reservoirs using Remote sensing and Gis

Water is susceptible to get contaminated by any foreign matter and this may be either natural or artificial. Any alteration in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water as well as contamination of any foreign substances leads to health hazard. The polluted natural water resources are hazardous to aquatic life and also to human life. The major sources of water pollution are domestic waste from urban areas, rural areas and industrial wastes, which are discharged into natural water bodies. Reservoirs and lakes occupy a prominent place in the history of irrigation in South India. Tanks are considered to be useful life saving mechanism in the water scarcity areas which are categorized as Arid and Semi-arid zones. The lakes and reservoirs, all over the country without exception, are in varying degrees of environmental degradation. The degradation is due to encroachments, eutrophication and siltation. There has been a quantum jump in population during the last century without corresponding expansion of civic facilities resulting in deterioration of lakes and reservoirs, especially in urban and semi urban areas becoming sinks for the contaminants. The degradation of reservoir and lake catchments due to deforestation, stone quarrying, sand mining, extensive agricultural use, consequent erosion and increased silt flows have vitiated the quality of water stored in the reservoirs. The study area vie., Byramangala reservoir catchment has an areal extent of 340 sq.km,and command area of 28 sqkm It is encompassed by East longitude 770 23'45"- 770 34'16"and North latitude 120 45' 00"- 130 02' 40"at a distance of about 40 km from Bangalore. The paper discusses the physico-chemical and bacteriological studies carried out on surface and ground water and soil in the Byramangala reservoir catchment and the command area. The surface water and ground water in the catchment and command areas were subjected to qualitative analysis for its physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The sampling was done at a monthly interval of three months, i.e., in the month of April2012, September2012, and January 2013.The results of analyses of water samples reveal that water is polluted at certain locations. The max and min values of BOD are 108 mg/l and 48.5mg/l, the COD 264mg/l and86.3mg/l, TDS 1691mg/l and 990 mg/l, DO are 2.5ppm to 1.2 ppm, Water quality Index between 289 to 112.The presence of heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr in vegetation and soil of command area is beyond the permissible limits at certain locations. The total–coliform andfaecalcoliform in ground water and surface water at certain locations and reservoir varies between 64x104 /100ml to9600/100ml which indicates that water is highly polluted with domestic and industrial effluents. Techno-ecological approaches such asSoil scrape filter, Succession pond, Green lake technology, Green bridge technology will help to reduce pollution levels in the Byramangala reservoir, its catchment and command areas.

Институциональный подход к реализации инновационного проекта «Чистая вода» в регионах России

The article examines the activities of state and municipal authorities in the implementation of the project «Clean Water». The set of organizational, managerial and economic relations for providing the population with clean drinking water is analyzed. The main reasons for bad-th position in providing the population with clean water technology from water sector and insufficient investment, required in the new water treatment technology, water treatment and sanitation, the result of which is that the poor quality of water services, widespread pollution of water sources in industrial and domestic sewage. It is proved that if in the coming years it is not possible to lay the foundations and create mechanisms for the transition of the water supply sector to an innovative development model, then we can expect a further deterioration in the situation in the field of providing clean water to the population. Innovative approaches to the implementation of the «Clean Water» project (institutional support of the project implementation process; development and application of new technologies for water treatment and water supply; use of new organizational and managerial approaches to improving the economic and social efficiency of water supply to the population) are justified. The elements of the institutional support of the Clean Water project are shown. Based on the analysis of the process of water supply and water supply in the Vologda region, the possibility of implementing the project «Clean Water» is justified. The theoretical and methodological analysis of the formation and development of program approaches to providing clean drinking water to the population is carried out, the need for an innovative approach to the implementation of the strategic directions of the State Program «Clean Water» is justified. Justified budgetary efficiency index, which is defined as the ratio of the volume of investments from the Federal budget allocated for this object to the planned target of increasing the share of the population with quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems. It is shown that the achievement of goal-setting in the field of water supply and water supply, including in the implementation of the Clean Water project, should take into account social factors, organizational, managerial and institutional influences, and factors that counteract the achievement of a synergistic effect

Extraction of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by frame sorbents based on benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (MBTC) and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylates (MB DC) of various metals

