Source Of Statistical Information Research Articles

THE COUNTRIES OF WESTERN ASIA IN THE PROCESSES OF INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION: FEATURES OF THE XXI CENTURY

The countries of Western Asia simultaneously act as centers of attraction in the processes of international labor migration, and countries, which let their citizens travel abroad to find work (are labor migrants). We analyze the situation in the field of international labor migration in 14 countries of Western Asia, excluding the former republics of the USSR, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, which are now included by international organizations in the group of countries in the region. The situation in the field of labor migration in the region is being updated in connection, firstly, with the growth of the economies of the countries of the Cooperation Council of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC) and, in general, some stabilization of the socio-economic and political situation in the West Asian region, secondly, with the trends to overcome the restrictions that took place due to the spread of coronavirus infection in the world and in the region, and, thirdly, with the region's attempts to transform the national economy and implement new advanced industries and productions based on innovation and digitalization. It is important to study the experience of the GCC countries in the field of labor migration in order to increase the efficiency and reduce the costs of MMRS in the Russian Federation. The article attempts to analyze the situation in the field of international labor migration in Western Asia, and primarily in the GCC, which actively accept labor from other states of the region and non-regional powers. The author concludes that the region will retain its role as a receiving center for foreign labor in the future on the basis of an adequate policy of the recipient countries. The geography of the countries of origin of immigrants also generally remains unchanged. The research period covers 2000–2022. The author used traditional methods of economic analysis to conduct the research. The sources of statistical information were data from international databases, primarily UNCTAD, as well as regional reports of international organizations.

ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ ЭНТЕРОБИОЗОМ ВСЕГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РОСИИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ЗА ПЕРИОД С 2009 ПО 2022 ГГ.

The article presents an analysis of statistical data on the incidence of the most common parasitic disease in the Russian Federation - enterobiasis. The source of statistical information was data from the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (EMISS), taken from 2009 to 2022. Information and Statistical System (EMISS), taken from 2009 to 2022. According to the results of the study, a trend towards a decrease in the incidence of enterobiasis is clearly visible. A sharp decline in incidence by 40 % was recorded in 2020, which may be due to quarantine measures of the new coronavirus infection Covid-19. The highest incidence was recorded in 2009 and amounted to 187.84 people per 100 000 population. A number of other more extensive studies of the impact of Covid-19 on the growth or decline of other infectious and parasitic diseases are needed. Key words: enterobiosis, epidemiology, Enterobius vermicularis, Covid-19.

Graduate labour market outcomes and satisfaction with university education in Spain.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the association between the job placement results of graduates and the satisfaction that, retrospectively, they express about their university education. Despite the fact that, in Spain, 47.0% of the population aged 25 to 34 has a higher education degree, we have little knowledge of the determinants of university student satisfaction. In addition, most studies have focused on evaluating the university experience (teaching activity, study plans, counselling for students, or facilities) and very few of them have taken into account the influence of graduates’ labour market outcomes on their satisfaction. This issue is of particular interest in the Spanish case, considering the dysfunctional nature of the youth labor market, which has high rates of overqualification, excessive job turnover and high unemployment. The sources of statistical information used in this work include the first two editions of the "University Graduate Job Placement Survey", carried out by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE) in 2014 and 2019. The methodology used in the empirical work is the propensity score matching estimator. The results of empirical analysis indicate that graduates’ job placement difficulties have a significant association with their dissatisfaction with their university experience. In particular, educational mismatch (horizontal and vertical) and, to a lesser extent, unemployment and low wages significantly increase the probability of graduates stating that, if they had to start over, they would not return to university or they would not study the same degree.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТРУДОВЫХ РЕСУРСОВ: ДЕФИЦИТ, СДВИГИ В СТРУКТУРЕ, ПАРАДОКСЫ СТАРЕНИЯ

