Islamic Sources Research Articles

An Islamic Perspective Review on Organizational Ethics

Ethical culture and integrity values are the bases that a nation needs to establish in order to achieve optimum development. A nation’s identity and reputation will become tarnished if the two elements are not presented in at least, adequate scale. Ethics that are meant to bring eminence in an organization have to be expanded to form a high-minded society, in accordance with the concept of Islam which is progressively being put into practice today. This paperwork is going to deepen and analyse Islamic sources which are al-Quran, al Hadith and Seerah Nabawiyyah (Biography of Muhammad PUBH) with specificity in the particular topic discussed here, which is organizational ethics. Related verses from al-Quran and hadiths will be scrutinized. This will include the bases, purposes and demands of ethical forming. Concepts and principles of organizational ethics will be explained in details by which verdicts from former and current scholars are made reference to. It is hoped that through the ethical approaches suggested in this paperwork, outstanding and productive organizations can be deftly produced in the future.

THE PHILOSOPHICAL EXAMINATION ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND WAYS FORWARD

The crisis of error and confusion of knowledge in cumulative today is inevitable as it has given birth to the false leaders who are incapable of making correct decision in their scope of responsibilities. Secularism as the poisoning ideology had inflicted chaos to the proper metaphysical realm of God with the subordination of existents in ranks through their corpus of so-called modern knowledge that have been rendered dominantly yet arguably as mainstream intellectualism. The nature of unified and hierarchical knowledge is mistreated and broken into fragmentation because the supreme, first principle of Tawhid as the soul of Islamic thought is suspended in knowledge production of modern science. As an antidote to this issue fast forward after the Islamization of knowledge was introduced, the idea of integration of knowledge was also brought into the picture to resolve the same brand crisis. However, the initiative of integration of knowledge as one of those has been grappling to present its philosophical underpinnings as in tandem with Islamic worldview as the valid solution to the knowledge crisis concerned. Therefore, this conceptual paper is esteemed to examine the philosophical structure of integration of knowledge idea as seen from Islamic mega scheme of knowledge. The data collection method involved in this writing was purely library search with the selection of literature from the advocates of integration of knowledge and some referenced from Islamic epistemology. The facts gathered were analyzed through content analysis technique with the approach of philosophical argumentation. The main findings of this writing were two-folded: i) The presentation of ontological, epistemological, axiological and methodological examination of integration of knowledge idea and its limitations. ii) The proposed integration of knowledge framework as a one of the methodologies of Islamic source in knowledge production and preservation. We contend that the contribution of this writing would further reframe the implementation of integration of knowledge in academic research endeavor in the institution advocating this epistemological idea.

Saltuknâme’de Dinî Ve Mezhebî Unsurlar

Saltuknāme is an epic style work that tells about the life and wars of Sarı Saltık , who lived in the 13th century and played an important role in the Turkification and Islamization of Anatolia and the Balkans. In the work, many subjects are discussed from the conquests of Sarı Saltık to the general characteristics of societies, to religious-moral issues, from mythology to historical facts. Sarı Saltık is a wandering dervish who stands out with his personality in the environments he is in, directs events and shapes the regions he visits to the extent he believes. Sarı Saltık’s references are the orders of the Qur’an, the practices of Muhammad and the First Four Caliphs of Islam. Sarı Saltık, who meticulously observes his prayers, sees the absence of prayers as a reason for punishment. The First Four Caliphs occupied a prominent position in his world of thought. Sarı Saltık, who has a special interest in Ali and his children, takes as an example of Ali, whom he sees as the most important figure of the soldier-saint type. He describes the Imamiyyah Shi’ites as Rāfidah (those who reject the first three caliphs), criticizes their acceptance of Ali with harsh statements and believes that they should be killed. There are quite dominant religious motifs and discourses in the Saltuknāme. In addition to the traces of the basic sources of Islam, traces of Turkish culture and thought are also seen in the work. The work has been compiled in a highly active religious, political and social society. Although the elements and concepts belonging to many sects/denominations are seen in the work, the dominant paradigm is Sunni. This article focuses on the belief and worship dimension and sectarian elements rather than the life, personality and personal characteristics of Sarı Saltık.Keywords: Sarı Saltık, Islamic Sects, Sunni, Shi’a, Rāfiḍah, Alevi and Bektashi Tradition.

