Sources Of Nutrition Information Research Articles

Awareness of the Food-Based Diet Guidelines, Eating Practices, and Preferred Sources of Nutrition Information of Employees in an Open University in the Philippines

Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are considered as major risk factors in the development of the “fatal four” Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) (WHO, 2018). As the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) adopts a sedentary work lifestyle with most of the employees spending long hours at the office sitting in front of a computer screen, the university must be able to promote health and wellness in the workplace, particularly healthy eating. Thus, the study aimed to determine UPOU employees’ awareness of the Food-based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs), adherence to the 2012 Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos (NGF), and preferred sources of information on healthy eating to provide insights for the development of nutrition interventions in the university. A total of 85 healthy employees aged 19-59 years old accomplished an online adapted survey from February to April 2019 which included questions on awareness of the four FBDGs--2012 NGF; Kumainments (simplified version of NGF); Daily Nutritional Guide Pyramid (DNGP); and Pinggang Pinoy (a plate-like pictorial model), eating practices relative to the 2012 NGF, and preferred sources of information on the FBDGs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results of the study showed that most of the respondents were not aware of the FBDGs. Among those who were aware, only a few have read the FBDGs. Adherence to the guidelines was also low as reflected by a very low percentage of respondents practicing the messages on the recommended frequency of intake of food groups. Results suggest conducting lectures or seminars and producing video materials about nutrition which can be uploaded in UPOU’s online repository of multimedia resources and social media sites to promote healthy eating practices among UPOU employees and ensure a healthy and sustainable workforce.

Hydration to Maximize Performance and Recovery: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Among Collegiate Track and Field Throwers.

Hydration plays an important role in performance, injury prevention, and recovery for athletes engaged in competitive sports. Therefore, it is important that strength and conditioning coaches understand an athlete’s hydration needs to prevent illness and enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to identify hydration knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of collegiate track and field throwers, as well as identify barriers to hydration and sources of nutritional information. The Rehydration and Refueling in Collegiate Track and Field Throwers Survey was sent to 271 track and field thrower coaches with a request to forward the email to current track and field throwers. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated regarding knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores among the participants in this sample. Differences among response patterns were assessed via Chi-square analysis. Alpha level was set at p = .05. Results demonstrated that 97.3% (n = 287) of respondents knew that dehydration would decrease performance, but 50.5% (n = 149) erroneously believed thirst was the best indicator of dehydration. Chi-square analysis demonstrated a significant difference in reported values between participants who intended to eat a performance-enhancing diet and those who consumed less fluid than recomended values (207 – 295 m)l in the 2-3 hours prior to competition (χ2 = 10.87, p < .05). Pearson correlation coefficients demonstrated a large association between knowledge and behavior (r = .70, p < .05), a medium association between knowledge and attitude (r = .41, p < .05), and a small association between attitude and behavior (r = .21, p < .05). This suggests that strength and conditioning coaches and health staff need to educate and monitor hydration behaviors among collegiate track and field throwers to optimize performance.

O18 Hispanic Caregivers’ Communication Preferences for Content, Delivery and Sources of Nutrition Education: Qualitative Findings

