Electron Source Research Articles

ركوب جيرودو ولبس توبينج في عادات الزفاف بـــ جمبي في ضوء أحاديث التصوير

The interaction and exchange between local culture and Islamic culture dominate in influencing the social system. This research aims to explore the perspective of Hadith on the Gerudo and Topeng celebrations in Jambi. This research relies on an analytical descriptive method based on collecting library data from various paper and electronic sources and field data through observation and interviews. The researcher then used thematic methods in the takhrīj of hadith, involving the search for hadiths based on sentences related to the topic. In analyzing hadith texts, the researcher has employed a contextual method with comparison approach and has compared them with the opinions of ‘ulamā’ who are both supportive and critical of these approaches. The key finding of this research is that the taṣwīr prohibited by the Prophet Muhammad refers to taṣwīr that contains an 'illah or reason for its prohibition. This prohibition applies to taṣwīr used as a rival to Allah's creation, for worship, or due to elements in its form that contradict Islam. Therefore, Gerudo and Topeng are not considered prohibited taṣwīr because current practices no longer embody the reasons for their prohibition.

Vulnerability and Dependence in Slavery and Post-Slavery Societies: A Historicisation of the Enslaved Children (Pon Pekpen) from the Bamum Kingdom (West Cameroon)

This article is a reflection on the history of enslaved children (Pon pekpen) in African slavery and post-slavery societies, such as the Bamum Kingdom. This traditional monarchy of the Grassfields of Cameroon, founded in 1394 by Nchare Yen, was one of the largest providers of captives transported to the Atlantic coast and used locally to meet the needs of traditional slavery. In this kingdom, slaves and their descendants, as well as enslaved peoples, represented nearly 80% of the total population. The trade of captives and servile practices left indelible traces, particularly where enslaved children were concerned. So, what did enslaved children represent in African slavery and post-slavery societies, such as the Bamum Kingdom? The aim of this study is to show that the enslaved children were the most vulnerable and dependent members of slavery and post-slavery systems. This study is based on oral, archival iconographic, written and electronic sources, using theories of social dominance and subaltern studies. It clearly shows that the vulnerability and dependence of enslaved children (Pon pekpen) made them special, weak and hopeful links in the slavery system and the persistence of slavery practices. They were mainly victims of traditional slavery and of the trans-Saharan and transatlantic slave trades. Despite the formal abolition of the slave trade and slavery between the 19th and 20th centuries, enslaved children and the descendants of enslaved people continue to be victims of a kind of subalternisation because they are usually considered second-class citizens.

Resilience in inter-organizational networks of red buses: dealing with their daily disruptions in critical infrastructures

This research aims to determine how the inter-organizational (supply) system that serves and oversees the critical infrastructures might lessen the negative effects of routine interruptions. Furthermore, this research aims to gain insight into the types of disruptions that Red Buses experience and their strategies to manage them. The subject matter of this discourse pertains to the domains of science, numbers, and statistics. This research employs a quantitative research methodology to examine the effects of routine disruptions on inter-organizational systems and to evaluate the corresponding hypotheses. The individuals involved in this investigation work and operate the Red Bus Service in Karachi. By random sampling, a sample of 152 workers and drivers was selected from the Red Bus Service in Karachi. Data was collected from both electronic and non-electronic sources. Data was collected using Google Forms distributed via various internet channels such as WhatsApp and email addresses. Data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM); we used SmartPLS 4 software for that. The finding shows that disturbance co-occurrence has a negative relationship with CI resilience to focal disruption, a positive relationship with non-routineness, and a negative relationship with economic performance.

Fabrication and Characterization of Field Emission Electron Source Based on Deploying Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Micro Dine Point Capillary Tubes

Fabrication and Characterization of Field Emission Electron Source Based on Deploying Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Micro Dine Point Capillary Tubes

Nanoscale heterojunctions of InGaN/GaN photocathodes for electron sources

The design of the photocathode is crucial for generating high-quality electron beam in electron sources. In this study, InGaN/GaN heterojunction nanowire photocathodes were proposed, and the photoemission theoretical model was developed. The results demonstrate that the built-in electric field along the axis enables the heterojunction nanowire photocathode to achieve higher collection efficiency across the response spectrum compared to In0.5Ga0.5N nanowire photocathodes. The variation of incidence angle results in distinct peaks in quantum efficiency and collection efficiency for the heterojunction nanowire photocathode. Meanwhile, the “additional electric field” has the potential to decrease the number of laterally emitted electrons from the nanowires, consequently reducing the shielding effect of adjacent nanowires. With an incidence angle of 15° and an “additional electric field” of 2 V/μm, the collection efficiency of photoelectrons at the collection end can be maximized to 47.6 %. This indicates that the heterojunction nanowire array photocathode has potential for use in high-performance vacuum electron sources.