The Kurdish Emirate of the Jawaniyya in the Region of Abbasid Baghdad (Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries)

This study reveals the prevalence of Kurdish tribal states, political entities, in the vicinity of the Abbasid city of Baghdad. Through a presentation of the lives and contributions of leading Jawani personalities, it is shown that the Kurdish states contributed to the development of early Islam from both the political and religious aspects. The Jawani emirs were involved in most of the Baghdadi region’s dealings with the Abbasid caliphate. They also had dealings with the Buwayhids, Ukaylids, Mazyadids, Annazids, Hasanvayhids, Marwanids and Seljuks. Sometimes, they formed alliances with these states, and sometimes they fought. The Jawani Emirate, one of the powers that determined the fate of the region until 557/ 1161-1162, lost their strong position after the Abbasid caliph expatriated the Mazyadids from al-Hillah. The present writer greatly relies on medieval Islamic sources, such as the scholars Masudi, Ibn al-Jawzi, Sibt Ibn al-Jawzi, İbn al-Athir, al-Dahabi and Ibn Khaldun.

Challenges and Strategies for Women's Social Empowerment in the Qur'an and Narrations

Identify the challenges and obstacles to women's social empowerment in relation to the creation and purpose of women's creation, from the perspective of the Holy Quran and Islamic traditions; The purpose of this article is. The main issue is the importance of women's empowerment in development programs and the implementation of these projects in the cities and villages of Islamic Iran according to Western principles and independent of Islamic principles. While it is possible to provide solutions for the social empowerment of women in accordance with the creation of a new Islamic civilization from Islamic sources. Muslim scholars differ on the obligatory ruling on women's social activity, which after examining the Qur'anic principles and narration, the need for women's social participation and the need for women's social empowerment in the Islamic society seems more correct. Research using qualitative content analysis has addressed the problems of women in the individual, family and social dimensions of women for social participation in Islamic sources. These problems, including weakness of belief and personality or lack of explanation of family rights and duties or mixing in society, have been identified in Islamic texts. The Holy Quran and Islamic traditions have stated the strategies of women's social empowerment in the form of explaining the duty and worship of God, presenting desirable female role models in social participation, determining the conditions of women's presence, highlighting priorities, and so on.

Akhlak dan Etika

As a scientific discipline, morality with ethics orients its study on human behavior in the perspective of how it should not be. So not a few among Muslims who translate morals with ethics. In fact, the two depart from a different study and from a different source. Morals are developed from standard Islamic sources, namely the Qur'an and Sunnah. While ethics is developed from the thinking of the human brain, namely philosophy, so that one is sacred and the other is profane, one is from heaven and the other is from earth, one is kholiq, while the other is from creatures. This thought feels unfair if moral behavior that is what it should be is based on ugliness, so that it becomes akhlakul qobiha or al akhlakul madmumah. Moreover, if morality is then believed to be an Islamic science, then of course the other Islamic sciences are fiqh, aqidah, and tasawwuf.

Punishment for Apostasy: Arguments from Two Traditionally Trained Muslim Scholars in Favor of its Abolition

Abstract This article explores and compares the views of two traditionally educated Muslim scholars, namely Taha Jabir al-Alwani (d 2016) and Hussein Ali Montazeri (d 2009), about the classical rulings on apostasy in Islam. The article argues that both al-Alwani, a Sunni scholar educated at al-Azhar, and Montazeri, a graduate of the Shiʿi seminary in Qom, defend freedom of religion in the sense of converting from Islam to another religion—an idea that stands in sharp opposition to the classical rulings on apostasy in Islamic sources which prescribe capital punishment for such an act. As the article demonstrates, these scholars’ views, despite certain differences in their method of argumentation, advance the development of new ideas about religious freedom in Islamic scholarship, especially among traditional circles.

