Source Of Environmental Hazard Research Articles

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ТЕОРИИ СИСТЕМ МАССОВОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ОПИСАНИЯ И АНАЛИЗА СИСТЕМ РАБОТЫ С ОТХОДАМИ В МЕГАПОЛИСАХ

The relevance of organizing an effective waste management system in the modern world is beyond doubt. It must be understood that waste can be not only a source of environmental hazard, but also a means of making a profit and secondary material resources. The area of waste management is most dependent on the transport system, that is, it is most sensitive to the organization of effective transport work. The article describes the modern technological process of working with waste. The principles and acts regulating the detail are described. Mathematical models describing the modern process of working with waste at the level of routes are considered. Problems in the practical plane are defined. The possibility of describing the system through the theory of queuing systems is estimated. The types of queuing systems at different levels of planning applicable to the description of the waste management system are determined. The range of problems that can be solved through the theory of the queuing system is determined. Directions for further research in this area are determined.

Математические методы обоснования и логическое моделирование ресурсосберегающей системы экологически безопасного жизнеобеспечения

In this work, a theoretical basis for a comprehensive assessment of the environmental hazard of wastes, which are formed during the functioning of critical infrastructure in residential territories, is de-veloped. In addition, a resource-saving (resource-recovering) system is proposed for ensuring the protection of natural environment and vitally important human interests from the anthropogenic impact of wastes, thus creating favourable conditions for the vital activity of a population. The study was con-ducted using mathematical methods, such as mathematical logic and vector algebra, for assessing the system of an ecologically safe critical infrastructure of populated areas. It is argued that the formation of a resource-saving system, which does not include wastes as its constituent element, provides the integrity of a closed material-raw cycle. Moreover, such a system reduces the formation of waste mate-rial masses (sources of environmental hazard) as a quantitative result of the system to zero. It is shown that environmental hazards in residential areas can be prevented in those places, where a system of processing construction and other products at the last life cycle stage as secondary resources is im-plemented and no hazardous wastes are forwarded for disposal in the natural environment. The ob-tained results can be used when assessing the environmental safety of concepts, strategies, pro-grammes and projects at federal, regional and sectoral levels in the field of resource saving, waste and secondary resources management, as well as for ensuring the environmental safety of residential are-as.

Environmental Safety Conditions and Factors in zones of influence of water facilities

Water problem is one of the most important problems at the present stage of development of the global system “Nature - Society – Man” is practically associated with all types of economic and other activities. The realities of emergency situations (ES) indicate that about 30% of emergencies on the planet Earth are directly related to water resources, which are formed within the spatial limits of basin geosystems interconnected with global water circulation within the Earth’s biosphere. The use of water resources within river basin geosystems by means of intra-basin regulation or inter-basin redistribution of water flow (surface, underground) determines the need for environmental safety (ES), which determines the protection objects’ state under the influence of agent, energy, information flows (AEI) emanating from (Activity Objects (A.O.)), operating as part of the NTE “N.E. - A.O. - P.” for the use of water resources in various technological schemes of economic and other activities. The methodological basis in the issues study on ensuring electronic safety on existing and new “A.O.” is a systematic approach, as a way of creating and describing the interconnection, interaction and interrelations processes (IIR) between the components of the system “Protection Object – Source of Environmental Hazard - Protective Measures” “P.O. – S.E.H - P.M.”, which may include all “P.O.”, the entire set of “P.M.”.

Chemical and Isotope Studies of Zakher Lake and Its Possible Risk on the Geoenvironment, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

This study concerns the occurrence of pollutants in Zakher Lake, Al Ain, UAE, which are relevant to the water supply and impact on ecosystem. Lake water and sediment samples were collected from the lake and were analyzed for different chemical and physical properties. In-situ measurements of temperature, pH, EC and TDS and Rn-222 activity were carried out using a WTW-COND-330I and RAD7 instrument with errors of < 5%. The analyses of trace and major elements were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) Varian 715 with errors < 5%. The results reveal high concentrations of Na, K, Mg and Ca, Fe, Mn, Al, Sr, Ba and Pb in water samples of the lake, which are higher than permissible limits for drinking and irrigation. Variable concentrations of these elements were found in the sediment samples. In addition, radon isotope (Rn-222) data in the lake water indicate activity values below the detection limit of the instrument. The high concentrations of major and trace elements support the idea that the water is polluted. The sources of water to the lake are considered mainly anthropogenic due to the relatively high activity of Rn-222 in surrounding groundwater wells that is not detected in the lake water. Consequently, the lake water is not suitable for drinking, domestic or irrigation purposes and may be considered as a source of environmental hazard in the area.

