Cobalt Source Research Articles

Non-Invasive Raman and XRF Study of Mīnā’ī Decoration, the First Sophisticated Painted Enamels

Mīnā’ī wares, crafted during the 12th–13th centuries, represent some of the earliest examples of sophisticated painted enamel decoration by potters. Due to the thinness of these enamel layers, their detailed characterization remains challenging, even with the use of advanced techniques, such as Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). This study provides the first combined non-invasive analysis, using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy, of five shards attributed to mīnā’ī wares. For comparison, two İznik shards from the 17th century, which feature similarly styled but thicker enamel decorations, were also analyzed. Interestingly, the mīnā’ī paste was found to contain lead and tin, suggesting the use of a lead-rich frit in its composition. This finding was confirmed through micro-destructive analysis, using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Elements, such as rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), yttrium (Y), and zirconium (Zr), produced significant XRF signals and effectively distinguished mīnā’ī wares from İznik wares. A uniform tin-rich glaze, measuring 300–500 µm in thickness, was used as a base layer for the much thinner painted mīnā’ī enamels. The colored areas (blue, turquoise, red, green, black, white, eggplant) revealed the presence of various coloring agents and phases, such as spinels, chromite, and ions like Cu2+ and Co2+, as well as opacifiers like cassiterite and lead–calcium/potassium arsenates. Two distinct cobalt sources were identified: one associated with arsenic and the other with manganese and nickel. These cobalt sources are comparable to those used in İznik pottery. For the first time, boron was detected in the blue enamel of mīnā’ī wares.

Estratégias para a fixação e desenvolvimento de frutos da mangueira ‘Keitt’ cultivada no semiárido

ABSTRACT: The mango tree presents a high level of fruit abscission, which is increased in semiarid regions due to environmental stress. The use of biostimulants and phytoregulators has shown to be a promising strategy to improve fruit setting. Thus, the present study defined the best strategy for setting and development of the fruit, with the application of phytoregulators and biostimulants on the ‘Keitt’ mango tree, cultivated in the São Francisco Valley. Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, a randomized block design was used, with four treatments T1: control, T2: gibberellic acid (AG3) + 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), T3: AG3 + 2,4-D+Benzyladenine, T4: Biostimulant + CoMo® (sources of cobalt and molybdenum). In experiment 2, the factorial scheme (2 ×3 + 1) distributed in randomized blocks was established, corresponding to two forms of potassium fertilization (recommended and adjusted), three gibberellin concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg L-1) and additional treatment (control - recommended potassium fertilization and no setting strategy). The variables analyzed include the relative number of fruits, the number of fruits for domestic and foreign markets, productive potential, production, productivity, fruit volume, fruit mass, and the yield of peel, pulp and stone. The application of 10 mg L-1 AG3 + 10 mg L-1 2,4-D + 10 mg L-1 Benzyladenine in full flowering of the ‘Keitt’ mango tree, increased the setting and the production of the fruit. Regardless of fertilization, sequential applications at 10 or 20 mg L-1 of AG3 proved to be an effective strategy to produce ‘Keitt’ mango tree. Adjusted potassium fertilization and the application at 10 mg L-1 of AG3 promotes the production of fruits with greater mass and volume.

Nitrogen‑sulfur doped graphene-loaded SiO2/Co9S8 composites as anode materials for improved lithium storage

Heteroatom-doped graphene lamellae can effectively modulate the physical and chemical surface activities of Co9S8 materials. The addition of a second dopant atom, such as nitrogen (N) can further improve the composite properties. Herein, novel nitrogen‑sulfur double-doped graphene-loaded SiO2/Co9S8 composites (SiO2/Co9S8@NSG) were prepared by a one-step solvothermal method using polyethylene glycol as the carbon source and cobalt chloride hexahydrate as the cobalt source to yield a Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) system. The precursor was then obtained by adding tetraethyl silicate as the silicon source, thiourea as the sulfur source, and urea as the nitrogen source. The uniform distribution of Co9S8 in the N/S-doped graphene matrix formed graphene-coated SiO2 particles SiO2/Co9S8@NSG with high specific surface area, superior ionic conductivity, and elevated theoretical specific capacity. The N/S co-doped graphene matrix not only improved the electrical conductivity and hindered the adhesion of the particles, but also buffered the volume of the Co9S8 change and enhanced the electrochemical performance. The testing of SiO2/Co9S8@NSG composite as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) revealed an impressive specific capacity with reversible capacity of 850 mA h/g after 900 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A/g and multiplicative capacity of 730 mA h/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, confirming excellent cycling stability and a Coulombic efficiency close to 100 %. Overall, the proposed doping strategy looks promising for the development of high-performance LIBs.