The subject of the study is the state and trends in the structure and number of labor resources in modern Russia. The paper aims to analyze the main trends in the development of labor resources based on an assessment of their reproduction and taking into account global trends. The relevance of the study is due to the growing importance of studying the structure and dynamics of the number of labor resources and the urgent need to change methodological approaches to the organization of statistical observations in this area. The scientific novelty consists in the proven eclecticism of the existing accounting system, which in some cases leads to distortion of the results of labor force surveys; the reasoning is based on a generalization of various sources of statistical information that formed the empirical basis of the study. The system classification of various categories of the population proposed by the authors as the basis of labor resources can become the basis for updating the methodology for conducting such surveys. The authors use the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, systematization, and modeling. In the course of the study, the authors obtained the following results. Promising strategic directions for regulating labor resources have been outlined to support positive transformations in the labor market. The study revealed the contradiction between the need to expand the country's labor resources at the expense of older people who retain their ability to work, and the lack of conditions for the use of their labor. The study shows that it is necessary to consider the impact of such a significant and so far little taken into account factor as the coronavirus pandemic on labor resources. The authors substantiate the most pressing problems of the formation and use of labor resources in modern Russia. It is argued that there has been a decrease in the importance of the indicator of labor resources in the analysis and forecasting of economic development, it is difficult to track its structure and dynamics, to identify sources of growth. The reduction in the number and deterioration of the qualitative structure of labor resources occurs against the background of an increase in the economically inactive part of the population. There is a growing discrepancy between the professional and qualification structure of labor resources and the new needs of the labor market. There is a growing threat of underutilization of the available labor force with a constant shortage of personnel. The study showed that one of the most acute problems of the Russian labor market is the aging of labor resources. The necessity of returning the category and indicator of labor resources to a full-fledged high role in ensuring the development of the modern economy is proved. The dominant directions of prospective studies of labor resources are determined. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to make changes to the methodology and tools of statistical surveys of the labor resources, aimed, among other things, at providing statistical opportunities for accounting and analyzing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the structure and dynamics of the labor resources.

Обзоры областей центральноазиатских окраин Российской империи как источник информации о населении конца XIX — начала XX в. (на примере Акмолинской области)

The aim of the article is to study the regions reviews as a source of statistical information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the population of the Central Asian national periphery of the Russian Empire. The chronological framework of the work covers the period 1870-1914. The main source of information for the study was the portal of the Electronic Library of the State Public Historical Library of Russia, which provides open access to a large collection of digitized versions of reviews of provinces and regions of the Russian Empire. The dynamics of the reviews is considered on the materials of the Akmola region — one of the brightest representatives of the studied macroregion. The article analyzes the structure of reviews and the place in it of population sections, determines the presence and content of tabular statistical material, examines sets of indicators characterizing the population size and its distribution by sex, types of settlement, density, estates, religions, nationalities, as well as indicators of population movement. Conclusions are made about the significant and nonlinear evolution of the surveys of the Akmola region in terms of population information, about the possibilities of using this source in the reconstruction of the socio-demographic picture of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.

Current trends in the development of small businesses in Ukrainian agriculture

Purpose of the research. The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of small agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and identify the main obstacles to their development. Methodology. The following methods were used in the research process: generalization and comparative analysis. The authors used sources of statistical information and analytical reviews. The list of them is given in the list of references. Results. The article analyzes the main indicators that characterize the efficiency of small business in Ukraine. The role of small enterprises in the economy of developed countries is studied. It is noted that the impact of small business performance on gross domestic product (GDP) dynamics is different and depends on many factors – both historical and other, related, for example, to the structure of the economy, the culture of entrepreneurship. It is indicated that with the independence of our country, small business has developed rapidly, its share in the total number of businesses has grown. The main indicators that characterize the activity of small enterprises in agriculture of Ukraine are analyzed. The results of the study show a positive trend towards increasing the profitability of small businesses operating in agriculture in Ukraine. Practical meaning. The main obstacles to the development of small business in Ukraine have been identified. These include: low efficiency of legal regulation of economic relations, high levels of corruption and raiding. The authors notes that the acceleration of positive trends in small business development is possible provided that the level of favorable business environment in Ukraine is increased. Prospects for further research may be a mechanism for reconciling the interests of the subjects of the process of small business social responsibility.