Islamic Development Index

This study discusses the relation of Islam with economic development. Based on Islamic values, the study aims to create an alternative international economic development index. The variables used were chosen as proxy variables representing the principles and values derived from the Quran and Sunnah, the two primary sources of Islam. The data were obtained from international databases and were statistically standardized. The index was prepared over two main categories, material and spiritual development, and a composite index called the Islamic Development Index (IDI) was obtained by taking the averages of both. The international ranking covers 148 countries for which data could be obtained for 2018. In the research, the level of development is measured over the universal values and principles provided by the Islamic belief. The study does not have a purpose or pursuit of which country/society is Muslim and by how much. This paper has not been discussed with creed, religious rituals, and belief practices of societies and individuals. The research revealed a significant gap between theory and practice. Islamic belief is theoretically a critical resource for economic development. However, in practice, Islamic countries cannot benefit from this resource sufficiently. According to the results obtained, the Islamic development ranking of Islamic countries is lower than non-Islamic states in both material and spiritual development.

Approaches to Basmala in Islamic Sources and Orientalist Texts

Besmele hakkında erken dönemlerden itibaren birçok eser te’lîf edilmiştir. Bu kitaplar hem teknik anlamda besmelenin ilm-i kıraat ve İslâm Hukuku’ndaki konumunu tespit etmeye çalışmakta hem de Müslüman bireyler ve İslâm toplulukları üzerindeki etkisini belirgin kılmayı amaçlamaktadır. Makalede öncelikle ilmî, teknik, sanatsal ve aktüel önemi açısından İslâmi kaynaklarda besmelenin konumu Ebû Şâme el-Makdisî’nin ö. (665/1267) Kitâbü’l-Besmele isimli kitabı ve diğer temsil değeri yüksek te’lîfler çerçevesinde; oryantalist yaklaşım ise Nöldeke’nin ö. (1930) The History of the Qur’ān isimli, çağdaş oryantalizmin Kur’ân, kıraat ve Mushaf çalışmalarında başucu kitabı haline gelmiş kitabının İngilizce tercümesi ve diğer kaynaklar ele alınıp incelenecektir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ile doğrudan bağlantısı nedeniyle ‘ulûmü’l-Kur’ân, ilimlerin en şereflisi ve değerlisi kabul edilmiştir. Bundan dolayı İslâm ulemâsı erken dönemlerden itibaren Kur’ân ve Kur’ânî ilimlere dair birçok eser kaleme almıştır. Çağımızda ilimleri bir bütün olarak kapsayan araştırmalar yapmak hayli zorlaştığından, branşlaşmak ve ilimleri dallara ayırmak ve sınıflandırmak suretiyle ihtisaslaşmak zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, esasında her Müslümanın bildiği ve gündelik hayatının bir parçası kıldığı besmele konusu İslâmî kaynaklar ve özellikle Ebû Şâme’nin Kitâbü’l-Besmele isimli eseri merkeze alınarak incelenecektir. Ebû Şâme’nin kitabı, kendisinden önce bu konuda oluşmuş literatüre de hâkim olması ve konuyu hem kıraat ulemasının kriterlerini hem de fakihlerin yaklaşımlarını vermek suretiyle incelemesi açısından temsil değeri yüksek çalışmalardandır. Haddizatında kendisinden sonra bu konudaki te’lîfât onun kitabına müracaatı görev bilmiştir. Çalışmada aynı zamanda, özellikle Rönesans ve Reform hareketlerini müteâkip İslâmî ve Kur’ânî konu ve kavramlara dair ciddi araştırmalar yapan oryantalist yaklaşım ile bir mukayese imkânı da verilmek istenmiştir. Bu manada diğer oryantalist eserler yanında kendisinden sonra söz konusu incelemelere hem konu hem de metod ve yaklaşım açısından büyük etkide bulunmuş Nöldeke’nin kitabı