Source Of Insecurity Research Articles

Філософія життя в успішних спільнотах

Historical experience and scientific researches witness that both an individual’s life success and a country’s prosperity and the living standard of population depend not on the quality of education itself, but on its effectiveness. The effectiveness of education, in turn, is determined by a social productivity of science, which can be presented elementarily by such a simple indicator as a number of Nobel laureates. The USA holds the leading place among countries in this area. Thus, the United States is the country that can maximally ensure human development, and most importantly – a realization of human natural gifts and an acquisition of appropriate material welfare. This is evidenced not only by the high level of science development, but also by the phenomenon of a success of a number of immigrant communities compared with the US European population. The most successful ethnic groups in the United States are Jews, Indians, Chinese, Nigerians, Cubans, Iranians and Lebanese. Particularly impressive is the success of the Nigerians and Cubans against a background of comparatively small achievements of the African and Latin Americans. It has been found that all most successful ethnic groups in the USA have three mental traits: a superiority complex, an insecurity, and impulse control. The superiority complex lies in deep inner confidence in an uniqueness of your community compared to others. This confidence can be based on religion, majestic history and culture, origin, and so on. Insecurity means anxiety uncertainty in its significance in society, concern about a lack of results of its activities. Key sources of insecurity are scorn by other communities, fear and parents’ pressure. A scorn by the people of a strange country and its own indignation in this regard may be the most powerful incentive for growth. The second source of the insecurity is fear of being unable to survive in a strange country, which can lead to despair, paralysis of will, capitulation, even shame. But it can also cause a completely different reaction – an urge to rise, earn money, reach power, either to become successful here, or to have same means to escape. The third and most common source of the sense of threat in successful immigrant communities is the pressure from parents to children to be succeed. Parents bring up children's to conviction that success, foremost in learning, is a responsibility of family honor, as well as protection from an uncertain and hostile world. Impulse control means an ability to withstand various temptations, especially the temptation to relinquish difficulty and challenge a difficult task rather than to perform it. No human society can exist without control of impulses. However, it must be remembered that individual control of impulses is just a futile austerity. Success is only possible as a result of combining all three principles – a conviction of superiority, a sense of threat, and an impulse control. Philosophy of a successful life is an extremely effective means of achieving a high social status, if it is important for you. However, it should be used only to succeed. After this it is necessary to get rid of success philosophy, because in the future it can cause a pathological drive to extremes. The experience of bringing up children in the successful communities of America will undoubtedly be useful in the current reforming of Ukrainian education.

Creative placemaking and the cultural projectariat: Artistic work in the wake of Hull City of Culture 2017

Cultural work attracts much sociological interest and is often seen as typifying ‘precarity’. However, this scholarship rarely examines how ‘placemaking’ policy interventions affect the concrete conditions of cultural work. We study a major recent public/private policy intervention in the United Kingdom: Hull City of Culture 2017. This intervention embodied a multifaceted set of policy logics, combining the desire to boost arts participation, with a market-facing imperative to bolster the city’s ‘brand’. We examine what happened to the city’s ‘cultural projectariat’ (meaning those workers whose career depends on assembling sequences of discrete, time-limited funded cultural projects) during this event. The influx of funds created opportunities for good-quality work, but specific sources of insecurity persisted and in certain respects intensified: including the need for significant unpaid work and permanent competition for resources. City of Culture’s nature as a market-oriented ‘placemaking’ intervention limits its capacity to ameliorate the conditions of cultural work, which has to be conceived as a policy end in itself if conditions of the cultural projectariat are to be improved.

When Conflict Traumas Fragment: Investigating the Sociopsychological Roots of Turkey’s Intractable Conflict

This article investigates the historical processes contributing towards the specific development of Turkey after the 1920s that in turn established the main contours of Turkey's conflict with the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê (PKK). It first argues that the traumatic conflict memories of the Turkish leadership (1918–35) influenced its individual‐level patterns of actions. These memories were used by the leadership to consolidate its imagined national agency in Turkey. The leadership perceived the traditional‐conservative groups as ontological insecurity sources, jeopardizing this agency. It second claims that Turkey's military apparatus is designed to silence these ontological insecurity sources. Finally, it claims these developments informed the ways in which the PKK's narratives of rebellion were constructed. Empirically, it problematizes the impact of the Ottoman Empire's collapse on the Turkish elites. Then, through a discourse analysis of elites' speeches and legal documents, it traces their anxieties to the Ottoman Empire's traumatic end. This article contributes to the trauma literature on ontological security and the emotions literature in International Relations in two ways. It first explores the particular national context in which traumatic memories are shaped and in turn articulated through emotional performances. Secondly, it shows the interplay between sociopsychological processes of security and agency making.