Pollution of soils and water sources with heavy metals leads to negative consequences for the environment associated with disruption of ecosystem balance, harm to the health of living organisms and humans. To solve this problem, organometallic frame sorbents capable of efficiently extracting heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions have been synthesized. During the conducted research, the regularities of the adsorption of cadmium, lead, copper, cobalt and nickel ions were studied using synthesized frame sorbents based on benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylates (MBTC) and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylates (MBDC). The identification analysis performed on diffractograms of CoBTC and NiBTC powders showed the presence of structures [Co3(BTC)2·12H2O] and [Ni3(BTC)2·12H2O]. Unlike NiBTC, NiBDC dicarboxylate crystallizes in triclinic syngony (spatial group P1¯, Z = 1) and corresponds to the crystal structure [Ni3(OH)2(BDC)2··4H2O], the sample of the CuBTC compound crystallizes in cubic symmetry with the space group Fm3¯m (Z = 16) and corresponds to the crystal structure [Cu3(BTC)2·3H2O], and the CuBDC compound has a structure belonging to the monoclinic symmetry. The results of the analysis of isotherms of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption using synthesized MOFs made it possible to determine important textural characteristics of sorbents. It was noted that a strong adsorbate-adsorbent interaction is realized for CoBTC in the micropore region. It is shown that the specific surface area of synthesized sorbents, calculated by the Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, varies widely. Thus, for CoBTC and NiBTC compounds, it was 276.0 and 9.0 m2/g, respectively. The noted differences are due to the presence of a large number of micropores in the sorbent CoBTC. In most cases, the kinetic patterns of the adsorption of heavy metal ions can be described by a pseudo-second-order equation. The only example of the process proceeding according to the kinetic equation of the pseudo-first order is the adsorption of copper ions on the NiBDC sorbent. It is noted that cobalt, nickel and copper ions are better absorbed by sorbents containing the corresponding ions of the same name according to the Paneta-Faience rule. The linear relationship found between the sorption capacity and the logarithm of the ratio of the radius of ions to their electronegativity implies that the mechanism of adsorption of metal ions on MOFs is determined by the physicochemical properties of the ions themselves. The developed organometallic frame compounds can be effectively used in technologies for purification of water resources from toxic heavy metal ions.

Black Plum (Syzygium Cumini) Seeds Adsorbent for Underground Water Nitrate Attenuation and Statgraphics Optimization

Nitrate (NO3–) pollution of water sources are a global issue, and gets transformed into nitrite (NO2–) when in contact with the saliva, resulting in a significant health implication. Groundwater from Tandari Budum, Maiduguri, Nigeria, was denitrified in this study by varying the black plum seed (BPS) adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and pH in the range of 0.1-1.0g, 20-140 min, 30-90℃ and 5-11, respectively. From the Draper-Lin small composite design (DSCD) 18 runs optimization studies on NO3– concentration and adsorption capacity () responses carried out, it was found that time and temperature have the most impact on the process. For NO3– reduction to 45 mg/L maximum value, optimal factors were 60℃, 80-85 min, pH = 8 and 0.4g dose; whereas for (13.7 mg/g), it is pH = 8, dose = 0.4g, 20 min time and 39℃. There was an observed slight similarity (in the optimal outputs), differences (in the optimal factors) and discrepancies in results obtained from non-standardized experimental runs conducted initially when compared with the DSCD design of experiment (DOE). But then, the Statgraphic Centurion 19-X64 v. 19.6.04 software analysis gave a more reasonable findings, which fits a quadratic model at R2 = 0.9295 (predicted NO3– reduction) and 0.9068 (estimated ). Since an alkaline pH, shorter time, moderate temperature and little resources are needed to attenuate NO3– (initially at 123 mg/L) from Tandari Budum groundwater, BPS is a novel adsorbent discovered in this study, corresponding to 63.41% removal efficiency.