merkeze alınmıştır. Burada kitabın İngilizce tercümesi kullanılacaktır. Çağdaş dönem oryantalist çalışmalarda bu konunun Nöldeke’nin çalışması temele alınarak değerlendirildiği görülmüştür. Makale, oryantalist değerlendirme tarzının İslâmi yaklaşımdan farklı bir hedef ve usule sahip olduğunu da ortaya koymak istemektedir. Bu minvalde oryantalist metinlerin, İslâmi rivâyetler arasında şâz olanları öne çıkarmak suretiyle Kur’ân’ı beşer katında oluşmuş bir kitap olarak değerlendirme şeklinde genellenebilecek tutumlarının besmele konusunda da mevcut olup olmadığı araştırılacaktır. Çağdaş oryantalizmin yeni bir yaklaşım teklif edip etmediği de tahlil edilecektir. Nöldeke kitabında, besmele konusunda Müslümanlar arasındaki muhalif tavrı ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemiştir. Dolayısıyla böyle bir mukayesenin yapılması konuyu sahih bir şekilde değerlendirme için elzemdir. Çalışmanın bir diğer gayesi, İslâm ulemasının, ilmî faâliyetlerini İslâm’a hizmet etmenin bir yolu olarak gördüklerine dair bir örnek sunmaktır. Kur’ân’ın bütün sûrelerinin kendisi ile başlatıldığı bir nevi giriş anahtarı konumunda olması besmelenin İslâm uleması ve Müslümanlar arasında sahip olduğu konumun sebebini anlamak için yeterli olacaktır. Ayrıca Ebû Şâme’nin eseri çerçevesinde besmelenin akaid, kıraat, tefsir, hadis, fıkıh, lügat, siyer, tarih gibi açılardan konumu kısa ve öz olarak sunulacaktır. Nöldeke’nin kitabı merkeze alınmakla birlikte gerektiğinde diğer oryantalist metinlerde de bu konuya yaklaşım incelenecektir. Oryantalist anlayışın genel Kur’ân yaklaşımları ile besmele hakkındaki tavırlarının benzerlikleri, varsa farklılıkları kaydedilecektir. Aynı zamanda İslâmi nakle dayalı aktarım ve anlatım tarzı ile beşer mahsûlü bir eser olarak ele alınması manasında istişrâkî inceleme tarzının karşılaştırılması yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca, besmelenin Müslümanların bilgi ve hayat kaynakları olan Kur’ân ile onun pratize edilmiş şekli olan sünnetteki müessis rolünün tekrar gündeme taşınması da amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, İslâmi kaynakları en üst düzeyde temsil ettiği düşünülen Ebû Şâme’nin ve oryantalist yaklaşımı belirleyici bir fonksiyona sahip olması açısından Nöldeke’nin eseri çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilecektir. Konunun çerçevesinin çizilmesinde bu iki kitaptaki alt başlıklar esas alınmıştır.

Learning Innovation of Islamic Education in Covid-19 Pandemic

Nowadays, during the covid-19 pandemic, the development of educational technology has brought a significant influence and contribution to education in the world which urges learning innovations. This research used a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The results show that several innovations emerge as new breakthroughs so that education would no longer be monotonous and conventional. Those innovations are (1) Project Based Learning, (2) Daring Methods, (3) Luring Methods, (4) Integrated Curriculum, (5) Blended Learning. Behind the learning innovation there are also supporting opportunities through educational technology, including (1) Educational technology makes information in conveying material is easier to obtain, (2) Educational technology creates a very broad scope during the pandemic period, (3) Educational technology has a beneficial impact on education actors, (4) Technology can replace the position of educators with independent learning. However, there are also obstacles that pose challenges, including (1) Islamic sources (Al-Qur'an and Hadith) as a source of Islamic teachings, (2) Technology as a scientific product and (3) Human Resources as technology users for the success of e-learning.