Environmental Standardization in the System of Technical Regulation

The main sources of environmental hazards at various stages of the product life cycle are described, and ways are offered to remedy the current situation by: creating uniform rules for ensuring the environmental safety of products, taking into account its specific characteristics; the development of standards, the technical requirements of which would protect the environment from the harmful effects of products at all stages of its life cycle; the formation of a new category of standardization – regional standards that ensure the environmental safety of technical regulation, taking into account the particularities of the regions.

Обеспечение экологической безопасности на предприятии

For the implementation of the principal directions of the Russian Federation Environmental Security Strategy, a system of measures to ensure environmental safety at the enterprise has been developed, including identifying and assessing sources of environmental hazards, measures for: protecting the environment in the process of daily economic activity, ensuring industrial safety of hazardous production facilities, preventing and eliminating natural and man-made emergencies, introducing industrial and environmental safety management systems, monitoring compliance with environmental requirements legislation, industrial and environmental safety.

Vliyanie dnouglubitel'nykh rabot i gruntovykh svalok na ekologicheskuyu situaciyu v Kerchenskom prolive

Introduction . Based of the oceanographic data of the expeditions carried out by the Marine Hydrophysical Institute and the Southern Research Institute of Marine Fishery and Oceanography, identified are the structural regularities of the fields of the total suspended matter (TSM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) contents, and the dissolved oil products (OP) concentration in the dredging and dumping areas in the Kerch Strait and the adjacent regions. Data and methods . The data of nine complex expeditions carried in the Kerch Strait in 1999–2013 were analyzed. The concentrations of all the substances under study were determined based of the optical methods. All the surveys were done in a probing mode using the optical probe “Kondor”. Results . It is shown that sea dredging in the commercial port of Kerch was accompanied by significant increase of the total suspended matter content; its concentration was a dozens times higher than that in the adjacent area. High content of the total suspended matter, characteristic of the port and the surrounding waters, contributes to accumulation and deposition of the anthropogenic dissolved organic matter, the concentration of which significantly exceeds the natural one. It is revealed that the dumping zones remain the sources of seawater environment pollution. The pronounced local maximums of the total suspended matter, dissolved organic matter and dissolved oil products concentrations were revealed in the bottom layer just in these zones: here they exceeded the natural standards of the considered characteristics by 1.5–3 times. Discussion and conclusion . Dredging is the most significant factor conditioning high concentration of anthropogenic total suspended matter in the Kerch Strait. The soil withdrawn in course of dredging is of extremely low density and abnormally high fluidity that promotes intensive erosion of the dumping zones and further spread of suspension in the ambient waters. It is shown that dredging and dumping zones represent not only the sources of environmental hazards, they are also not favorable for navigation.

Substantiation of the parameters of the tailings storage core during the storing of the cleaning rejects by hydraulic method

The paper analyzes the current state of artificial tailings storages. These unique anthropogenic facilities may be considered both as the sources of environmental hazard and as promising anthropogenic deposits. The relevance of their development is shown. Taking into account the existing technologies of tailings storing, it is substantiated that the future anthropogenic deposit is formed by hydraulicking layers of the same thickness, displaced relative to each other in the horizontal plane by the same amount. As a result of research dependences were obtained that allow estimation of the probable volumes of stored mineral processing products and available storage volume when building up dams, as well as justification of the location of the inner boundary between the core of the artificial storage and the body of the retaining prism.