Bottleneck Problems and Countermeasures in Operation and Maintenance of Non-Point Source Pollution Ecological Treatment Projects in China

At present, non-point source pollution (NPSP) has overtaken point source as the most important source of water pollution in China. Ecological treatment projects (ETP) suitable for non-point source pollution have been widely recommended. However, China’s NPSP prevention system has not yet taken shape, the implementation and management levels are disorganized, and the long-term management and protection of NPSP-ETP remains an urgent problem. This paper focuses on the practical problems encountered in the promotion of ETP in China, and ways to solve these problems in the operation and maintenance process. First, problems encountered in the practice of NPSP-ETP in China are summarized as being caused by a lack of systematic regulation on operation and maintenance. Following this, promising countermeasures to solve these problems are proposed, including establishing an ecological treatment technology system, improving the technology selection assessment system, improving the assessment method in project operation, and establishing a systematic operation and maintenance process. Finally, a novel theory of Monitoring-Assessment-Repair (MAR) for ETP is proposed to solve the systematic bottlenecks in engineering operation and maintenance. Furthermore, the problem of clogging in infrastructure is discussed in detail, to illustrate the concrete operation of MAR theory. Overall, this study clarifies the issues in favor of a long-term mechanism of NPSP prevention in and beyond China.

Characteristics of urban drainage water and its impacts on neighboring rivers

ABSTRACT Drainage systems in urban areas are designed to collect and transport stormwater from citizen areas. However, the water in drainage systems might contain untreated, misconnected, or low-treated sewage and polluted runoff and potentially pollute neighboring urban rivers. In this study, the drainage waters in Taipei city, Taiwan, were investigated, and the impacts on water quality in the receiving Keelung River were assessed by the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) and five scenarios. If the drainage outlets were not intercepted but discharged to the river, the BOD and NH3-N in the Keelung River would increase by 5.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Moreover, the BOD concentration under low-flow conditions (Q75) increased by 30%, and the NH3-N increased by 37.6%. If all domestic wastewater is treated and zero point pollution sources in the drainage water in the future, the BOD could decrease by 55.4%, and the NH3-N could decrease by 44.8%.

A Study of innovative Approaches to Water pollution Control: Emerging Strategies and Technologies

Abstract The study explores the innovative ways of controlling sustainable water pollution, which has become a necessity as water bodies become contaminated by the day, with the influence of industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural practice. It includes detailed explanations about the types and sources of water pollutants, while criticizing the traditional treatment for not taking into consideration sustainability. It has also brought emerging strategies that have potential alternatives to conventional techniques with the aim of higher efficiency and reduced impact on the environment, including green chemistry, bioremediation, nanotechnology, and advanced oxidation processes. Case studies demonstrated successful implementations of innovations in different regions as great emphasis is placed on specific solutions and collaboration among stakeholders. These technological changes are further developed regarding issues of scalability, costs, and regulatory matters inhibiting the use of the same. Finally, recommendations have been made toward stronger research and development of said technologies, appropriate policies toward management of water, and civic activism that would help make responsible, healthy, and friendly environments for both health care systems and the environment.

A Comparative Assessment of Water Quality in the Pavana River: Urban vs. Suburban Locations in Pune, India

Water pollution continues to be a serious environmental issue that threatens human health and ecological sustainability. In this study, a comparative analysis of water pollution was conducted between urban and suburban/rural areas by identifying locations as “City” and “Outskirts,” and reviewing data for the years 2017-2018 respectively. Water samples werecollected from each location and analysed for various tests like Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), PH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and chlorine content. The analysis showed a significant difference in water pollution sources between the city and the outskirts. The city had the worst water quality in all tested parameters due to high industrial activities, urban runoffand sewage discharge. Water in the outskirts was the least polluted with water since there were few impervious surfaces and low human activities compared to the city. On the other hand, agricultural runoff or diffuse pollution was still a notable issue in suburban/rural areas. This demonstrates the complicated relationships between land use, human activitiesand environmental factors that shape the water quality situation. Such results indicate the necessity of fast pollution control initiatives and sustainable land treatment steps to reduce water pollution in urban and suburban areas. By doing so, it is possible to secure water resources for the present and the next generation.

Comprehensive assessment of surface water quality and pollution sources in Al-Muzaynah dam lake, Syria: insights from multivariate statistical analysis

Comprehensive assessment of surface water quality and pollution sources in Al-Muzaynah dam lake, Syria: insights from multivariate statistical analysis