ISLAMIC GARDEN CONCEPT IN BUSTANUSSALATIN (GARDEN OF THE KINGS), ACEH, INDONESIA

In the 17th century, Nuruddin Ar-Raniry wrote a manuscript about the Aceh Kingdom, namely Bustanussalatin, which means the garden of the kings. Following the working title, in one part of the chapter, he described the garden that was a kingdom in detail. This study aims to determine if the garden existed in that era can deliver as an Islamic garden, considering the Kingdom was ruled based on Islamic law. To answer the part of Bustanussalation which described the garden was carried out using the content analysis method. The coding and sorting based on the concept of Islamic garden based on Islamic source, which is the Quran and Hadits, which has been carried out by other research. The result showed that the garden implemented the Islamic garden concept in picturing the garden in Heaven. However, it can not be denied that some restriction in sharia was disobeyed in the garden in using the elements of the causing the garden element historical garden.

An Examination of al Imam al Alusi’s Contributions to Selected Theological Issues in His Tafsir

<p><span lang="EN-US">Theology as a branch of </span><span lang="IN">knowledge </span><span lang="EN-US">in Islamic studies</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span lang="IN">it’</span><span lang="EN-US">s still a debate among Muslims</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span lang="IN">E</span><span lang="EN-US">specially in contemporary times. This article provides a resume of al-Imam al-Alusi's contribution, as commentator, to the theological discussions in his Magnum Opus: Ruhul-Maani. To achieve this, this paper examines his views on several theological issues selected in his attempt to interpret the verses of the Qur'an with the main aim of discovering the quality and suitability of his arguments and their conformity with the basic principles and sources of Islam. This paper aims to share information about its stance and provide clarification if needed. The findings reveal that al-Imam al-Alusi's theological discussion includes the views of the major Islamic sects; Sunnis, Shi'ites, Mu'tazilites, Ash'arites, among others and brought their own opinions. It is also established that theological differences arise from philosophical thought in defense of individual sects. It was also revealed that the divergence did not affect the fundamentals of Islamic theology.</span></p>