Preparation and optical properties of Co doped nano-ZnO arrays

Firstly, ZnO seed layer thin films were successfully prepared on silicon substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The seed layer substrate was treated at high temperature of 400 °C and placed vertically on the substrate in a high-pressure reactor. Co/ZnO nanorod arrays with good dispersibility were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis at 100 °C on the ZnO seed layer using Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O as the zinc source, NaOH as the analytical reagent, and C4H6CoO4·4H2O as the cobalt source. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the samples were characterized and analyzed in sequence. The results indicate that the sample exhibits strong diffraction peaks on the crystal plane (002, 101, 102) and the growth of the (002) crystal surface is preferred. The prepared samples are hexagonal wurtzite structure. With the increase of Co doping molar ratio, the uniformity of the samples gradually becomes worse, while the average diameter of ZnO nanorods becomes larger. The PL spectrum shows that the sample has a strong ultraviolet emission peak at around 372 nm, and a significant red shift has occurred. Besides, there is a relatively weak visible light emission peak appeared near 565 nm. Finally, the growth mechanism and luminescence mechanism of nano-Co/ZnO arrays are explained.

Monte Carlo dosimetry study of newly designed shielded applicators for intensity modulated brachytherapy of cervical and vaginal cancers

IntroductionThe utilization of metal shields in intensity-modulated brachytherapy (IMBT) enables the modulation of the dose, resulting in improved conformance to the tumor while simultaneously reducing the doses to organs at risk (OARs). Utilizing higher-energy sources like 60Co in IMBT for cervical and vaginal cancers has consistently posed challenges. This study evaluates the dosimetric aspects of modified applicators designed for IMBT using 60Co and 192Ir sources.Materials and MethodsGATE, a Geant4-based simulation code, was utilized to model and simulate four distinct applicators. The clinical applicators were redesigned to place the structure of the source tube and the shield while keeping the general characteristics unchanged. These shields were evaluated by calculating transmission factors (TFs) and the dose homogeneities were also determined.ResultTransmission factors for the IMBT technique in redesigned intrauterine applicators and tungsten shields for iridium and cobalt sources were at least 12.8 and 65.4%, and these values were obtained for the intravaginal applicator at 0.2 and 7.0%, respectively. The dose homogeneities for all combinations of radionuclide-shield were within a 15% range of the non-IMBT applicators.ConclusionThis study has quantitatively evaluated the dosimetric effect of tungsten shields in the IMBT technique for cervical and vaginal cancer using cobalt sources. 192Ir compared to 60Co resulted in higher effectiveness for the designed intrauterine and intravaginal shields. while implementing tungsten shields in the redesigned applicators against the 60Co source may not offer complete protection, it does show promising results in reducing the dose to organs at risk.

Enhanced photocathodic protection performance of Co3S4 nanoparticles modified porous BiVO4 composites for 304 stainless steel

A nanoporous Co3S4/BiVO4 composites were successfully fabricated via electrodeposition, immersion and oil-bath heating methods. ZIF-67 was used as a cobalt source and template. Co3S4/BiVO4 obtained by treatment for 6 h displayed the best photocathodic protection (PCP) performance. Under light, Co3S4–6 h/BiVO4 reduced the potential of 304 stainless steel (SS) to −490 mV vs. SCE, which was 200 mV below that of pure BiVO4. In addition, the photocurrent densities of 304 SS coupled with Co3S4–6 h/BiVO4 were up to 13 μA cm−2, which was more than 4 times that of pure BiVO4. Remarkably, the Rct of 304 SS coupled with Co3S4–6h/BiVO4 (142.6 Ω·cm2) was 1/27 of that of pure BiVO4 (3918 Ω·cm2). The outstanding PCP property of Co3S4/BiVO4 can be owed to the synergistic effects of strong visible light absorption, improved charge transfer efficiency, and enhanced electron storage capacity. These advantages make Co3S4/BiVO4 a promising candidate for providing effective PCP effects on metals.