Use of the Sentinel System to Examine Medical Product Use and Outcomes During Pregnancy.

While many pregnant individuals use prescription medications, evidence supporting product safety during pregnancy is often inadequate. Existing electronic healthcare data sources provide large, diverse samples of health plan members to allow for the study of medical product utilization during pregnancy, as well as pregnancy, maternal, and infant outcomes. The Sentinel System is a national medical product surveillance system that includes administrative claims and electronic health record databases from large national and regional health insurers. In addition to these data sources, Sentinel develops and maintains a sizeable selection of analytic tools to facilitate epidemiologic analyses in a way that protects patient privacy and health system autonomy. In this article, we provide an overview of Sentinel System infrastructure, including the Mother-Infant Linkage Table, parameterizable analytic tools, and algorithms to estimate gestational age and identify pregnancy outcomes. We also describe past and future Sentinel work that contributes to our understanding of the way medical products are used and the safety of these products during pregnancy.

Data Flow Construction and Quality Evaluation of Electronic Source Data in Clinical Trials: Pilot Study Based on Hospital Electronic Medical Records in China.

The traditional clinical trial data collection process requires a clinical research coordinator who is authorized by the investigators to read from the hospital's electronic medical record. Using electronic source data opens a new path to extract patients' data from electronic health records (EHRs) and transfer them directly to an electronic data capture (EDC) system; this method is often referred to as eSource. eSource technology in a clinical trial data flow can improve data quality without compromising timeliness. At the same time, improved data collection efficiency reduces clinical trial costs. This study aims to explore how to extract clinical trial-related data from hospital EHR systems, transform the data into a format required by the EDC system, and transfer it into sponsors' environments, and to evaluate the transferred data sets to validate the availability, completeness, and accuracy of building an eSource dataflow. A prospective clinical trial study registered on the Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Disclosure Platform was selected, and the following data modules were extracted from the structured data of 4 case report forms: demographics, vital signs, local laboratory data, and concomitant medications. The extracted data was mapped and transformed, deidentified, and transferred to the sponsor's environment. Data validation was performed based on availability, completeness, and accuracy. In a secure and controlled data environment, clinical trial data was successfully transferred from a hospital EHR to the sponsor's environment with 100% transcriptional accuracy, but the availability and completeness of the data could be improved. Data availability was low due to some required fields in the EDC system not being available directly in the EHR. Some data is also still in an unstructured or paper-based format. The top-level design of the eSource technology and the construction of hospital electronic data standards should help lay a foundation for a full electronic data flow from EHRs to EDC systems in the future.

Improvement of the thermionic emission properties of C12A7 electride

Calcium aluminate electride (named as C12A7) has become an active topic as a material for electron emission in the research field of electron sources, especially for electric propulsion, in recent years. Whereas the initially predicted, extremely low work function of 0.6 eV could not be confirmed experimentally at technically relevant surface current densities, the material remains an attractive emitter. Besides C12A7 emitting electrons at lower temperatures compared to LaB6, it appears to be resistant to poisoning and even iodine compatible as only known low work function material. On the other hand, the ceramic electride nature of the emitter introduces challenges related to the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. Therefore, C12A7 has been investigated experimentally as a candidate material for thermionic emitters in space applications. The aim of this study was to enhance the thermionic emission by material modifications such as surface treatments, electrical contacting methods and doping of the C12A7. The performance improvement was quantified in a thermionic diode configuration, in which the emission current was determined as a function of temperature over multiple heating cycles to observe time dependent effects. The surface treatment such as grinding or polishing affects the emission properties of the C12A7 negatively. In contrary, the doping of the C12A7 lattice as well as the contacting of the back side (heater side) significantly improved the emission as well as the measured current density.

Conditional essentiality of the 11-subunit complex I-like enzyme in strict anaerobes: the case of Desulfitobacterium hafniense strain DCB-2.

In oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory complex I serves as an entry point in the electron transport chain for electrons generated in catabolic processes in the form of NADH. An ancestral version of the complex, lacking the NADH-oxidising module, is encoded in a significant number of bacterial genomes. Amongst them is Desulfitobacterium hafniense, a strict anaerobe capable of conserving energy via organohalide respiration. This study investigates the role of the complex I-like enzyme in D. hafniense energy metabolism using rotenone as a specific complex I inhibitor under different growth conditions. The investigation revealed that the complex I-like enzyme was essential for growth with lactate and pyruvate but not in conditions involving H2 as an electron donor. In addition, a previously published proteomic dataset of strain DCB-2 was analysed to reveal the predominance of the complex under different growth conditions and to identify potential redox partners. This approach revealed seven candidates with expression patterns similar to Nuo homologues, suggesting the use of diverse electron sources. Based on these results, we propose a model where the complex I-like enzyme serves as an electron entry point into the respiratory chain for substrates delivering electrons within the cytoplasm, such as lactate or pyruvate, with ferredoxins shuttling electrons to the complex.

Emission characteristics of a forevacuum plasma-cathode source of wide-aperture pulsed electron beam with layer (mesh) stabilization of emission plasma

Research of emission characteristics of a pulsed forevacuum plasma electron source with layer (mesh) stabilization of emission plasma boundary has been carried out. Generation of a pulsed wide-aperture electron beam is provided by DC accelerating voltage (1–10 kV) and pulse-periodic formation of emission plasma by a cathodic arc with current 5–80 A, pulse duration 500–600 μs. Pressure (4–30 Pa) and the type of working gas (N2, O2, Ar, He, Kr) significantly influence on the emission characteristics of the forevacuum plasma electron source. An increase in the gas pressure and the use of gas with larger ionization cross-section provide an increase in the electron emission current. At low pressure (below a certain threshold value, which determined by the type of gas) an increase in the discharge current leads to an increase in the efficiency of electron emission. But at pressures more than the threshold value the emission efficiency decreases as the discharge current increases. The influence of pressure and type of gas on the emission characteristics are caused by the ion flux from the beam plasma which is formed due to ionization of gas by accelerated beam's electrons.

Enhancing Patient Communication Through Health Professionals’ Digital Literacy

Digital health literacy has been defined as the ‘ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply the knowledge gained to address or solve a health problem’ (Norman and Skinner, 2006). Health literacy and digital health literacy are essential in order to reach universal health coverage and to reform the processes of the healthcare systems (WHO, 2018). Healthcare professionals need to treat patients in a continuous evolving structure (WHO, 2013). The research question that guided the paper is ‘How can Romanian health professionals’ digital health literacy be used to improve communication with their patients?’. The aim of the study is to explore Romanian health professionals’ level of digital literacy, to identify how it can improve the communication with the patients. 20 interviews with resident and senior medical doctors, medical students and nurses were conducted. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and then stored as Word documents in a password-secured environment. From the data gathered in the interviews four major themes emerged: (a) digital health literacy; (b) communication with the patients; (c) improvements for the National Health Strategy 2014-2020; (d) time as a barrier in communication. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis through the MAXQDA2018 software.

Evidence of autotrophic direct electron transfer denitrification (DETD) by Thiobacillus species enriched on biocathodes during deep polishing of effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Cathodes can play a pivotal role as electron donors for denitrification in wastewater treatment plants, facilitating the removal of nitrogen-containing compounds such as nitrate. Denitrifying bacteria can either accept electrons directly from the electrode or indirectly via electron shuttling intermediaries generated at the cathode. In this study, comparative analyses were conducted between two denitrifying electrochemical reactors with biocathodes poised at different potentials, one that generated H2 through water electrolysis and one that did not (−500 mV and −800 mV vs. SHE). Nitrogen removal efficiencies were much higher in the −500 mV (vs. SHE) system, >93 % compared to only 20 %. Notably, a biofilm formed exclusively on the −500 mV (vs. SHE) cathode, predominantly composed of Thiobacillus species, with the majority most similar to Thiobacillus strain 65-29. Metatranscriptomics showed that genes from Thiobacillus strain 65-29 encoding outer surface c-type cytochrome and porin proteins that could facilitate direct electron uptake, were markedly up-regulated in the −500 mV (vs. SHE) reactor. Reduced sulfur species generated by the cathode and sulfate reducing bacteria might have also provided a source of electrons for nitrate reduction. In fact, Thiobacillus in the −500 mV (vs. SHE) system exhibited elevated expression of genes involved in thiosulfate (soxABXYZ), sulfite (soeABC), and sulfide (fccAB) oxidation. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of autotrophic denitrification by Thiobacillus in mixed culture systems and provide practical guidance for engineering applications.

