Source Of Children Research Articles

ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND OPTIMAL CONDITION FOR EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES SECRATED FROM NEW LOCAL STRAIN-ISOLATE Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis strain Iraq-Basrah 3

Metabolic products of exopolysaccharide (EPS) generated by LAB strains have several biomedical effects. Our study focused on the isolation of a new strain of Bifidobacterium spp. From the sources of children's feces, examining them to choose the best EPS-producing strain, studying all the optimal conditions to increase the efficiency of producing more EPS, knowing the stage of their production, and finally introducing them into biomedical applications to test their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. EPS is secreted by the most efficient new local strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis strain Iraq-Basrah 3 was extracted and purified, resulting in the highest production (2.08±0.41 g/L) in 1% (w/v) starch, which is the best carbon source with the best inoculum size of 1% (v/v) in 18 h at 37 °C and a pH value of 6.5. Coinciding with the best production phase, the generation time for the new strain was 32.2 min, and maximum production occurred after 16 h (2,45 g/L) to 20 h (2.14 g/L) between the end of the logarithmic phase and the early stationary phase. EPS exhibited antimicrobial activity, where S. aureus (17.24±1.2 mm) and E. coli (16.6±0.94 mm) were immediately resistant to EPS. In contrast, other pathogens were resistant to EPS, whereas strong antioxidant activity was observed at a concentration of 1500 µg/ml (84.43±0.95%). Through this study, we have proven that optimal conditions directly affect the quantity and production of EPS and that it has an inhibitory effect on some microbes in addition to being a natural antioxidant for DPPH free radicals.

Assessment of ecological and public health risks associated with heavy metals on farmland in Wonosobo Regency, Indonesia

The deposition of metallic substances on farmland is of critical importance owing to its possible detrimental impacts on the surroundings and human wellness. Heavy metals can adversely affect the physicochemical properties of soil and plant health. Prolonged exposure to heavy metals in humans can lead to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. The present research intended to determine the dispersion condition of toxic metals on cropland and assess the attendant environmental and health dangers in the Wonosobo Regency. This study used a soil sample survey encompassing 312 soil sampling sites. The completed analyses comprise geographical analysis, index of geo-accumulation (IG), contamination index (CI), Nemerow comprehensive contamination index (NCCI), risk analysis, and health risk analysis. The research findings reveal that cadmium material is the primary contributor to contamination from heavy metals in farmland in Wonosobo Regency, as shown by IG analysis. The CI and environmental hazards assessments suggest considerable pollution levels. Kids are more prone to illnesses than adults due to their daily intake amount, so it is necessary to pay more attention to the daily intake sources in children to minimize exposure to heavy metals.

Protocol for the diagnostic performance of C reactive protein, procalcitonin and interleukin-6 for serious bacterial infections among children ≤36 months old presenting with fever without source: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionThe management of fever without source in children ≤36 months old remains a diagnostic challenge as the underlying aetiologies can vary from self-limiting viral infections to serious bacterial infections (SBIs)....

Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak

The application of restorative justice with certain requirements must be implemented and used to provide opportunities and possibilities for crime victims to obtain restitution, a sense of security, enable perpetrators to understand the causes and consequences of their behavior and take responsibility in a meaningful way and enable society to understand the main causes of crimes, to promote society's sense of justice and prevent crime. A special restorative justice process strategy for children/adolescents that is balanced should be based on the idea that the source of children's crimes and violations is the community, family, school, so that strategies that only focus on individual perpetrators are not appropriate. This restorative justice will feature flexible procedures and a series of actions that can be adapted to the applicable criminal justice system and are fair to the parties.

Comprehension of who- and which-questions in monolingual and bilingual acquisition: Explicating the difficulty of set restriction

Objectives: Object wh-questions are more difficult for monolingual children to comprehend than subject questions. Especially difficult are object- which questions that appear to be significantly more difficult than both (object/subject) who and subject- which questions. Our research examines the manifestation of this difficulty among bilingual preschool children (L1-English, L2-Hebrew) as compared with their Hebrew monolingual peers, exploring the two languages of the bilinguals. Approach: Using a character selection task, the empirical goal of the study is to analyze the differences between monolinguals and bilinguals and between the languages of the bilinguals. The theoretical goal is to explain the difficulty which cuts across the two populations, namely, the comprehension of object- which questions. Data and Analysis: A total of A total of 55 preschool children, aged 4.4–6.4, participated in the study: 20 monolinguals and 35 bilinguals. A mixed linear model analysis, a general linear model, multiple linear regression analyses, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: (1) Monolingual and bilingual children (in their L2) have similar trajectories: object- which questions present difficulties to all participants, and their comprehension systematically follows the comprehension of object- who questions; (2) similar trajectories are also found in the two languages of the bilingual children, with L1-English object- which questions lagging behind L2-Hebrew object- which questions. Originality: The comparison between the two populations, and especially between the two languages of the bilinguals, led us to take a closer look at the syntactic processing of which-questions. We explored the possibility that the set restriction computation is the source of children’s difficulty, overloading their working memory resources. Significance: Our research demonstrates that monolingual and bilingual (syntactic) development is essentially the same. However, when syntactic processes interact with additional factors, such as working memory resources and language-specific properties, as is the case in object- which questions in Hebrew versus English, the gap between the two populations might widen.