Sovereignist wine in populist bottles? An introduction

ABSTRACTSovereignist claims are on the rise – in Europe, the USA, and beyond. In dealing with processes such as globalization and supranational integration, which have progressively shifted powers and competencies away from nation states, these transformations have created a fertile terrain for reactions against the sources of such insecurity, which find full expression in the sovereignist claims to ‘take back control’, that is to say to return to the traditional understanding of sovereignty being based upon mutually exclusive territories. These sources of insecurity and social unrest have also provided structures of political opportunity for the electoral success of populist parties. Despite its relevance for the understanding of the populist discourse, however, sovereignty has been largely under-theorised by scholars dealing with populism. Accordingly, we propose a new research agenda to study populist mobilization that focuses on the linkage between populism and sovereignism, while also encouraging further theoretical and empirical studies, focusing on both the demand side and the supply side. In particular, we suggest some crucial aspects with which the Special Issue seeks to engage, before pointing to some substantial implications that are likely to emerge from the findings of this research agenda.

(Play)Houses of Horror: Addressing the Anxieties of the Housing Crisis

Abstract Among the fears rife in contemporary “Insecure Britain”, This was a header used by the Guardian for a series of articles in 2014, which described a growing sense of social precarity and disillusionment with mainstream politics in Britain: https://www.theguardian.com/society/series/insecure-britain the anxieties connected with the housing crisis – rise of property costs, cutbacks on welfare housing, increasing precarity of living conditions – may be among the most tangible in everyday life. It is not surprising, then, that the disruptive power of threats to home as a source of security and comfort has been at the centre of a series of recent British plays. While many of these are marked by documentary realism, incorporating real-life testimonies in order to evoke empathy with those hit hardest by the crisis, there is also a notable subset that veer to the other side of the sur/realist spectrum, reflecting on the crisis in highly stylized dystopian scenarios. In this article, I propose the concept of ‘playhouse Gothic’ to describe Mike Bartlett’s Game and Philip Ridley’s Radiant Vermin (both 2015). Both are explorations of the affective and social implications of the housing crisis that fall into the latter category. The case studies examine how in both plays the interplay between dramatic and theatrical space foregrounds the extent to which our homes themselves are sources of insecurity. More specifically, the plays employ the mode of the Gothic in order to involve their audiences in an emotionally loaded spatial experience, thereby also inviting them to reflect on their own socio-economic anxieties and implication in perpetuating structures of inequality. The analyses take into account the dramatic texts and the set-up of concrete performances as well as reviews documenting viewers’ responses to the plays.

Who’s at Risk? Reflections on In/Security When Working With/Through Military Brokers in Conflict Settings

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I reflect upon my experience of working with active military officers-cum-research brokers in research on the Congolese (DRC) armed forces. Drawing upon the traditions of autoethnography and Narrative International Relations, I recount the story of an evolving relationship between one particular military broker and myself. It highlights how military research brokers, while frequently cast not only as capable of handling their own security, but as prime sources of insecurity, often share the general (civilian) research broker’s predicaments of insecurity. In doing so, the narrative also challenges dominant gendered, as well as racialized, ideas of who is at risk when conducting research in conflict settings.

A road to development? Rural perspectives on infrastructure maintenance in Solomon Islands

ABSTRACTThe Solomon Islands Government and its development partners are heavily investing in road maintenance programmes to promote development in the small islands least developed state. Based on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork, this article challenges the future orientation of these programmes. Instead it emphasises rural Solomon Islanders’ past and present experiences with road-based mobilities and state-sponsored road maintenance projects. These experiences reveal roads and road repairs as a source of insecurity, immorality, and potential state violence that sideline, if not obstruct, hopes for any imagined future that a maintained road may (or may not) bring.

Business Education as a Predictor of Socio-Economic Security in Niger Delta States

The cross-sectional research conducted explained the predictive influence of business education as key indicators of socio-economic security and national development in the oil-rich Niger Delta States. Sample of 250 graduate students in public-owned universities in five states were sampled through cluster sampling technique. The constructed survey instrument rated scale was pilot tested using Spearman Rank Order statistics to obtain 0.78 reliability coefficients. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to analyze quantitative data while the hypotheses tested with regression at p<0.05 level of significance to determine influence of employable competencies, socio-economic value of business education and economic security representing the response variables in the study. The findings thus revealed financial literacy, applied knowledge, higher order thinking employable competencies for enhanced capacity of graduate students through the various learning experiences. Again, higher wages, healthy living, greater life satisfaction, assurance for advancement, social relations identified as socio-economic values guarantees their economic security. Business education employable competencies, socio-economic values were found to have partial associations with economic security variables in the Niger Delta States. It was therefore concluded that young adults which are basically source of insecurity in the region should refocus their latent abilities to productive career development in business education in order to be successful in life. The various governments should equally organize regional education summit that will address challenges of insecurity and lay the solid foundation for economic growth.

