Source Of Entrepreneurship Research Articles

Promoting entrepreneurship in Eastern Europe

The past decade has seen a revival of entrepreneurship in the modern industrial economies, characterized by a wave of enterprise restructuring and of new developments in business and technology. In this paper, we argue that market transitions of the post-socialist economies of Eastern Europe cannot be successful without similar entrepreneurial restructuring. To address the massive structural distortions that still plague the post-reform economies, the governments of the region must promote entrepreneurship through policies that: (1) make use of all possible sources of entrepreneurship, including in particular the former state and social sectors; and (2) establish a macroeconomic environment and property-rights framework conducive to entrepreneurship. A successful promotion strategy will need to operate on several fronts, by: (1) redirecting entrepreneurial activities into legal, productive activities, (2) increasing the supply and effectiveness of entrepreneurs, (3) developing markets for complementary inputs, and (4) increasing the demand for entrepreneurship. An unsuccessful approach, we argue, will be one that regards the pre-reform small private sector as the only source of entrepreneurship, and as the only arena for its productive use.

Restructuring the telecom sector in developing countries: some new options for policymakers

The urgent need for developing countries to reform national telecommunications policies is addressed. Some promising options for telecommunications policy and structure, particularly regarding strategies to mobilize new sources of entrepreneurship and funds for infrastructure development, are examined. These are tentative propositions drawn from the author's experience in several major developing countries that are presently undergoing rapid reforms. The options considered include new financing and management structures, the encouragement of competition, and the creation of an independent policy-making and regulatory function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Entrepreneurs, Politicians and the Chinese Coal Industry, 1895—1937

The emergence of new groups in society willing and able to supply capital and enterprise to modern industry is one of the crucial aspects of economic development. The sources of entrepreneurship in China and the relations of those entrepreneurs with the rest of society have been insufficiently studied. Previous writers have tended to focus on outstanding individuals such as Sheng Hsuan-huai and Chang Chien, and to pay insufficient attention to their more run-of-the-mill followers. This paper surveys the changing sources of entrepreneurship in the Chinese coal industry between 1895 and 1937 and suggests reasons for the prominence or otherwise of the various groups involved. The concept of entrepreneurship used here is one much wider than the classic Schumpeterian definition, and includes the followers and adaptors who, as Redlich points out, also make a vital contribution to industrialization. Thus we take into our view all those who made a contribution to the development of modern coal mining enterprises as entrepreneurs, as managers or as stockholders—in many cases these functions overlapped. The companies covered are those owned either wholly or partly by Chinese nationals. Such companies accounted for 50–60 per cent of China's coal output of about 30 million tons in the 1930s.

The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Latin America

Introduction: Disenchantment with industrialization in Latin America, 1. — I. Four impulses of import-substituting industrialization (ISI), 4. — II. Characteristics of the initial phase of ISI: industrialization by tightly separated stages, 6; vs. late industrialization, 8; the sources of entrepreneurship, 9; the exuberant phase of ISI and its political consequences, 11. — III. The alleged exhaustion of ISI, 13; a naive and a semi-naive exhaustion model, 13; criticism of the semi-naive model: the importance of policy, 14. — IV. Economic, political and technological determinants of backward linkage, 17. — V. The inability to export manufactures: structural causes and remedies, 24. — Conclusion, 31.