Економічна діагностика трендів макроекономічної ситуації Китаю та Індії

Abstract. Introduction. Nowadays the world is on the cusp of major changes. The eastern market is becoming much more popular, important and powerful for the international community. India and China are already openly fighting for world domination through the dynamic growth of their own economic and military potential. It should be noted that, it was important for a detailed analysis of the economies of these eastern countries not only to process statistics, but also to take into account traditions and culture. Purpose. The main idea of this article is to understand clearly the aspects of further development of the world economy and to identify economic risks and trends, analyzing the following macroeconomic indicators of eastern giants’ countries. Results. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of GDP’s changes over the past 5 years was conducted and once again emphasized the power of these national economics that has only grown in recent decades. The importance of initiatives and innovations, creating by the eastern neighbors for the world community, was highlighted through a determination of the role of India and China in the integration international associations and study of the attracted investments. The interdependence of the world’s market and the eastern market of India and China was considered, a detailed breakdown of exports and imports of goods and services was carried out and that gives us the opportunity to identify the most important and most powerful groups of goods for today. Conclusions. The study identified similar aspects of the development of emerging economies such as India and China, which were supported by reports from objective sources of statistical information. Determining the macroeconomic situation of the next national economies allowed us to explain how the COVID-19 pandemic changed the action plan of the studied countries, to find weaknesses of strong enough economies, and also to make certain predictions about the future world market.

CEMENT MARKET IN UKRAINE

Background. The building materials industry includes the production of cement, bricks and other materials. The state of the cement market is of particular interest. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that in order to generalize and specify the situation on the Ukrainian cement market, it is necessary to analyse statistics on production, consumption and export-import operations with cement. The aim of the article is to establish trends in the development of production, con­sumption, export and import operations with cement in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The work used general scientific and special methods of analysis, as well as publicly available sources of statistical information. Results. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, over the past five years there has been an increase in production of all types of cement in quantitative equi­valent by almost 13.4 %, refractory cements – by 57.1 %, and alumina cement, clinker-free slag cement and hydraulic cements – 1.8 times. During 2016–2020, there was a tendency to increase wholesale prices for M-400 cement. During this period, the price increased 1.6 times and is mainly due to higher prices for raw materials. The difference in retail prices for cement in the largest retail chains in Ukraine is 25 %, which is a significant fluctuation. The analysis of the dynamics of cement exports from Ukraine during 2015–2020 showed a tendency to increase its volumes by more than 2 times. If we compare the volumes of imports and exports of cement, in 2020 the volumes of cement imports exceeded the volumes of exports by 33.8 % in monetary terms. The largest volumes of cement in 2020 were imported to Ukraine from Turkey – 91 % of all deliveries, from Poland, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Germany – 2 % each, and from other countries only 1 %. During 2015–2020, the largest share in the structure of domestic cement exports abroad belonged to Romania, having increased almost 5 times in 2017–2020. In second place amongimporting countries there are Hungary and the Republic of Moldova. Conclusion. In recent years, the cement market in Ukraine is gradually deve­loping. The analysis of development trends showed that its main producers are several large groups – private joint-stock companies, which produce 99.8 % of the total volume of these products. Studies have shown that during 2014–2020 there was a slight increase in pro­duction and consumption of all types of cement in Ukraine. Monitoring of cement prices showed that during 2016–2020 there was an increase in wholesale prices for M-400 cement: in four years they increased by more than 60 %. There is a significant difference in retail prices of cement in the seven largest retail chains in Ukraine at 25 %. Analysis of the dynamics of cement exports from Ukraine in 2015–2020 showed that they more than doubled, but imports of this product in 2020 exceeded exports by 33.8 % in monetary terms.