Levels of pesticide residues in water, sediment, and fish samples collected from Nile River in Cairo, Egypt

Pesticides constitute one of the major sources of environmental hazards to human and animals as they concentrate in the food chain. Organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate pesticides were investigated using water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Tilapia zillii) muscle samples of the Nile River in Cairo region (Egypt). Pesticide residues were analyzed seasonally using gas chromatography. The results showed that the average total pesticide residue in sediment was higher (63.5 ± 36.2 ppb) than that in water samples (45.1 ± 35.0 ppb). High levels of total pesticide residues in water and sediment samples were detected in autumn (73.57 ± 62.97 and 103.03 ± 16.05 ppb, respectively), which may be attributed to the increase in suspended matter (low flood) and high application of pesticides during that season. Pesticide residue in tissue samples of C. gariepinus amounted to 49.1 ± 17.8 ppb followed by T. zillii (48.3 ± 18.9 ppb) and O. niloticus (45.6 ± 28.7 ppb). The relatively high levels of total pesticide residue on C. gariepinus tissue may be explained by the nature of catfish habits and feeding. The estimated pesticide residual concentrations in fish samples did not exceed the maximum residue limits. Health risk estimation revealed that all tested pesticides in the studied fish species had no potential for systemic toxicity to consumers, but regular monitoring is recommended to control the levels of pesticide residues in the Nile River ecosystem.

Gaussian algorithm for retrieving and projecting aerosols optical depth: A case study of Monrovia-Liberia

The large loss of satellite datasets over most parts of West Africa is very dangerous for the purpose of nowcast and forecast. The cause was traced to salient inabilities for satellite sensors to separate aerosols radiances from the surface of the earth to the top of the atmosphere. Fourteen years (2000-2013) Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) was obtained. The volume of data loss in fourteen years was given as 69.9%. Guassian algorithm technique (GAT) was used in this study to retrieve the missing data for fourteen years. The success of the operation extended the research exploration to forecasting twenty years aerosols optical depth. GAT was proven to be very consistent via statistical analysis, cotour mapping, surface mesh mapping, relief mapping and vector mapping. A very high aerosol loading is expected to commence at the begining of 2023 and may last till 2028. It was also shown that aerosol optical depth may be stable between 2029-2033. Two hypothesis were propounded for further work. The results show that aerosol loading over the region is high and may be a major source of environmental hazard in the nearest future.

Assessment of environmental impact of agricultural biogas plants

Operation of biogas plants, anaerobic fermentation processes, collection and purification of biogas and its subsequent combustion may be a source of environmental hazard. The construction and operation of biogas plants is inextricably connected with the generation and emission of solid, liquid and gaseous pollutants into the environment. The aim of the work is to analyze environmental hazards resulting from the construction and operation of biogas plants. As part of the work, a comprehensive analysis of their impact on individual components of the environment was made. The effect of biogas plants on atmospheric air, soil and water environment and acoustic climate was analyzed and the potential range of these impacts was presented.

Integrated Assessment of Environmental Hazard of Enterprises and Territories

There was presented methodology of integrated assessment of environmental hazard, whose main elements are: identification of sources of environmental hazard; assessment of the degree of danger of existing environmental situation; analysis of environmental risks and the assessment of the potential environmental hazard; integrated assessment of existing and potential environmental hazard in a particular area. There was presented systematization of sources of environmental hazard and methods of identifying the existing and potential sources of environmental hazard. Hazard degree assessments of existing environmental situation include landscape identification of the territory, the definition of the total anthropogenic load, and integrated assessment of environment pollution. Environmental hazards in a particular area is determined by the combined action of existing and potential sources of environmental hazards, as well as a degree of danger of existing environmental situation. The presented method was tested in the evaluation of environmental hazards in the Stavropol Kray territory. The proposed method allows carrying out a qualitative assessment of environmental hazard of enterprises and territories, the results of which form the basis for developing measures to ensure environmental safety.

Monitoring of unauthorized places of waste accumulation using satellite imagery

This paper discusses the monitoring of unauthorized places of waste accumulation as sources of environmental hazards. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the possibility of using widely available remote sensing data and GIS technologies for the rapid detection of these places, the analysis of their development and the construction of rational forms of environmental safety management. The article discussed the currently existing methods of decryption of satellite images and their use by others to solve similar environmental problems. Universal classification image does not reveal places of waste accumulation and to determine the degree of danger to the required accuracy. To select the area of waste accumulation in the image and determine its area requires the introduction of additional parameters. The research results show that the problem with the lack of methods for identifying elements that are the sources of formation of ecological danger still exist with the presence of methods and models for detecting waste dumps and tracking the dynamics of its distribution.