The Annual Amount of Radon Radiation from Drinking Water Sources in Children and Adults in Roudan county, Iran

Background: Radon is a major source of natural radiation in water, soil, and air. Natural sources of radiation are major contributors to the radiation humans and other living beings receive. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on drinking water sources of three cities and 18 villages of Roudan county in 2021. The measurement of radon concentration in the collected samples was performed using the RAD7 device. Results: In the studied water sources, the highest and lowest radon concentrations were 11.00±2.09 and 0.95±0.23 kBq/m3 , respectively. The average radon concentration was 4.98±0.76 Bq/L which was lower than 11 Bq/L (the EPA level recommended for drinking water). The mean annual effective dose of radon, due to direct and continuous water intake for adults and children was 48.01±11.56 and 65.86±15.86 µSv/y, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that radon concentrations in two regions of Roudan county were higher than the allowed World Health Organization (WHO) concentration and people who normally use these resources for drinking during the year are exposed to abnormal radiation levels.

Educating children: future directions for the history of childhood and education

ABSTRACT This article explores the crossover between the history of education and the history of childhood. The emergence of state-sponsored national schooling, institutions for juvenile delinquents, home-schooling and expanding higher education were legal and social manifestations of cultural assumptions concerning the needs of children and projections of futurity that accompanied childhood. Several avenues ripe for collaboration between historians of childhood and education are proposed, including a move towards transnational and globalised history, a renewed attention to socialisation and a return to the school as a source for children’s writing and activities. In doing so it can be seen how educational practices and pedagogical beliefs regarding the nature of children reveal the underlying logic that governs modern categories of belonging and difference particularly in reference to the British and Ottoman empires.

Domestic dogs as sentinels of children lead exposure: Multi-pathway identification and source apportionment based on isotope technique

Environmental lead exposure poses risks to children’ health, thus exposure sources and pathways identification remain important concern and research scope. Due to sharing the same environment, domestic animals, especially dogs, have been used as useful sentinels to identify human lead exposure. However, more evidence is needed on whether domestic dogs could be used to identify the lead exposure pathways and sources of children. Thus, this study investigated the dietary habits, behaviors, and household environment of children and dogs in a typical coal-fired area in China. The lead levels and lead isotope ratios (Acronym: LIRs, expressed as 208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb) in dogs' and children's blood, as well as in environmental media (food, PM2.5, indoor/outdoor dust, drinking water and soil) were measured to explore the predominant lead pollution sources and exposure pathways of children. The results showed that the LIRs of children's blood (208Pb/206Pb = 2.0703 ± 0.0076, 207Pb/206Pb = 0.8501 ± 0.0052) were similar to those of dogs' blood (208Pb/206Pb = 2.0696 ± 0.0085, 207Pb/206Pb = 0.8499 ± 0.0052), as well as similar to the LIRs of environmental media, i.e. children's food (208Pb/206Pb = 2.0731 ± 0.0057, 207Pb/206Pb = 0.8491 ± 0.0036) and coal (208Pb/206Pb = 2.0683 ± 0.017, 207Pb/206Pb = 0.8515 ± 0.01). Children and dogs had similar lead exposure pathways, but the contributions of each exposure pathway were different, i.e., 83.1% vs. 76.9% for children and dogs via food ingestion, 1.4% vs. 5.6% via particulate matter exposure, and 15.5% vs. 17.5% via household dust exposure, respectively. The contribution of food via ingestion to lead exposure remains dominant, and coal combustion is a main lead exposure source for children and domestic dogs.