Regional Economic Development in The Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Economic Crisis

It is important to analyze the manifestations of the crisis at the regional level, which allows both regional (local) and national authorities to develop effective support tools. From this point of view, it is important to clearly understand which aspects of economic development the crisis has a key impact on, and whether such impact is uniform across different sectors and areas of economic development. Much attention is paid to the problem of assessing the state of the business environment. However, the main disadvantage of most of them is that they are sometimes difficult to conduct in terms of operational analysis and availability of open data. The object of research is the processes of studying the state of the region's economy. The subject of the research is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the current economic crisis on the region's economies. In the process of scientific research, we solved such tasks: identification of key problematic factors in relation to regional economic development, including caused by pandemic and lockdown; reliable, freely available and up-to-date sources of statistical information on regional economic development are identified; a comprehensive method of generalizing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic crisis on regional economic development. We proposed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the current economic crisis on the economic development of the regions of Ukraine on the example of Sumy region. The analysis is based on open data from static authorities, which periodically publish monthly and quarterly information. The study confirmed the serious negative impact of lockdown and pandemic on the economic development of the region in a number of key indicators: the index of industrial production, the volume of industrial products sold, freight turnover and passenger turnover. At the same time, we observe a generally neutral impact of the crisis on such regional indicators of economic development as the volume of commodity export and import transactions and the stability of retail trade.

ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ СТРУКТУРИ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО БАЛАНСУ УКРАЇНИ: ПИТОМА ВАГА ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ

Strategic importance in the formation of national security is the development of a model of efficient use of resources. Energy security and independence of the country is formed due to economically sound and optimized fuel and energy policy, which is aimed at environmentally safe and economically acceptable needs of the population and the state as a whole. The instability of fossil fuel pricing policy, as well as political inconsistencies between neighboring countries (Belarus, Russia) lead to a more careful approach to the formation and optimization of the structure of Ukraine's energy balance. Given the recent trends of carbon-neutral development of the national economy, the country has chosen the vector of transformation of the energy system by increasing the share in the structure of the energy balance of renewable energy sources and improving the energy efficiency of the national economy. There is a need to develop an effective plan for the transition of the energy system to energy-independent energy sources, taking into account key aspects of the recently adopted European Green Agreement. At the same time, the main goal remains to reduce the negative burden on the environment through sustainable development of the country, to prevent global warming. The aim of the article is to forecast the dynamics of the structure of Ukraine's energy balance by 2035 by types of renewable energy sources. To achieve this goal, the tools of scenario forecasting of the Brown model were used in the work. The object of the study is the energy balance of Ukraine in the period from 2000 to 2020. The sources of statistical information were the statistical databases of the World Bank and Ukrstat. The results of scenario forecasting by types of renewable energy sources helped to draw a conclusion about the prospects for the development of renewable energy in the structure of Ukraine's energy balance. Taking into account the results of the study, a number of recommendations were made to optimize the structure of Ukraine's energy balance through renewable energy sources and certain institutional, investment and policy measures.

КОНВЕРГЕНЦІЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ПОЛІТИК УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН ЄС

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of the need to form a new strategy for energy conservation and energy efficiency at the national level in Ukraine. It resulted from the imbalanced and asynchronized environmental, energy and economic policies. Furthermore, it is essential to develop effective mechanisms to improve the energy security of Ukraine and eliminate problems regarding the aggravation of environmental conflicts, significant levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gases growth. The main purpose of the research is to assess the convergence of energy efficiency policies in Ukraine and developed EU countries. To achieve the study goal, the investigation provides the main indicators of the World Energy Trilemma Index, which is classified into three main groups as follows: energy security, energy equity, environmental sustainability. The object of research is Ukraine and the developed EU countries such as Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Croatia. The choice of these EU countries is caused by their similar characteristic on transformation processes in the political sphere (refusal of the monopoly of Communist Party 1990–1992) and economic (transition from centralized management to market economy). In the frame of this study, the authors analyzed σ- and β-convergences for mentioned above countries. The period of investigation is 2000–2020. Sources of statistical information are the following statistical databases: World Bank, Eurostat and Ukrstat.org. The empirical calculations results highlighted that the introduction of mechanisms in reducing energy gaps could become an impelling force in synchronizing national energy policy with the strategic objectives of sustainable development. Therefore, the author emphasized the necessity to implement innovative, cost-effective energy technologies and develop new approaches to sustainable energy development on the national level. The obtained study results could be applied for solving the contradictions in the implementation of the Ukrainian energy policy.