An Investigation on the Prophet Ilyas Accordıng to Jewısh and Islamic Sources

Yahudilik kendini hem teolojik hem etnik nesep olarak Hz. Musa, Hz. Yakub, Hz. İshak ve nihayet Hz. İbrahim’e refere eden bir dindir. Özellikle Hz. İbrahim İslam dininde de önemli bir şahsiyettir. Dolayısıyla İslam ve Yahudilik arasındaki irtibat çok sıkı ve ileri düzeydedir. Bu husus Kur’an’da, özellikle de Bakara, Mâide gibi Medenî surelerde rahatlıkla tespit edilebilir. Yine Kur’an kıssalarının önemli bir bölümünün İsrailoğulları ve Yahudilerle ilgili olması İslam dini ile Yahudilik arasındaki tarihsel ve teolojik ilişkinin çok sıkı olduğunu gösterir. Bu bakımdan gerek Yahudi gerekse Hıristiyan kültürüne ait birçok unsurun İslami kaynaklarda yer alması gayet tabiidir; ancak bu durum dinî bilgide zenginlik gibi bir imkân oluşturmasının yanında bilginin menşei ve sıhhati gibi konularda da ciddi sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Yahudilik ve Hıristiyanlık gibi farklı dinî kültürlere ait bilgilerin özellikle İslam tefsir geleneğinde “sorun”dan ziyade, “imkân” niteliğinde olduğunu söylemekte sakınca olmasa gerektir. Zira bu alanda sorun olarak görünen şey, aslında farklı bir dinî kültürden tedarik ettiğimiz bir bilginin hâlihazırdaki kelâmî ve fıkhî kabullerimizle örtüşmemesiyle ilgilidir. Ancak şu da var ki hem kelâm hem fıkıh alanındaki görüşler ve kabuller sabit değil, değişkendir. Bu yüzden de tarihin bir uğrağında makbul sayılan bir bilgi ve görüş, daha sonraki bir uğrakta reddedilebilmektedir ki İslam ilim tarihi bununla ilgili sayısız örnek içerir. Konuyla ilgili en ilginç örnek ise, son dönemde çok ciddi bir tefsir sorunu olarak görülen ve “İsrâiliyyât” diye nitelendirilen rivayet malzemesinin özellikle ilk nesil müslümanlarca tefsirin vazgeçilmez bilgi kaynağı olarak algılanmış ve geçmiş peygamberlerle ilgili kıssalar bağlamında sıkça kullanılmış olmasıdır. Bu durumu ‘imkân’ ölçüsünde ele alırsak makalemizin konusunu teşkil eden İlyâs peygamberle ilgili İslami gelenekteki bilgilerin Yahudi kültüründeki verilerle hem daha zenginleşmesi ve hem de iki farklı kültüre ait bilgi malzemesinin mukayeseli olarak değerlendirilmesi gibi bir imkân sahibi olduğumuz söylenebilir. Bu makalede Yahudilik ve İslam’da önemli bir yeri olan peygamberlik inancına göre peygamber olarak genel kabul gören İlyâs’ın Yahudi geleneğinde yeri ve önemini ortaya koyarak İslam dinindeki algı ile kıyaslanması ve aynı zamanda bu kişi hakkındaki gelenekteki görüşlerin aksi yönde olan fikirlerin de sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca Ba’l inancının tek tanrı inancı karşısındaki tehlike arz eden boyutu izaha çalışılarak her iki tek tanrılı dinde nasıl bir literatürün oluştuğunun ortaya konması hedeflenmiştir.

Http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/211

The success and failure of man is based on standard of Islam and the rejection/ denial of Islam. It is very delicate and crucial/ decisive issue because all the commandments of Sharia (Islamic law) are associated with the Islam and the denial/ rejection of Islam. If a person is Muslim, he abides by the sharia law and has a great reward in the world here after. But if, God forbid, some one denies Islam, his end is very painful, that is why denial of Islam is a Sharia law and is proved by Islamic sources only. Common man is not allowed to address this responsibility to declare anyone as infidel/ unbeliever as per sharia law that is why to declare someone as an infidel/ unbeliever the contactor must be an expert in keeping knowledge of Quran and Sunnah, who keep takes care of sharia laws, goals and principles because the issue of takfeer is the most dangerous one. In this present era, atheism and agnosticism have disguised into secularism and make people astray from spiritualism to materialistic gains in the name of human rights, equality, freedom, research education and civilization. And turned the principles of Islam against human freedom and make the religion separate from all walks of life which are one of the targets of secularism. Owing to that freedom theory, people are denying from many principles of Islam, and are becoming the victims of ifraat-o-tafreet, although in the era, where we are sustaining, we face two sorts of people. One sect is that who takes hurry in making fatwa against kufur, even they give fatwa for strifes, another sect (religious cult) who has closed this door.

Falsification of Hadith: A Study on the Effects and Solutions

The two main sources of Islam are the Quran and the hadith of the Prophet. From these two sources, there appear Ijma’ (consensus) and Qiyas (analogic reasoning) as supporting complements to Islamic law. Both sources enable Muslims to apply any injunction (nass) to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. With the advancement of the information technology, these two sources are easily referred through cd, soft wares, online information which provide traditional and modern commentaries on the Quran. While the Hadith has been regarded as a secondary source and covers various aspects of human life in social interaction, economic life and personal welfare. The issue that come to our concern is that how to identify hadith authenticity and sources prior to be considered as Islamic source of reference. This is necessary to prevent Muslims from being exposed to negative effect such as their faith, religious law and other acts of worship. Furthermore, the number of fabricated hadiths keep increasing from day to day thus making the public are often confused about the legitimacy of the practice and source. This paper therefore will focus on the legality of hadiths of the Prophet that involve studying and examining its authenticity and to investigate their impacts on religious beliefs, besides suggesting solutions to the issue. The methodology employed involves analysis of secondary data from books and other modern writings. This study also used other qualitative methods such as interviews with Muslim religious leaders who will provide necessary views concerning the issue.