Synthesis and characterization of zinc cobalt sulphide nanofilms for optoelectronic applications

Zinc-cobalt sulphide (ZnxCo1−xS) thin films were fabricated on glass substrates using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. In this study, the films were grown employing solutions of zinc acetate, cobalt sulphate, and thioacetamide as the respective sources of zinc, cobalt, and sulphur. The synthesized films were investigated for their potential use in optoelectronic device applications. Optical characterization revealed that the films exhibited a direct transition with an energy gap ranging from 3.350 to 3.360 ​eV. As the zinc concentrations were changing, the absorbance of the films were decreasing uniformly along the wavelength spectra. The films exhibit a low extinction coefficient (0.0–0.23) that may be due to the internal reflections within the material as concentrations changes. Variations in the thickness, reflectance and refractive index with zinc concentrations were also discussed. The electrical resistivity was found to decrease from 7.12×108 to 5.94×108 (Ω.cm) with zinc concentrations. According to the crystallography spectrum, ZnxCo1−xS has a polycrystalline structure with various distinct peaks at different orientations. Scanning electron microscopy shows that surface morphology of ZnxCo1−xS films has a well-defined nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes which are uniformly distributed and are significantly transformed as a function of concentrations. The results demonstrate that the chemically deposited thin films can be engineered for a range of optoelectronic applications.

Comparative studies of cobalt hydroxide and nickel hydroxide designed using novel metal tetrafluoroborate as active materials of battery supercapacitor hybrids

Structure directing agent (SDA) can tailor morphology of active materials with preferable surface properties. Ammonium fluoroborate has been proposed as an effective SDA to synthesize metal organic framework (MOF) derivatives in previous reports, where fluoroborate ions play as morphology regulators by providing steric hindrance. Nickel and cobalt hydroxides are intensively used as active materials in battery supercapacitor hybrids (BSHs), owing to high theoretical capacitances and durability. However, previous studies rarely investigate metal specie effects on energy storage and compare electrochemical performance of nickel and cobalt hydroxides particularly in unique synthesis environments. In this study, nickel tetrafluoroborate (Ni(BF4)2) and cobalt tetrafluoroborate (Co(BF4)2) are respectively used as nickel and cobalt sources to synthesize hydroxides as active materials of BSHs. Tetrafluoroborate ions act as SDAs to design favorable morphologies, while 2-methylimidazole is incorporated to control the pH value for facilitating precipitations. The Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 electrodes respectively show specific capacitances (CF) of 1118.5 and 334.3 F/g at 20 mV/s, owing to the preferable alpha-type hydroxide and larger pore volume/width for Ni(OH)2. A BSH consisted of a Ni(OH)2 positive electrode shows a maximum energy density of 64.0 Wh/kg at 700.0 W/kg, and the CF retention of 116% and Coulombic efficiency of 94% after 5000 cycles.

Assessment of an eco-efficient process for the optimization of metal recovery in lithium cobalt oxide and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide batteries

The expansion of technology motivates the increase of global demands for critical minerals. In this context, the exploration of secondary sources of these components is expanding. End-of-life batteries can be seen as potential sources of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese for electric vehicles or diverse applications in electronic equipments. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the recovery of metals from waste batteries with diverse chemistry composition. Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NMC) batteries were co-treated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) channels under supercritical water, varying reaction temperature (400–600 °C) and PVC/Battery composition (0–3 m/m) in a tubular continuous reactor. Results show high recovery rates for all metals, with up to 90% percentage recovery of lithium and cobalt in all cases. Temperature and feed composition were identified as determining factors for the recovery of lithium from LCO batteries. In the case of cobalt, temperature was identified as the most important factor that affects its recovery. The selected optimal conditions for cobalt recovery in the solid products of reactions were identified for batteries LCO and NMC: temperature of 600 °C and PVC/Battery ratio of 3.0 and temperature of 500 °C and PVC/Battery ratio of 1.5, respectively. Environmental impacts, primarily Global Warming Potential (GWP), were minimal, with 4.71·10−5 kg CO2 eq., indicating the benefits of the process as an eco-efficient and promising route for the recycling of valuable metals.