System Dynamics Modeling of Dumpsite Leachate Control in Ogbomosoland, Nigeria

Leachate pollution from landfills is a major source of environmental hazard in many Nigerian municipalities and there is the need to mitigate its effects. The aim of this study is to examine the leachate pollution and determine the effectiveness of liner system in leachate management of dumpsites in Ogbomosoland. The method of modeling us ing principles of system dynamics was employed to determine the interrelationships of leachate generation components for 50 years. Causal loops indicating the linkage of population, economic status, waste generation per capita and weather conditions to wastes and leachate generation were developed. A set of state model equations for Gas Produced (Gp), Precipitation (Pt), Degradation water-loss (Wg), Leachate Quantity (LQn), were formulated. Leachate management strategies of liner systems were studied, and the effectiveness of Compacted Clay (CC), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Geosynthetic Clay (GC), Silt (SI), Sandy loam (SL), and Sand (SA) liners were examined. A user-friendly computer program for estimating leachate generation per time and breakthrough time for liners was then developed. The results showed that a direct relationship exists between leachate and Gp, Pt, Wg and LQn. Average leachate breakthrough times for the liners, in years, were CC (41.5), HDPE (14.0), LDPE (10.0), GC (1.1), SI (0.1), SL (0.01), and SA (0.00002). In conclusion, dumpsite leachate pollution was established as having negative effects on the groundwater resource. Compacted Clay liner is therefore recommended for use in curtailing its menace.

Children's Environmenal Health: The School Environment

Children's Environmenal Health: The School Environment

Residential Perceptions of Environmental Exposures and Associated Health Effects in the Fresno, Texas Community

Background: Environmental contaminants are often located in areas heavily populated by African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and the poor. In many communities, the discovery of environmental hazards occurs following concern and investigation by its constituents. The residents of Fresno, Texas, which is a predominantly minority community located near Houston, Texas, have long-standing undocumented concerns related to potential environmental exposures and associated health effects. To begin to document the concerns of the members of the Fresno community, we used focus group methodology to examine the resident’s perceptions of the environment in the Fresno community, potential routes and sources of environmental exposures, and how Fresno residents perceived that these environmental hazards could affect their health. Methods: Focus group methodology was used to assess the Fresno communities’ perceptions of environmental exposure, perceived routes of exposure, and perceived adverse health affects. Nineteen Fresno residents took part in four focus group discussions that were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. Results: The residential participants overwhelmingly described poor water quality in the Fresno community. While some residents perceived that the air quality was good or clear, others described the air as poor or potentially dangerous. Some residents identified the local chemical companies, a landfill, chlorination, and a lack of public water supply as potential sources of contamination in the Fresno community. The residents perceived that environmental exposures could potentially affect their health status, in particular the drinking water. Conclusions: The findings of our study convey the concerns of the members of the Fresno community. Potential environmental exposures were identified along with sources of environmental hazards. Although there were differing perceptions of air quality, the perceptions of water quality and sources of contamination were consistent. These findings should be used in developing a larger-scale environmental health assessment in the Fresno community to examine self-reported health status and measure contaminant levels in the residential drinking water.

Evaluating environmental liability through risk premiums charged on loans to agribusiness borrowers

AbstractEnvironmental activities of a company may result in payments for hazardous waste site costs. Based upon current financial accounting standards, prospective payments for these costs are not always reported as liabilities on financial statements. Agribusiness lenders require complete information on the environmental status of agribusiness borrowers in order to assess the potential effects of environmental liability. In addition, agribusiness lenders have been held responsible by the judicial system for the environmental problems of their borrowers. Publicly available, financial and environmental data was used to develop models to quantify the effects of environmental status regardless of whether environmental liabilities are included in the financial statements. The results indicate that environmental status is dependent upon source of environmental hazard and company size, adjusted for industry affiliation. Affiliation with particular 4‐digit SIC codes reduces the probability of the borrower being considered a significant environmental liability risk. [EconLit Citations: Q13, K32, G20]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.