They are Communities like You The Rationale for Animal Rights and Welfare in Islamic Civilization

Animal treatment has a comprehensive connotation and far-reaching implications in Islamic civilization. The rationes leges for this broader meaning in human-animal relations are the principles laid out in the two foundational sources of Islam, i.e., the Qurʾān and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muḥammad. While dealing with the subject of animals, different disciplines carried the framework drawn in these two sources to a more abstract level,thereby becoming the very basis for practices in societies’ daily life. One of these disciplines, Islamic jurisprudence deals with how people are to preserve the God-given rights of animals while extracting benefit from in different chapters. In this article, I will first provide a brief introduction to animal welfare and protection in Islamic civilization. I will then focus on how scholars have interpreted the Qurʾānic concept of community (ummah, plural:umam) in exegetical literature. After that, I will show how the Prophet Muḥammad’s approach of gentleness (rifq) and excellence (iḥsān) manifested in his treatment of animals through several examples from the ḥadīth literature.Finally, I will attempt to demonstrate how Islamic jurisprudence embodies this theoretical framework through the concept of harm. In conclusion, I will show that there are important concepts and examples in Islamic thought that shed light on scholarship in the field of animal studies.

أهداف التربیة الإسلامیة فی ضوء البعد الاجتماعی لمقاصد الشریعة

هدف البحث الحالي إلي دراسة تفعيل البعد الاجتماعي لمقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية بشکل يسهم في صياغة أهداف التربية الإسلامية في المجتمع الإسلامي المعاصر والکشف عن مدى إمکانية تفعيل هذه الأهداف فى مواجهة بعض تحديات المجتمع الإسلامي المعاصر . اعتمد البحث الحالي علي المنهج الاستنباطي الأصولي الإسلامي وذلک لاستنباط أحکام وآراء وقيم تربوية من النصوص الإسلامية، على نحو يساعد في صياغة أهداف تربيتنا الإسلامية المنشودة فى ضوء البعد الاجتماعي لمقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية. وانتهي البحث إلي جملة من النتائج أبرزها: 1- من أهم معايير صياغة أهداف التربية الإسلامية أن تکون الأهداف نابعة من مصادر الإسلام الأصلية، وواضحة فى صياغتها محددة فى دلالتها، متصفة بالتکامل والتوارن والاستمرارية، وخالية من التناقضات، وأن تراعى الفردية والجماعية، و الثبات والمرونة، وأن تکون واقعية ممکنة التحقيق ولو على مدى بعيد، ومحققة لأهداف الرسالة الإسلامية ومقاصدها فى بناء الإنسان والأسرة، والأمة الإسلامية والعالم الإنسانى کله. 2- للتربية الإسلامية فى المستويات الأربعة : الفرد، الأسرة، الأمة، المجتمع الإنسانى العام – عشرون هدفا، مستوحون جميعا من البعد الاجتماعى لمقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية. 3- يمکن للتربية الإسلامية أن تحقق هذه الأهداف العشرين – التى ذکرتها آنفا – لأنها أهداف ربانية مستمدة من التوجيه القرآنى والهدى النبوى ومستوحاة من مقاصد الشريعة الغراء، وإذا کان ذلک کذلک، فإن إمکانية التطبيق قائمة ومتوفرة، ولکن فى المبادئ نفسها. The current research aims to study the activation of the social dimension of the purposes of Islamic law in a way that contributes to the formulation of the goals of Islamic education in contemporary Islamic society and to reveal the extent to which these goals can be activated in the face of some of the challenges of contemporary Islamic society. The current research relied on the Islamic fundamentalist deductive approach in order to derive educational judgments, opinions and values from Islamic texts, in a way that helps in formulating the desired goals of our Islamic education in light of the social dimension of the purposes of Islamic law. The research ended with a number of results, most notably: 1- One of the most important criteria for formulating the objectives of Islamic education is that the goals stem from the original sources of Islam, clear in their formulation, specific in their significance, characterized by complementarily, disconnect and continuity, free from contradictions, and that they take into account individual and collective, consistency and flexibility, and that they are realistic and achievable even if It is far-reaching, and fulfills the goals and objectives of the Islamic message in building the human being and the family, the Islamic nation and the entire human world. 2- Islamic education in the four levels: the individual, the family, the ummah, and the general human society - twenty goals, all inspired by the social dimension of the objectives of Islamic law. 3- Islamic education can achieve these twenty goals - which I mentioned above - because they are divine goals that are derived from the Qur’anic guidance and the Prophet’s guidance and are inspired by the objectives of the Glorious Sharia, and if that is the case, then the possibility of implementation exists and is available, but in the same principles.