Heterostructure engineering of N-doped Co@ carbon nanotubes toward broadband efficient electromagnetic absorption

The synergistic effect of magnetic loss and dielectric loss, as well as the reasonable construction of microstructure, have a significant effect on improving the absorption performance of electromagnetic wave absorbers. In this paper, N-doping Co@ carbon nanotubes (NCC) composites are successfully grown in situ on cobalt particles using a cobalt source as a catalyst. The metal particle Co is encapsulated within the carbon nanotubes and N is doped in the carbon lattice. This special structure introduces a large number of heterogeneous interfaces and defects, leading to optimized impedance matching and strong electromagnetic attenuation. The results showed that the minimum reflection loss is −69.33 dB for NCC800-1 with a thickness of 1.6 mm, and NCC900-4 possesses the widest effective absorption bandwidth of 7.70 GHz at a thickness of 2.1 mm with other NCC composites. Furthermore, the radar scattering cross section simulation results confirm that the prepared absorbing coatings can well suppress radar waves in different directions. The outstanding absorption performance is attributed to the defects and heterogeneous interfaces in the cobalt-catalyzed carbon nanofibers, the conductive network formed by carbon fibers, and the synergistic effects of magnetic and dielectric losses. This work presents a novel engineering approach for synthesizing absorbers with multiple loss mechanisms and heterogeneous structures, offering a promising pathway for the development of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.

Boosting HER performance of ZIF-67 via optimizing synthesis parameters in alkaline medium

Electrochemical water splitting offers a promising route to sustainable hydrogen production. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as potential electrocatalysts due to their tunable structure and composition. We investigated the electrocatalytic activity of ZIF-67 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. Synthesis parameters, including temperature, reaction time, acidity, molar ratio of 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) to cobalt source, cobalt source type, addition method of 2-MIM, and solvent type, were systematically varied to optimize the electrocatalytic properties of ZIF-67. The synthesized ZIF-67 electrocatalysts were characterized using BET, FESEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry methods. The optimized ZIF-67 electrocatalyst exhibited remarkable performance, with a low overpotential of 171 mV, a small Tafel slope of 82 mV.dec−1, a low charge transfer resistance of 97 Ω, a high double-layer capacitance of 13.5 mF cm−2, and high stability for 15 h at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the optimized ZIF-67 was attributed to its high surface area, tunable pore structure, and the presence of active cobalt sites.

Unlocking the potential: strategic synthesis of a previously predicted pyrazolate-based stable MOF with unique clusters and high catalytic activity.

The metal-organic framework (MOF) constructed from [Co4Pz8] clusters (Pz = pyrazolate) and 1,3,5-tris(pyrazolate-4-yl) benzene (BTP3-) ligands was structurally predicted many years ago, and expected to be a promising candidate for various applications owing to its unique clusters and highly open 3D framework structure. However, this MOF has not been experimentally prepared yet, despite extensive efforts were made. In this work, we present the successful construction of this MOF, hereinafter referred to as BUT-124(Co), by adopting a two-step synthesis strategy, involving the initial construction of a template framework (BUT-124(Cd)) followed by a post-synthetic metal metathesis process. The effects of various cobalt sources and solvents were systematically investigated, and an innovative stepwise metathesis strategy was employed to optimize the exchange rates and the porosity of the material. BUT-124(Co) demonstrates high catalytic activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), achieving a competitive performance with an overpotential of 393 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, and also affords remarkable long-term stability during potentiostatic electrolysis in 1 M KOH solution, surpassing the durability of many benchmark catalysts. This work not only introduces a novel MOF material with promising properties but also exemplifies a strategic synthesis approach for pyrazolate-based MOFs, paving the way for advancements in diverse application fields.

Defect Engineering of Biodegradable Sulfide Nanocage Sonozyme Systems Enables Robust Immunotherapy Against Metastatic Cancers