X-ray optics for the cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser.

A cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser (CBXFEL) is a possible future direction in the development of fully coherent X-ray sources. CBXFELs consist of a low-emittance electron source, a magnet system with several undulators and chicanes, and an X-ray cavity. The X-ray cavity stores and circulates X-ray pulses for repeated FEL interactions with electron pulses until the FEL reaches saturation. CBXFEL cavities require low-loss wavefront-preserving optical components: near-100%-reflectivity X-ray diamond Bragg-reflecting crystals, outcoupling devices such as thin diamond membranes or X-ray gratings, and aberration-free focusing elements. In the framework of the collaborative CBXFEL research and development project of Argonne National Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and SPring-8, we report here the design, manufacturing and characterization of X-ray optical components for the CBXFEL cavity, which include high-reflectivity diamond crystal mirrors, a diamond drumhead crystal with thin membranes, beryllium refractive lenses and channel-cut Si monochromators. All the designed optical components have been fully characterized at the Advanced Photon Source to demonstrate their suitability for the CBXFEL cavity application.

Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Desa Saentis Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang

The implementation of road infrastructure development is very important to be realized and is the most basic means that aims to support the smoothness, distribution of goods, and human transportation networks. Community welfare can be seen from the physical condition of an area about the facilities provided by the government. This research uses the literature study method, which means that this research is carried out by collecting, evaluating, and analyzing information from various library sources, such as books, journals, articles, and other documents. The process begins with identifying the topic or research question you want answered. Then, researchers conduct literature searches using databases, libraries, or other electronic sources to find relevant sources. Once relevant sources are identified, researchers carefully and critically read each source to understand its contents Information that.

Dependence of Ultrafast Electron Emission Characteristics of Graphene Cold Cathode on Femtosecond Photoexcitation Polarization Angle.

Ultrafast electron pulses, generated through femtosecond photoexcitation in nanocathode materials, introduce high-frequency characteristics and ultrahigh temporal-spatial resolution to vacuum micro-nano electronic devices. To advance the development of ultrafast electron sources sensitive to polarized light, we propose an ultrafast pulsed electron source based on a vertical few-layer graphene cold cathode. This source exhibits selective electron emission properties for varying polarization angles, with high switching ratios of 277 (at 0°) and 235 (at 90°). The electron emission of the graphene evolves from cosine to sine as the polarization angle increases from 0° to 90°. The variation of electron emission current with polarization angle is intrinsically related to light absorption, local field enhancement, and photothermal conversion efficiency. A physical mechanism model and semiempirical expression were presented to reveal the MPP and PTE mechanisms at different polarization angles. This tunable conversion between mechanisms indicates potential applications in tunable ultrafast optoelectronic devices.

Emission surface improvement of In0.5Ga0.5N tilted nanowire array photocathode for vacuum electron sources

Photocathode has received increasing attention in scientific devices that require high-quality electron beams. A theoretical photoemission model for enhancing the performance of In0.5Ga0.5N tilted nanowire array photocathodes with negative electron affinity surface is proposed. Finite Element and finite difference methods are employed in simulation experiments to study the In0.5Ga0.5N tilted nanowire array photocathode. The results demonstrate that the photoelectric conversion performance of the In0.5Ga0.5N tilted nanowire array photocathode can be significantly enhanced through the combined impact of oblique incident light and an additional electric field. Specifically, when θ = 20°, β = −40°, and Eout = 4 V/μm, the total quantum efficiency and collection efficiency are 2.79 times and 4.27 times higher than compared to vertical nanowires without external assistance, respectively.

The Association Between the Location of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and the Occurrence of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a syndrome characterized by transient regional cardiac dysfunction of the left ventricle. The goal of this review is to better understand the relationship between the anatomic locations of subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) and the development of TCM as identified through a review of cohort studies. From inception to December 2023, we systematically explored major electronic medical information sources to identify cases of TCM that developed after SAHs. The six selected studies included in the meta-analysis suggest a modest but statistically significant increase in the odds of the events in the posterior circulation group compared to the anterior circulation group, with a combined odds ratio (OR) estimate of around 1.45-1.46. The fixed effect model gives an overall OR of 1.45 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.01 to 2.10, z = 2.01, p = 0.0442, while the random effects model yields a slightly higher OR of 1.46 with the same 95% CI, z = 2.03, p = 0.0425. There is a tendency for SAH occurrence in the posterior cerebral circulation to cause SAH-related TCM more frequently than in the anterior cerebral circulation.

Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Islam dalam Kurikulum PAI

The aim of this research is to develop and evaluate an integrative PAI curriculum, which combines Islamic values ​​in depth with innovative and interactive learning methods, to prepare students well to face the modern world without sacrificing Islamic values ​​and principles. The research uses a literature study approach to analyze literature and documents related to the integration of Islamic values ​​in the PAI curriculum, with a focus on academic literature, policy documents, and electronic sources such as Google Scholar and institutional repositories. Content and comparative analysis are used to explore various approaches and practices in the implementation of Islamic values ​​in Islamic religious education, to develop a comprehensive understanding of their impact globally. The research results show that the integration of Islamic values ​​in the PAI curriculum in Indonesia faces challenges in the form of a lack of teacher authority in implementing changes, a curriculum that is too theoretical, and an inability to adapt to current developments. Research highlights the importance of a PAI curriculum that is more adaptive and responsive to social and technological needs, with a focus on developing competencies that include knowledge, skills and moral attitudes according to Islamic teachings. Efforts to improve teacher training and curriculum flexibility are expected to increase the effectiveness of PAI education in forming character and overcoming the challenges of developing times.

Methanol as a co-substrate with CO2 enhances butyrate production in microbial electrosynthesis

Methanol is a promising feedstock for the bio-based economy as it can be derived from organic waste streams or produced electrochemically from CO2. Acetate production from CO2 in microbial electrosynthesis (MES) has been widely studied, while more valuable compounds such as butyrate are currently attracting attention. In this study, methanol was used as a co-substrate with CO2 to enhance butyrate production in MES. Feeding with CO2 and methanol resulted in the highest butyrate production rates and titres of 0.36 ± 0.01 g L−1 d−1 and 8.6 ± 0.2 g L−1, respectively, outperforming reactors with only CO2 feeding (0.20 ± 0.03 g L−1 d−1 and 5.2 ± 0.1 g L−1, respectively). Methanol acted as electron donor and as carbon source, both of which contributed ca. 50% of the carbon in the products. Eubacterium was the dominant genus with 52.6 ± 2.5% relative abundance. Thus, we demonstrate attractive route for the use of the C1 substrates, CO2 and methanol, to produce mainly butyrate.Key points• Butyrate was the main product from methanol and CO2in MES• Methanol acted as both carbon and electron source in MES• Eubacterium dominating microbial culture was enriched in MESGraphical

Effectiveness of remote risk-based monitoring and potential benefits for combination with direct data capture

BackgroundIn recent years, alternative monitoring approaches, such as risk-based and remote monitoring techniques, have been recommended instead of traditional on-site monitoring to achieve more efficient monitoring. Remote risk-based monitoring (R2BM) is a monitoring technique that combines risk-based and remote monitoring and focuses on the detection of critical data and process errors. Direct data capture (DDC), which directly collects electronic source data, can facilitate R2BM by minimizing the extent of source documents that must be reviewed and reducing the additional workload on R2BM. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of R2BM and the synergistic effect of combining R2BM with DDC.MethodsR2BM was prospectively conducted with eight participants in a randomized clinical trial using a remote monitoring system that uploaded photographs of source documents to a cloud location. Critical data and processes were verified by R2BM, and later, all were confirmed by on-site monitoring to evaluate the ability of R2BM to detect critical data and process errors and the workload of uploading photographs for clinical trial staff. In addition, the reduction of the number of uploaded photographs was evaluated by assuming that the DDC was introduced for data collection.ResultsOf the 4645 data points, 20.9% (n = 973, 95% confidence interval = 19.8–22.2) were identified as critical. All critical data errors corresponding to 5.4% (n = 53/973, 95% confidence interval = 4.1–7.1) of the critical data and critical process errors were detectable by R2BM. The mean number of uploaded photographs and the mean time to upload them per visit per participant were 34.4 ± 11.9 and 26.5 ± 11.8 min (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. When assuming that DDC was introduced for data collection, 45.0% (95% confidence interval = 42.2–47.9) of uploaded photographs for R2BM were reduced.ConclusionsR2BM can detect 100% of the critical data and process errors without on-site monitoring. Combining R2BM with DDC reduces the workload of R2BM and further improves its efficiency.