Influences of Regional Cultural Breaks and Migration Processes on Children’s and Winter Calendar and Ritual Song Folklore of Kirovohrad Oblast

Kirovohrad Oblast, founded in 1939, is situated in the central part of Ukraine, on the right bank of the Dnipro. The southern center of Ukraine, in particular the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast, has been settled quite late, in the 17th–18th centuries. The conglomeration of East-Podillian, Central-Ukrainian and Trans-Dnieper singing has formed a specific folklore zone here. Resettlers from the northern and western lands have also brought well-preserved folklore traditions to these lands. They have formed a peculiar marginal culture here, which is defined by a number of distinctive features in the folklore works of the region. We consider them after the sources of children’s and winter calendar-ritual folklore. Only some versions of ancient lullabies have been recorded in the Kirovohrad Oblast. The lullabies of the Eastern type predominate on the rest of the territories, although there are also Western ones, recorded from the resettlers mainly. Ancient lullabies from the Podillian part of Kirovohrad Oblast have a syncopated Western-type chant. Eastern-type lullabies of Kirovohrad Oblast differ in their textual and melodic variety. On the melodic side, lullabies of the Eastern type belong mainly to the song-recitative type. The melody is dominated by the repetition of one chant-formula of the ascending-descending type, which contributes to lulling the child with its monotony. In the recordings of eastern lullabies from a resettled woman from the Chornobyl zone of the Zhytomyr region, we observe a significant melismatic enrichment of formulaic intonations. In the western, Podillian regions of Kirovohrad Oblast, samples of children’s folklore are distinguished by dialectal peculiarities of the language. Published works and modern expeditionary records of children’s koliadky and shchedrivky are the evidence of the distribution of such songs as Koliadnytsia, Koliadnytsia, Shchedrivochka Shchedruvala on the territory of the region. Children’s sowing songs have become especially popular. The motifs of Illia walking on Vasyl, who wears a magical rye peacock (whip) are introduced into them from the northern regions. The historical situation in the Kirovohradshchyna, and partly the cultural policy of the last century, have influenced the existence of winter calendar and ritual song folklore here perniciously. Only a few examples of secular carols and shchedrivky have been recorded in the region. At the same time, winter songs of the Gospel themes are more preserved in church and folk usage. In general, the repertoire of koliadky and shchedrivky of the Kirovohrad region is preserved to a greater extent in the western, Podillian districts, where the koliadky prevail, and only fragmentarily, much more modestly, in the central part of the region, where the shchedrivky predominate. The peculiarities of the folklore tradition of the region consist in the inclination of the bearers of folk songs for numerous contaminations of various types. We have observed this phenomenon by the way of example of recordings of children’s and winter calendar-ritual song folklore because of its border location between the Trans-Dnieper, Steppe and Podillia zones. There is the inclination of the bearers of folk songs to numerous contaminations of various types. The enrichment of the song folklore of the Kirovohrad Oblast is introduced due to the migratory waves of various times, starting from the period of intensive settlement of the region to modern processes of emigration because of the natural causes, man-made disasters and military actions. Thanks to the recordings of the expeditions of the Baba Yelka project during the 2018–2022, it is possible to study the peculiarities of functioning of the song folklore of the region in the latest times.

Peran Home Library dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Anak (Studi Home Library Dosen di Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram)

The existence of a home library in every family provides easier and guaranteed access to information from information that isn’t needed, can grow and develop children's reading interest and culture from an early age, and develop positive brushes and develop children's skills through quality reading. In the context of the Covid 19 pandemic, home libraries are a good alternative in improving children's literacy. This study aims to determine the role of the home library in improving children's literacy (study at Muhammadiyah University of Mataram). The research method uses a qualitative approach. Sources of data obtained through primary sources (direct informants) and secondary sources (books or journals) related to the research. The data collection procedure was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted. The results showed that the home library plays a role in growing and improving children's literacy such as reading, writing and arithmetic literacy. children's character literacy such as discipline, honesty, responsibility, manners, mutual love, and respect for each other .The role of the home library, among others; first, the home library as a source of children's reading. Second, as a child's learning media. Third, as a place for children's recreation. Fourth, as a medium for children's cultural education. And fifth, as a medium for children's character education.

Sources of children’s exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements

Sources of children’s exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements

De Facto Adoption and Transnational Kinship Formation: Rearticulating Paper Children Immigration during the Chinese Exclusion Era and After

Abstract This article situates Chinese paper children immigration during the Exclusion Era and the pre–1965 period in the combined framework of ancient Chinese adoption and transnational kinship formation. It examines, by reading paper children's oral histories and related sources, how the paper children system was rooted in, borrowed from, and modified ancient Chinese adoption practices, through which Chinese immigrants formed transnational, fictive kinship in the United States that were mixed with both blood and non-blood relationships. Since the Exclusion Era, a discourse about Chinese immigrants, especially paper children being illegal, was so powerful that immigration historians seldom question this assumption, even as they critique the institutionalized exclusion that created such illegality. This article, however, challenges this assumption by arguing that paper children immigration generated de facto adoptive relationships between paper children and their paper families, and that these adoptive relationships further sustained paper children's legal status as American citizens. Treating paper children as de facto adoptive members of their paper families, this article brings to the surface a fact that by emphasizing their illegality, the dominant discourse only acknowledged their hidden, original identities and deemed parent-child relationships based on blood ties as the only legitimate ones.