Colonization with Chinese characteristics: politics of (in)security in Xinjiang and Tibet

ABSTRACTChina as a victim rather than a proponent of modern colonialism is an essential myth that animates Chinese nationalism. The Chinese statist project of occupying, minoritizing and securitizing different ethno-national peoples of Central Asia, such as Uyghurs and Tibetans, with their own claims to homelands, is a colonial project. Focusing on China’s securitized and militarized rule in Xinjiang and Tibet, the article will argue that the most appropriate lens through which this can be understood is neither nation-building nor internal colonialism but modern colonialism. It argues that the representation of Uyghurs and Tibetans as sources of insecurity not only legitimizes state violence as a securitizing practice but also serves contemporary Chinese colonial goals.

Transformation of Indo-Bangladesh Relations: From Insecurity to Cooperation in Northeast India

Bangladesh and India are enjoying increasingly close relations in the latter’s northeastern region. This represents a transformation in the two countries’ past relationship, which was characterised by suspicion, distrust and insecurity. This recent change, which began with the arrival of Bangladesh’s current regime in 2009, has resulted in a sense of cooperation, mutual interest and connectivity. This article aims to explain this transformation. The first part of this article presents the traditional sources of insecurity between Bangladesh and India, which resulted in confrontational relations between the two neighbours. The second part then highlights how a convergence of security, economic and energy cooperation has transformed Bangladesh’s relations with India, especially, in its northeastern region.

Dioquis: Being without doing in the migrant agricultural labor process

Being on call without being on the clock is an important but underappreciated source of insecurity among low-wage workers. Drawing on fieldwork with 20 agricultural workers of the Texas-Mexico border region, this paper identifies several stages where workers are made to wait without pay and links these stages to economic precarity. These intervals occur at the local bus station, a hub for recruitment and departure, at home in both the US and Mexico, during travel to distant work sites, and in seasonal lodging. Workers use the Spanish colloquial term ‘ dioquis’, which they define as ‘being without doing’, to describe such uncertain periods of waiting which are required for them to work. Through dioquis, a liminal state, employers displace industry risk onto workers, leading to long-term instability. Expanding the implications of dioquis, the paper reveals the significance of temporal uncertainty for the marginalized across other contexts of work and waiting.

Going critical: Toward a modified nuclear one worldism

Nuclear weapons posed a profound conceptual problem for classical realism, forcing into collision two of its long-standing core dictums: oppose world government as a source of insecurity and un-freedom, and exit anarchy into authoritative government when levels of violence interdependence in particular spaces become very high. Initially, leading realists (Burnham, Morgenthau, and Herz) chose world government, hoping internal restraints (analogous to the role played by the balance of power in anarchies with lesser levels of violence interdependence) could overcome its threat to freedom and its political impracticality. But this option reached a conceptual and practical dead end. Building on Herz’s suggestion of a generalized historical materialist base-superstructural model to theorize security practices and orders, the actual materiality of the nuclear situation (previously dimly understood) points toward the obsolescence of the statist mode of protection, and toward arms control, as the practices of an alternative, republican-federal, mode of protection whose operation gradually moves world order from anarchy, but not toward a world state. Until this shift is complete, world order remains in fundamental contradiction with the nuclear forces of destruction.

The Ban on “Tropical Natives” and the Promotion of Illegal Migration in Pre-Apartheid South Africa

Abstract:This article examines the historical as well as contemporary significance of South Africa’s 1913 ban on the recruitment of migrant workers from areas north of latitude 22 degrees south. This ill-conceived policy not only criminalized the employment of so-called “tropical natives” in South Africa but also triggered contestations, fueling illegal migration from the restricted areas. By 1933, when the ban was lifted, illegal migration from Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) had become a major site of contestations among policymakers, labor agents, business owners, and migrant workers in South Africa. While the dominant narrative in Southern Africa holds that illegal migration only became an issue of concern after the end of apartheid rule, this phenomenon has a much longer history in the subregion. Identifying factors that push people to move from one country to another and those that force or encourage travelers to cross international boundaries without following official channels facilitates the understanding of the complexities involved in cases of illegal migration wherever this practice exists. While low wages and other sources of insecurity in colonial Zimbabwe may indeed have compelled many people to consider moving to South Africa, such factors did not cause migrants to use unofficial channels in crossing the border. Rather, South Africa’s ban imposed numerous barriers, rendering it difficult for those seeking work to cross between the two countries through legal and/or formal channels.