AbstractIt is important but challenging to innovate inorganic sonosensitizers with controlled biodegradability and enhanced sonodynamic and chemodynamic activities to harness and remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) for awakening robust immune responses against metastatic cancers. Herein the rational design and defect engineering strategy of a pH‐responsive biodegradable sonozyme system in sulfide nanocages for augmented cancer immunotherapy is reported. A series of highly defective Co9S8‐x sonosensitizers with elevated sulfur‐vacancy (VS) levels are fabricated to systematically explore the VS‐dependent sonodynamic and chemodynamic properties by regulating the weight ratio of the sulfur to cobalt source. The bandgap is substantially reduced from 2.06 to 1.54 eV, and the atomic ratio of Co2+ to Co3+ is increased from 1.53 to 1.97. Therefore, the sonodynamic, chemodynamic, and antitumor immune responses of Co9S8‐x are dramatically augmented by defect engineering of a biodegradable sulfide sonozyme system. The slow degradation in the slightly acid TME substantially reduced the size for enhanced tumor targeting and infiltration, while exerting a slight influence on the sonodynamic performance. As a result, satisfactory therapeutic effects on the eradication of primary, distant, and metastatic tumors can be achieved. This work highlights the potential of defect engineering strategies in biodegradable sonosensitizers for enhanced immunotherapy in combating metastatic cancers.

Conversion of cobalt from spent LIBs to Co3O4 electrode material for application in supercapacitors

ABSTRACT The cathode material of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is endowed with valuable metals, such as cobalt. The improper treatment of these batteries pollutes the environment and causes enormous resource waste. Therefore, the recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs has attracted widespread attention. In this study, Co3O4 electrode materials were prepared by a simple homogeneous precipitation method and heat treatment using a leaching solution of spent LIBs-positive electrode material as the cobalt source. The crystal structure and morphology of the products were examined at different annealing temperatures, and their electrochemical performance was analyzed. The results show that low-temperature annealing contributes to grain refinement. The Co3O4 material prepared at 300°C annealing temperature has a rod-like structure with distinct pores and a specific surface area of 58.98 m2 g−1. Furthermore, electrochemical performance testing reveals that Co3O4 prepared at 300°C displays the best electrochemical performance as an electrode material, with a specific capacitance of 97.93 F g−1 and a cycle retention rate of 79.12% after 500 charge–discharge cycles. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of recycling valuable metal cobalt from spent LIBs cathode materials to produce Co3O4 materials for use as supercapacitor electrode materials, opening up new avenues for the recycling and utilisation of spent LIBs.

КОБАЛЬТ У ВОДНИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМАХ: ФОРМИ ЗНАХОДЖЕННЯ, БІОЛОГІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ ТА ТОКСИЧНІСТЬ ДЛЯ РИБ

The review outlines the sources of cobalt and its compounds entering the environment, analyzes the forms of the metal in aquatic ecosystems, and discusses methods of ecoanalytical control, along with the peculiarities of cobalt metabolism and its toxicity for aquatic organisms (hydrobionts). Cobalt, a transition metal and rare natural element, exhibits varying concentrations in freshwater ecosystems. Its levels range from very low (ng/L to μg/L) in unpolluted, anthropogenically unaffected water bodies, to significantly higher concentrations (above 3 mg/L) in contaminated areas. It was noted that the metal can exist in aquatic ecosystems in the form of divalent and trivalent cobalt compounds. In the aqueous phase, cobalt can also be in a hydrated form, in the form of complex compounds with organic or inorganic ligands and suspensions or colloids. The ratio of dissolved and insoluble forms of metal in fresh water varies greatly. It is shown that bottom sediments are one of the main sources of secondary contamination of the aquatic environment with cobalt, and high levels of it in bottom sediments may indicate anthropogenic pollution. It is shown that the methods of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in a graphite furnace, atomic absorption spectrometry with a flame detector, mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS), atomic- emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES), bioindication. The pathways of cobalt intake and excretion in hydrobionts, and the specific tissue accumulation patterns in fish, were also examined. Cobalt is a vital micronutrient for fish, as it is a key component of the vitamin B12 complex and acts as a cofactor for various enzymes such as dehydrogenases, dehydratases, hydratases, mutases, and transferases. A deficiency of cobalt in fish can lead to impaired growth, development, and movement. However, excessive accumulation can induce oxidative stress, trigger apoptosis, disrupt enzyme and calcium metabolism, cause DNA damage and biological membrane impairment, and negatively affect the reproductive system and hematological health of fish.

Carboxymethyl β-Cyclodextrin Assistance for the 4-Nitrophenol Reduction Using Cobalt-Based Layered Double Hydroxides.