The Decline Of The Middle Class In Jordan

Declining economic growth in Jordan, rising unemployment and the abolition of state support for certain segments of the population have led to a deterioration in the welfare of the middle class in Jordanian society. The importance of the middle class for the country is due to the fact that they act as a driving force in creating a market economy, as well as implement creative and intellectual work. The article considers the essential importance of the middle class and its role in building a democratic and legal state, as well as in ensuring a stable pace of economic development. The purpose of this article is to analyze the level of decline in the middle class in Jordanian society during 2010-2017. The following indicators were used to conduct this study: average annual income, double the national poverty line and the share of the population that receive an average of 60% of income. The source of statistical information was the data of the World Bank and the General Statistics Department of Jordan. The author of the article proposes to calculate a generalized indicator for the characteristics of the middle class in society – the average annual household income index. The study showed that during 2010-2017 there was a significant reduction in the size of the middle class in Jordan. The author suggests that such negative dynamics will persist in the coming years, especially given the decline in economic activity due to the coronavirus pandemic. It is proved that the inefficiency of state economic and social policy has led to an increase in the number of poor people, as well as rising unemployment in the country. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to adjust government programs to ensure the preservation of the middle class and enable it to realize its potential in stimulating economic growth, human capital development and supporting the development of civil society in Jordan.

Sustainable Agricultural Land Use for an Open Land Market: Prospects or Challenges?

The activities of state regulation in the field of land use have formed a number of environmental, socio-economic problems based on individual, regional and national interests. This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of the impact on sustainable agricultural land use, taking into account the new legislative challenges in lifting the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land resources. This study focuses on the implementation of sustainable development goals, including goal 15 – conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and operational task 15.3 – restoration of degraded lands and soils using innovative technologies. Systematization of research in the field of sustainable land use has revealed the need for additional analysis and search for new ways to reform the land use sector, taking into account institutional and legislative changes, as well as the formation of carbon-neutral model of national economy. The purpose of the article is to identify prospects and possible threats to the development of sustainable agricultural land use in an open land market. To achieve this goal, the tools of comparative analysis were used in the work. The object of research is the land fund of Ukraine. The study period is from 2015 to 2020. The sources of statistical information were the statistical databases of the statistical organization of the European Commission (Eurostat), the World Bank and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The paper presents the mechanisms of influence on effective sustainable agricultural land use, taking into account the studied statistical information and today's realities. The conducted comparative analysis of the condition of agricultural lands and systematization of normative legal acts regulating the land use industry revealed a number of potentially possible problems. To prevent negative consequences in the field of land use, the authors propose a set of measures to stabilize the sustainable development of agricultural land use.

СИСТЕМА КОРРЕЛЯЦИОННОГО АНАЛИЗА СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ О ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ КОРОНАВИРУСОМ

The article is devoted to conducting a study on the influence of various sociological, economic, environmental and other factors on the state of the incidence and spread of coronavirus in the world. The authors proposed a scheme for obtaining information from Internet resources with the possibility of conducting a correlation analysis of data on the causes, rates and scale of the pandemic, and the factors affecting its spread. The introduction shows the relevance of the topic, carried out a detailed analysis of Internet resources. The systematization of the data placed in them has been carried out, the necessary conclusions and conclusions have been drawn. The website coronavirus-monitor.ru was selected as a source of statistical information. As a toolkit, it is proposed to develop the Coronavirus Stat program, which is necessary to view statistical data on a PC offline and carry out calculations to test hypotheses about the influence of external factors on the spread and course of COVID-19. The authors considered in detail the methods of obtaining information from Internet sources, their advantages and disadvantages, the method of automatic search with the development of their own version of the parser was chosen. Requirements for the selection of factors for correlation analysis and testable hypotheses are formulated. Examples of testing hypotheses with the presentation of graphs of dependences of the number of cases on various factors and correlation fields are given. A detailed description of the developed program, consisting of the frontend part of the program, a parser for obtaining new information, a database for storing old information, files for storing static information, is carried out. Requirements for the parser are formulated, a block diagram of its algorithm is presented. The requirements taken into account in the development of the program are shown and examples of its work are given. Testing of the program was carried out by conducting experiments to test the hypotheses put forward. The results of the experiments are summarized in the table. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn on the further use of the developed program.