Attitudes Toward Communication and Collaboration After Participation in a Mock Page Program: A Pilot of an Interprofessional Approach to Surgical Residency Preparation

A source of insecurity among new physicians and new nurses is communicating and managing acute changes in patient condition. Mock page programs are an effective method for teaching communication and clinical decision-making skills to medical students. Joint participation in a mock page program provides a unique opportunity for medical and nursing students to practice communication, collaboration, and clinical decision-making in a low-risk learning environment. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine attitudes toward communication and collaboration among medical and nursing students after participation in a mock page program. Twenty-four medical students participating in a surgical residency preparatory course were paired with 24 senior level nursing students. Over a period of 3 weeks, nursing students delivered 5 mock pages to the medical students. Mock pages consisted of peer-reviewed, prescripted scenarios depicting patients experiencing common postoperative complications. A 12-question survey measuring attitudes toward communication and collaboration between physicians and nurses was administered prior to delivery of the first page and after delivery of the last page. A dependent sample t test was used to perform item analysis. Individual item analysis of medical student surveys indicated significant improvement in attitudes toward communication and collaboration with nurses in 12 out of 12 survey items (p < 0.05). Individual item analysis of nursing student surveys indicated significant improvement in attitudes toward communication and collaboration with physicians in 6 out of 10 survey items (p < 0.05). There was no decline in attitudes among any of the survey items. The results from this study suggest that an interprofessional mock page program improves attitudes toward communication and collaboration between medical and nursing students. This program has the potential to improve the quality of education and increase confidence among medical and nursing students as they prepare for their professional roles.

Reforming the bras tendus? The Congolese National Police reforms, 2003–2016

ABSTRACTThe security sector reform (SSR) programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has failed, according to a former high-level member of the United Nations (UN) mission in the DRC, as a large section of the country remains outside government control, and the security institutions of the state continue to constitute one of the predominant sources of insecurity for the local population in a number of ways. Based on several field studies, this article critically scrutinises the SSR of the Congolese National Police (Police nationale congolaise; PNC) and the efforts to reform it between 2004 and 2016. It further attempts to explain why so little progress was made in the SSR of the PNC, despite extensive involvement from donors. The article shows that the instrumental and traditional approach to SSR is partly to blame, because in this case it failed to address the root problems and initiate the needed fundamental reform and reconstruction of the police force. It also shows that reforming local security institutions becomes even more difficult when the local authorities do not support the effort.

Development of Research and Innovation Into the Diversity of Bioresources. Food Security Perspectives

Abstract Doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence have importance in defining typologies of biodiversity bioresources. Matters of doctrine mainly concern to philosophy of life and the complexity of practical and theoretical hypostases in the current global geopolitical order. In a globalized world, with a society strained by social disorder, among the risks humanity, food supply has become a source of insecurity, in addition to the decline of the natural resources, leading to an intensification of problems at local, zonal, regional and/or global level. Multidimensionality of the concept of security includes demographic and food security, energy and the environment, not only military and political-military level. All these components also guarantee the sovereignty of any state. Food security is a complex and general problem of humanity that all countries are responsible for. FAO defines food security as "access of all people directly to the food they need" to meet their vital functions and lead a healthy and active life ". The responsibility of the present generation is to ensure the right to food for future population, through an efficient, fair and rational management of the Earth bioresources. They belong to the common heritage of mankind and to face the challenges of the safety and food security ahead, on long-term we need a bioethic, systematic and multidisciplinary approach for the right to adequate available and accessible food.

Blockchain's roles in strengthening cybersecurity and protecting privacy

This paper evaluates blockchain's roles in strengthening cybersecurity and protecting privacy. Since most of the data is currently stored in cloud data centers, it also compares how blockchain performs vis-vis the cloud in various aspects of security and privacy. Key underlying mechanisms related to the blockchain's impacts on the Internet of Things (IoT) security are also covered. From the security and privacy considerations, it highlights how blockchain-based solutions could possibly be, in many aspects, superior to the current IoT ecosystem, which mainly relies on centralized cloud servers through service providers. Using practical applications and real-world examples, the paper argues that blockchain's decentralized feature is likely to result in a low susceptibility to manipulation and forgery by malicious participants. Special consideration is also given to how blockchain-based identity and access management systems can address some of the key challenges associated with IoT security. The paper provides a detailed analysis and description of blockchain's roles in tracking the sources of insecurity in supply chains related to IoT devices. The paper also delves into how blockchain can make it possible to contain an IoT security breach in a targeted way after it is discovered. It discusses and evaluates initiatives of organizations, inter-organizational networks and industries on this front. A number of policy implications are discussed. First, in order to strengthen IoT, regulators can make it obligatory for firms to deploy blockchain in supply chain, especially in systems that are mission critical, and have substantial national security and economic benefits. Second, public policy efforts directed at protecting privacy using blockchain should focus on providing training to key stakeholders and increasing investment in this technology. Third, one way to enrich the blockchain ecosystem would be to turn attention to public–private partnerships. Finally, national governments should provide legal clarity and more information for parties to engage in smart contracts that are enforceable.