Characterizing Flavonoid Intake of Children in the U.S.: Results From What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017–2018

ObjectivesFlavonoids, bioactive compounds found in plants, exhibit multiple actions that may protect against chronic disease. While flavonoid intakes by adults have been reported, little is known concerning current intakes by children. The objective of this study is to estimate intake of flavonoids and identify top dietary sources among U.S. children. MethodsOne day of dietary intake from children 2–19 years (n = 2,380) participating in What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017–2018 was analyzed. USDA’s Database of Flavonoid Values for USDA Food Codes 2007–2010 was updated to reflect all foods/beverages reported in 2017–2018. The resulting database provides flavonoid composition profiles (total flavonoids and 29 individual flavonoids in six flavonoid classes) for 7,083 foods. The What We Eat in America Food Categories were applied to amalgamate similar items in order to summarize dietary contributors to flavonoid intake. ResultsEstimated mean total flavonoid intakes were 79.9 mg/day among children 2–19 years; corresponding intakes by age group were 71.3 mg/d for 2–5 years, 73.2 mg/d for 6–11 years, and 88.9 mg/d for 12–19 years. Among all children, daily intakes of the flavonoid classes were as follows: flavan-3-ols, 47.2 mg; flavanones, 11.5 mg; anthocyanidins, 10.6 mg; flavanols, 8.8 mg; isoflavones, 1.3 mg, and flavones, 0.5 mg. Median intake estimates reflected the positive skew of the flavonoid dietary data. For all children, total intake at the 50th percentile was 34.8 mg/day, and ranged from 30.4 to 41.4 mg/day among the age groups. Though tea was only reported by 15.0% of this population, it contributed 46.3% of total flavonoid intake among children overall and ≥33.1% for all three age groups. Other major contributors to total flavonoid intake for all children were 100% fruit juices (11.6%), berries (7.0%), apples (6.2%), oranges (5.8%) and snacks and sweets (4.5%). ConclusionsAssessing flavonoid intake and its dietary sources in children provides important context when investigating associations between these dietary compounds and diseases which develop over the life cycle. Funding SourcesARS, USDA.

Parenting under pressure: Parental transmission and buffering of child fear during the COVID‐19 pandemic

The current study investigated the impacts of parental behaviors (threat communication and comforting) on children's COVID-19 fears and whether effects differed by age. Caregivers of 283 children (5.5-17 years, M=10.17, SD=3.25) from 186 families completed online measures assessing children's and parents' COVID-19-related fears, children's sources of COVID-19 threat information, and parents' engagement in behaviors to reduce child distress (i.e., comfort behaviors). Higher COVID-19 fear in parents was associated with greater communication of COVID-19 threat information, which was associated with higher COVID-19 fear in younger, but not older, children. Over and above parental fear and threat communication, greater exposure to COVID-19 threat information from community sources (e.g., media, school, friends) was associated with greater COVID-19 fear in children, regardless of age. Greater engagement of parental comfort behaviors buffered the association between community sources of COVID-19 threat information and COVID-19 fears in older, but not younger, children. These findings suggest that younger children might be more vulnerable to developing heightened COVID-19 fears as a result of increasing sources of COVID-19 threat information in their lives. This study highlights the importance of supporting the socioemotional well-being of children and families through the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

The dialectical relation of real and digital Conceptual PlayWorlds in Family Day Care

ABSTRACT Play acts as the source of children’s development in the preschool period. Yet, the global pandemic has changed children’s play conditions in ways that are not yet fully understood. With movement restrictions, families have struggled to find ways of bringing children together for play. We studied how family day care (FDC) educators across a remote region of Australia used a digital platform to collectively play in a Conceptual PlayWorld. The central question was: How do the dialectical digital and real world conditions of play create developmental opportunities for children? To answer this, we researched how family day care educators, their leaders (n = 7) and the children (n = 38) from their respective FDC homes, simultaneously played at home and remotely using a zoom platform with a storyteller-player. 797.46 min of digital data were generated and analysed using the Vygotskian conception of the dialectical relation between rudimentary/real and ideal/mature forms of play. In drawing on previous cultural-historical theorisations of digital play, this paper discusses the new developmental conditions created in this real world and virtual context of FDC. We introduce new concepts for explaining the developmental processes and outcomes for these children.