NATIONAL TRENDS IN MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES AND STROKES.

The aim: To determine national trends in morbidity and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, cerebrovascular diseases and strokes. Materials and methods: Data from official sources of statistical information of Ukraine were used and systematic analysis and generalization of the obtained data was performed and trends in morbidity and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, cerebrovascular diseases and strokes in Ukraine were calculated. Results: Were found tendencies to decrease of national levels of prevalence and primary morbidity in Ukraine for DCS (-16.3 % and -28.0 %), CVD (-22.8 % and 24.1 %) and strokes (-12.2 %) with significant trends (+83.9 %) of increase in primary incidence of strokes in 2010-2017 with fairly high and threatening levels for 2017 (respectively 22199563, 2521601 and 96978 - prevalence and 1725137, 290557 and 96978 - primary incidence). National levels of reduction of deaths from DCS in Ukraine from 440369 (2013) to 389348 (2019) with a trend of -11.6 % and a decrease in mortality due to CVD from 94267 (2013) to 76232 (2019) with a trend -19.1 % were found. Conclusions: The trends to reduce of national prevalence, primary morbidity and mortality rates in Ukraine for DCS, CVD and stroke are fully consistent with other global trends of reduction of these levels among world countries.

ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF INFORMATION TO SUPPORT A SET OF STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF THE BOOK PUBLISHING

Issues of supporting the book publishing as an economic activity by a set of statistical indicators are investigated. It is found out that the existing set of statistical indicators does not meet the needs of researchers and practitioners, which is the case of not only Ukraine, but the global book publishing area. The case of the Ukrainian book publishing is taken for analysis to identify core problems faced by this industry. It is emphasized that a comprehensive study of the book publishing industry and presentation of the statistical information with high level of quality and aggregation requires the involvement of new alternative sources of data, of which big data should be highlighted. The component of scientific novelty is that an updated system of statistical indicators is proposed for the first time, with eight modules of sources of statistical information as alternative ones: questionnaires, electronic books, digital libraries, websites of publishers and bookstores, electronic diaries of reading (Goodreads as an example), social networks (Instagram, Facebook, Telegram (open channels)), video hosts (YouTube being the most popular one), and blogs. It is stressed that all the modules of alternative data must be involved for obtaining reliable data, where output data will be processed anew and have direct and reverse links, which will require the use of neural networks with efferent type of links. This statistical support to the book publishing industry is an innovation designed to meet urgent needs of the public and official statistics.

Modelling of the еconomic growth factors: The case of the Ural regions and the Russian Federation

Current pandemic-induced downturn has made the problem of economic growth even more acute for the Ural regions of Russia. The national economy is stagnating and trans mits the same processes to the regional economies. The paper aims to identify the economic growth factors for eight Ural regions and for the national economy as a whole. The author mod els the functions of economic growth for regions that are part of both the Ural Federal District and the Ural macroregion, thereby consciously expanding the study for comparative analysis. Methodologically, the paper relies on the theory of economic growth and theory of produc tion (works of C. W. Cobb, P. H. Douglas, R. M. Solow). The author uses econometric tools and builds regressions for eight regions and the national economy, where the outcome variable is the growth rate of gross regional product. The independent variables include the growth rates of the following indicators: industrial production, employment, investments in fixed assets, cost of fixed assets, average per capita incomes, costs of technological innovations. The source of statistical information is Rosstat data covering the period 1995–2018. Based on the constructed functions, the researcher draws a number of conclusions. For the majority of the Ural regions, as well as for the Russian economy, the deciding and the most elastic factor is the growth rate of industrial production. Results among regions vary, but in total, the growth rate of average per capita incomes is the second most important factor. The increase in employment affects greatly the economic growth, especially in those regions that have seen a drastic decline in the labour force over the past decades. The costs of technological innovation do not demonstrate high elasticity. The author suggests that the reason is that their amount is extremely small. Even high growth rates of costs of technological innovation do not produce a visible result, since their level remains catastrophically low. The results of the study can be used in the regional and national socioeconomic development strategies, as well as serve a basis for further economic studies.