Exporting Security: Success and Failure in the Securitization and Desecuritization of Foreign Military Interventions

ABSTRACTAlongside humanitarian motives, the pursuit of security is the main justification given by states for their foreign military interventions. This is constructed as an ‘export of security’, part of a strategy to combat material and ideological threats abroad in order to enhance the sending state’s security. Such securitized justifications are highly ambiguous, with the military intervention itself often becoming a source of insecurity. Given the Janus-faced nature of military securitization, what are the conditions for a successful securitization move leading to foreign military intervention? In response to this question, the following article compares separate cases of security exports undertaken by the United States (US), Germany and Japan. It is argued that a stable commitment to a military intervention on the part of a sending state is only possible if the pre-intervention securitization process includes a successful desecuritization move once there are boots on the ground. This argument underlines the fundamental ambiguity of securitization moves, as well as the importance of and conditions for audience acceptance. Furthermore, this article proposes a template for exploring the links between securitization and desecuritization.

Can Blockchain Strengthen the Internet of Things?

This column evaluates blockchain’s roles in strengthening security in the Internet of Things (IoT). Key underlying mechanisms related to the blockchain–IoT security nexus are covered. From a security standpoint, the article highlights how blockchain-based solutions could be, in many aspects, superior to the current IoT ecosystem, which relies mainly on centralized cloud servers. Using practical applications and real-world examples, the article argues that blockchain’s decentralized nature is likely to result in a low susceptibility to manipulation and forgery by malicious participants. Special consideration is given to how blockchain-based identity and access management systems can address some of the key challenges associated with IoT security. The column provides a detailed analysis and description of blockchain’s roles in tracking the sources of insecurity in supply chains related to IoT devices. Using blockchain, it is also possible to contain an IoT security breach in a targeted way after it is discovered. The column also discusses and evaluates initiatives of organizations, interorganizational networks, and industries on the frontlines of blockchain.

Information Security Management System in Terms of Business Practice in Slovakia

The values of society turbulently change with the ongoing changes in the world. It is the information that values most. Demand for information increases along with the need for even more advanced communication and information security in all fields of human activity. Development in the field of science and technology has brought many advantages such as the Computational Age and the massive introduction of the Internet as a communication and information platform, along with disadvantages which are particularly due to insecure sources of information assets exposed to a wide scale of threats and hazards such as degradation, loss, damage, disclosure, and misuse. The paper deals with information security and its role in management systems. There is no simple recipe providing 100 % security of information. Companies apply the best security procedures with the aim to achieve an appropriate level of information security. One of the possibilities is the implementation in the information security management system according to ISO/IEC 27001 standard.&#x0D; The above-mentioned fact was the reason for carrying out the research and mapping the information security as well as closely related areas in terms of business practice in Slovakia. The aim of the article is to point at the information security in the companies, emphasize the importance of the information security management system in the business practice and analyze the current state of the information security and processes of the information security management system in the Slovak business entities.&#x0D; This article deals with selected results of the research carried out within the project „Information assets security as an integral part of quality management system in accordance with the principles of socially responsible business practices “, (acronym: SeInA). The methodology of the study was based on the scientific methods of acquiring and processing data: observation, questionnaire, interview, qualitative methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, abstraction, etc.); quantitative methods (descriptive statistics such as frequency analysis, statistical analysis, confidence intervals) and graphical methods. The research results identified the strengths of business entities and revealed the areas that need improvement. Entrepreneurial entities should primarily realize that information security cannot be provided randomly, i.e. in particular cases of emergency or incident; it requires a well-established and well-attended system providing minimum risk to information security, with a required level of guarantee and secured continuity of processes and individual activities of the organization. The reason for the security information management system is to achieve better results than those that would be attained with independent behavior and operation. A well-established and well-attended system should ensure that the attributes (confidentiality, integrity, availability, etc.) of the information assets security are being met, thus providing security for all parties and cultivating trustworthy relationships with them.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: information; security; management system; business practice; research results.