Freedom of Religion: The Contribution of Contemporary Iranian Reformist Scholars

This article examines a specific line of thinking shared by several contemporary reformist Iranian religious scholars who present arguments in favor of freedom of religion. Focusing on the ideas of five prominent reformist Iranian scholars—Abdolkarim Soroush (b.1945), Muhammad Mujtahed Shabestari (b.1936), Hasan Yousefi Eshkevari (b.1950), Mohsen Kadivar (b.1959), and Ahmad Qabel (d.2012)—the article argues that these thinkers’ defense of freedom of religion is based not only on their interpretations of the Qurʾān and historical Islamic sources, but also philosophical arguments in which concepts from the fields of epistemology and hermeneutics are deployed. As the article demonstrates, some of these scholars connect the notion of freedom of religion to political arguments supporting religious tolerance, or the view that, in order to guarantee religious freedom, the state must be neutral towards the religious orientation of its citizens.

Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil Sebagai Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah Pemberdaya Ekonomi Umat (Konsep dan Teori)


 The purpose of the research to dig deeper into the concepts and theories of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil, because it is based on the fact that occurs in the environment that BMT has shown its success which has been widespread in almost all regions of Indonesia, proven in 2016 reaching 6000 units of BMT and finding good prospects. This type of research is qualitative, supported by data taken in a secondary way using literature study. To support the research, the authors processed the data using Ms. Excel. BMT is a sharia microfinance institution as a non-governmental organization that collects and manages funds according to sharia principles in order to achieve financial and humanitarian economic goals or to achieve mashlahah. BMT does not only focus on financial activities but also social virtue activities. BMT refers to the authoritative source of Islam, Law no. 25 1992 concerning cooperatives and the DSN-MUI fatwa. The source of finance comes from customers and the results of operating income. Customer funds are then managed using sharia financing and contracts, the profits are known as profit sharing. BMT must always conduct evaluations so that the operational system and its resources are better and continue to disseminate information to the community.

НАВОИЙ ИЖОДИДА МИФОЛОГИК ОБРАЗЛАР СТИЛИЗАЦИЯСИ

The work of Hazrat Alisher Navoi was formed on the basis of a spiritual treasure that has passed a rich and long historical path of development. The work of the great poet is connected with the oral tradition of the people on the one hand, and with the Qur'an and Hadith, which are the main sources of Islam, on the other hand. Stylistic folklorisms emerged as a result of the effective influence of folklore genres, motives and images in the works of A. Navoi. In the article A. The originality of the use of angelic and satanic mythonyms used in Navoi's works and the motives put forward by them are analyzed