Governança e desempenho das universidades católicas à luz do Ranking Universitário Folha (RUF)

Este estudo analisa, longitudinalmente, o surgimento e estabelecimento das universidades católicas no Brasil e aborda seu desempenho em termos de qualidade, a partir dos resultados no Ranking Universitário Folha (RUF). Realizou-se pesquisa documental, levantamento históricobibliográfico e análise de indicadores de desempenho do RUF com critérios quali-quantitativos. Utilizaram-se fontes de informações estatísticas, além de estudo sobre a forma de constituição de sua estrutura de governança. A pesquisa revela a importância do papel desempenhado pelas universidades católicas no cenário da Educação Superior, em praticamente todo o território nacional, evidenciada a partir da análise histórica, dentro de suas limitações e características confessionais. O estudo demonstra que, em termos de qualidade, a boa performance não é homogênea, pois 23,5% das universidades católicas apresentam desempenho fraco, ocupando as últimas posições no ranking estudado; por outro lado, existe uma elite de excelência de sete universidades que integram as 70 melhores universidades do país.

Social Vulnerability, Gender and Disasters. The Case of Haiti in 2010

The study of vulnerability constitutes a central axis in research work on sustainability. Social vulnerability (SV) analyzes differences in human capacity to prepare, respond and recover from the impact of a natural hazard. Although disasters threaten all the people who suffer from them, they do not affect all members of society in the same way. Social and economic inequalities make certain groups more vulnerable. Factors such as age, sex, social class and ethnic identity increase vulnerability to a natural disaster. Ten years after the earthquake in Haiti in 2010, this work deepens the relationship between natural disasters, SV and gender, exploring the unequal distribution of the SV in the face of a seismic risk. The source of statistical information has been obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Multicriteria decision techniques (TOPSIS) and the differences in differences (DID) technique are used to analyze variations in gender inequality in SV as a result of the catastrophic event. The results obtained reinforce the idea of the negative impact of the disaster on the SV. Additionally, an intensification of the negative effects is observed when the household is headed by a woman, increasing the gap in SV between households headed by women and the rest of the households. The conclusions obtained show additional evidence of the negative effects caused by natural disasters on women, and important implications for disaster risk management are derived that should not be ignored.

El papel de la información económica como generador de conocimiento en el proceso de predicción: Comparaciones empíricas del crecimiento del PIB regional

La era actual y el desarrollo de internet han propiciado la accesibilidad a diferentes fuentes de información estadística. Disponemos de más datos cuantitativos, más información, aunque no siempre significan más conocimiento. El gran reto es convertir los datos disponibles en información y ésta en conocimiento. Una parcela interesante del conocimiento en economía es la que nos proporciona la posibilidad de ahondar en el ámbito de la predicción, favorecida por la disponibilidad de datos y de programas informáticos específicos. La principal magnitud que aún se sigue empleando para calificar la prosperidad económica de un país o área territorial es el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB). Su tasa de variación precisa ser interpretada correctamente para extraer conclusiones relevantes en la toma de decisiones económicas, en la generación y difusión de conocimiento. Revisamos los principales aspectos a considerar en el análisis de predicciones del PIB regional en España, con la finalidad de contribuir a esclarecer el interés por la combinación de predicciones alternativas o la apuesta por una predicción en particular por su mayor fiabilidad.