Cobalt-aluminum-layered double hydroxides containing carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin (CMβCD) were synthesized by coprecipitation and evaluated as a cobalt source for the 4-nitrophenol reduction in an aqueous medium. Several physicochemical techniques (XRD, FTIR, TGA) indicated the intercalation of the anionic cyclodextrin without damages to the hydrotalcite-type structure. These lamellar cobalt-aluminum hybrid materials (CoAl_CMβCD) were evaluated in the 4-nitrophenol reduction and showed higher activities in comparison with the CMβCD-free standard material (CoAl_CO3). To rationalize these results, a set of experimental controls going from physical mixtures of CoAl_CO3 with different cyclodextrins to other cobalt-based materials were investigated, highlighting the beneficial effects of both the layered double hydroxide and CMβCD-based hybrid structures. CMβCD also showed a beneficial effect as an additive during the 4-nitrophenol reduction. CoAl_CO3, dispersed in a fresh CMβCD solution could be re-used for five successive cycles without the loss of activity.

Thermal hydraulic numerical analysis and experimental validation of GY-20A cobalt source transportation cask

Thermal hydraulic numerical analysis and experimental validation of GY-20A cobalt source transportation cask

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cobalt Carbonyl Phosphorus and Arsenic Clusters.

Phosphorus- and arsenic-containing cobalt clusters are an interesting class of compounds that continue to provide new structures with captivating bonding patterns. Although the first members of this family were reported 45 years ago, the number of such species is still limited within the broad family of transition metal complexes bearing pnictogen atoms. Herein, we present the reaction of Co2(CO)8 as a cobalt source with a number of phosphorus- and arsenic-containing compounds under variable reaction conditions. These reactions result in various known and novel cobalt phosphorus and cobalt arsenic clusters in which different nuclearity ratios between P/As and Co exist. All those clusters were characterized by X-ray structural analysis and partly by IR, 31P{1H} NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. This comprehensive study is the first detailed study in this field that reveals the richness of compounds that could be obtained only by modifying the ratio of used reactants and the involved reaction conditions.

Professor Carla Bottoli, an enthusiastic scientific researcher, kindly spoke to BrJAC

Carla Beatriz Grespan Bottoli holds a degree in Industrial Chemistry from the Federal University of Santa Maria (1996), as well as a Ph.D. in Chemistry (2002), and a postdoctoral degree in Chemistry (2002-2004), both from the State University of Campinas (Unicamp). In 2005, she undertook an internship at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) to study radiolysis in vitamins using gamma radiation from a source of Cobalt 60. In 2017, she presented her habilitation thesis (associate professor's thesis) at Unicamp. Currently, she is Associate Professor and Postgraduate Advisor at the Institute of Chemistry at Unicamp (IQ-Unicamp), where she works in the area of analytical chemistry, with emphasis on separation methods, mainly liquid chromatography. Prof. Bottoli coordinates the NovaCrom – Liquid Chromatography Laboratory (https://novacromlab.wixsite.com/novacrom), which is a research group that has been working on the development of new monolithic stationary phases for capillary liquid chromatography. Research is also focused on the development of analytical methods that employ liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to study the translocation of pesticides in plants such as coconut, palm, and soybean. Between 2019 and 2021, Prof. Bottoli was an associate coordinator of the Research Commission of the IQ-Unicamp and is currently a member of the Research Integrity Commission at Unicamp. She is a member of the Brazilian Chemical Society and a researcher at the National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCTBio). Carla Bottoli is the mother of Murilo, 13 and Mateus, 10.

Construction of Bimetallic-Anchored Two-Dimensional Nanosheets on COF for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries.

The preparation of carbon materials by doping bimetallic oxides into triazine frameworks (COFs) is a promising electrocatalyst with the potential to replace precious metals in energy storage systems. In this experiment, a covalent triazine framework (COF) was synthesized by 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCB) and zinc chloride, in which the COF and transition metals were used as carbon, nitrogen, cobalt, and iron sources. According to the properties of this COF, the destruction of the catalyst during pyrolysis can be prevented. The enhanced catalytic performance of the catalysts can be seen by testing all of the samples of catalysts in an alkaline medium. The high half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.86 V is comparable to Pt/C and also shows excellent durability by testing. Zinc-air batteries were assembled using the prepared catalysts, and the batteries were tested for specific capacity (548 mAh g-1) and power density (189 mW cm-2). This work provides a new direction for COF-derived catalysts for carbon materials.