Sinergitas Guru dan Orang Tua dalam Menumbuhkan Minat Belajar Anak di Lembaga Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Bustanul Ulum

The Covid-19 pandemic period has not yet passed, the world of education is in a polemic between complying with government regulatory policies and the importance of learning for the nation's young generation, which until now are still doing online learning. There are many pros and cons in dealing with this. Then a number of problems arise and one of the problems we often see today is the declining interest in children's learning and the lack of support from parents. Interest in learning decreased due to students experiencing boredom in online learning. Besides that, face-to-face learning is considered more capable of boosting children's interest in learning, as well as fostering a high understanding of the learning material presented by the teacher. Technological tools in the form of mobile phones as a source of children's learning are not maximally able to foster children's interest in learning. They more often use mobile phones as a tool to play and play, learning is no longer efficient. As an educator, I must be able to build synergy with students and also their parents and the surrounding community. And one of the synergies that have been built is in the form of an organization, because in my opinion, from the several approach strategies that I have taken, Gratefuly, there have been significant changes. This also happened because of the support from parents.
 Keywords: Synergy, Interest in Learning, Parental Support, Planning

Fever without Source in Children: Six Years Experience of a Children’s Hospital

Fever without Source in Children: Six Years Experience of a Children’s Hospital

Causes of Melena and Effective Examination Strategies in Children.

Background and Aim: Melena, or tarry black stool, is not a rare symptom encountered in pediatric clinical practice, and the bleeding source varies from the upper gastrointestinal tract to the small intestine. Endoscopy is effective in identifying bleeding, but it does not always identify the source of bleeding. Endoscopic examination in children is commonly challenging, and there are no detailed reports about the causes of melena in children. This observational study aimed to validate the cause of melena in children and to investigate more effective and less burdensome examination methods.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 55 patients who underwent examination for melena.Results: In this research, 38 patients had underlying diseases such as malignancy and severe mental and physical disorders. The bleeding source was identified in 39 patients. The most common final diagnosis was duodenal ulcer (n = 22), and the other diagnoses were gastric ulcer, esophagitis, and esophageal varices. The upper gastrointestinal tract was the most common source of bleeding (n = 34). In five patients, the bleeding source was the small intestine. Vomiting, abnormal abdominal ultrasonography findings, and a hemoglobin level of ≤ 3 g/dL than the lower normal limit were significant factors indicating that the bleeding source can be found on esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Conclusions: The upper gastrointestinal tract was the most common bleeding source of melena in children. As in adults, esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the primary endoscopic method of choice. Furthermore, small bowel capsule endoscopy may be useful in identifying the bleeding source in children without upper gastrointestinal lesions.

Dynamic Edible Plant Theoretical Knowledge in a Changing Western Mexican Rural Community

The ability to name plants is part of one's theoretical botanical knowledge, which is neither static nor presented equally among all members of a cultural group. This article analyzes the intracultural variation of knowledge in the cultural domain of edible plant species among a rural population of western Mexico. We evaluate individuals' capacity to name plants, the salience of each plant, children's sources of this knowledge, and the socioeconomic factors that influence the amount of knowledge held. Freelists on local edible plant species were generated from 107 participants, including 37 children of middle childhood (MC), 27 preteens (PT), and 43 adults (A). A total of 102 species were mentioned across the lists for all three age groups. While each age and gender group presented variation in the species mentioned, a high level of overlap was found among the salient species. Group A mentioned twice the number of wild species as the PT and MC groups. Vertical knowledge transmission was more important for the children, and their ability to name the species differed significantly according to age, gender, and mother's occupation. Children with farmer-housewife mothers listed five more species on average than those with mothers in other occupational groups. The children listed fewer plants than adults, indicating differences between age groups and indicating the need for future studies to evaluate the factors that influence the transmission of knowledge amidst socioenvironmental changes.

Mengembangkan Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Melalui Alat Permainan Edukatif Dari Kardus Bekas

This study uses a descriptive survey method. With the use of this "cardboard" used item to be used as an Educational Game Tool (APE), besides that, another benefit is being able to develop the social emotional aspects of children when the toys are given and of course have a further impact on increasing the direct learning experience that children get, as well as increasing interest. study. Therefore, the researcher wants to know more about the development of children's creativity through used goods which are used as a source of children's learning to stimulate the experience and development of children's creativity through educational game tools from used goods.