<h3>Background</h3> Nutrition education interventions to improve child healthy eating behaviors often rely on caregivers to support these behaviors at home, yet it is difficult to engage caregivers in interventions. <h3>Objective</h3> To explore communication preferences of low-income Hispanic female caregivers of preschoolers on preferred content and delivery of nutrition education to augment a child-focused classroom-based nutrition literacy program. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Qualitative interviews (n = 25) in Spanish with Hispanic female caregivers of 3- to 5-year-old children in Washington, D.C., area. Audio-recorded phone/Zoom interviews transcribed verbatim in Spanish and translated into English. Transcripts coded using NVivo v12. Two coders independently developed codebook (ICR = 89%), reconciled discrepancies with PI, and identified themes and subthemes within them between codes. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Caregivers' mean age was 35.5 ± 6.3, 72% had high school education or less, 64% were receiving the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits. Caregivers resided in the US 13.6±4.4 years, and 88% spoke Spanish only or Spanish better than English. <h3>Results</h3> Four themes were identified: Preferred Content of Nutrition Information (subthemes: Wanting to Know What Foods are Healthy for the Child, Desire to Learn Feeding Strategies for Vegetables), Delivery Methods (subthemes: Digital Messages: Videos, Texts, and Social Media; Printed Information; In-Person Nutrition Classes; Recipes), Educators as Sources of Nutrition Information, and Cultural Customs and Family Feeding. Caregivers indicated a desire to receive nutrition education via printed methods, in-person classes, and text messages. This group also asked for detail about how foods nourish preschoolers, as well as strategies and recipes to make healthy foods - especially vegetables - appeal to children. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Themes that emerged show nutrition content preferences are focused on vegetable feeding strategies as well as providing clarity about what foods are healthy for preschoolers. Delivery methods themes reveal that a multi-pronged approach is key to meeting this population where they are - electronically, in person, and in print.

P106 Evidence-Based Extension Education: Self-Reported Knowledge, Practice, and Attitudes of Nutrition Educators

<h3>Background</h3> Excellence in nutrition education requires a strong base in research evidence. While evidence-based practice is recognized as essential for nutrition education programming, little research in this area has targeted nutrition educators. <h3>Objective</h3> The aim of the study was to evaluate the perceived knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, and activities of nutrition extension educators related to evidence-based practice. <h3>Study Design, Settings, Participant</h3> Family and consumer sciences (FCS) extension agents in Florida were surveyed using an online, modified version of the Evidence-based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) through Qualtrics. <h3>Measurable Outcomes/Analysis</h3> Evidence-based practice activities over the past year (1 = never to 7 = frequently), attitudes towards evidence-based practice (1 = very negative to 7 = very positive agreement), and knowledge, skills and abilities related to evidence-based practice (1 = poor to 5 = excellent) were rated. Preferred sources of evidence-based nutrition information also were queried. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 85 nutrition educators surveyed, 20 FCS agents completed the survey. Regarding undertaking evidence-based practice activities to address gaps in knowledge, participants reported a rating of 5.2 ± 1.5 (mean ± SD). Attitudes were rated at 5.7 ± 1.5 and perceived knowledge, skills and abilities averaged 3.6 ± 0.8. Sources of evidence-based information included professional organizations (American Diabetes Association, American Heart Association, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the Society of Nutrition Education and Behavior), government departments (U.S. Department of Agriculture), university-approved curriculum and online resources, reputable domain names (.edu, .org, and .gov), nutrition journals, and state extension specialists. <h3>Conclusion</h3> FCS extension agents reported applying evidence-based practice activities to support their nutrition extension programming and very positive attitudes towards evidence-based nutrition education. However, lower ratings of perceived knowledge, skills and abilities suggest a need for professional development opportunities related to evidence-based practice.

Part 2: Theoretical Intakes of Modern-Day Paleo Diets

Background The Paleo diet is a popular dietary pattern based on interpretation of evolutionary diets. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the relative dietary quality of theoretical, modern-day Paleo meal plans, in comparison with national nutrition guidance. Methods This analysis used data from the Adhering to Dietary Approaches for Personal Taste survey. Survey respondents who self-identified as following a Paleo diet (N = 925) reported their top sources of food and nutrition information, and a random sample (n = 200) were selected for analysis. Five days of theoretical meal plans identified from each of the top 6 sources cited by Paleo participants (for a total of 30 days of meal plans) as well as 21 days of theoretical MyPlate meal plans, were analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Food and nutrient levels of Paleo meal plans were compared with the Dietary References Intakes and MyPlate meal plans. Results Paleo meal plans contain no identifiable refined grains or added sugars and have higher fruit and vegetable intakes than MyPlate meal plans. However, Paleo meal plans exceeded recommended levels of saturated fat (19% kcal/day), resulting in low unsaturated-saturated fat ratios, and did not meet the Dietary References Intakes for total carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, and potassium. Conclusion Although certain aspects of promoted Paleo meal plans offer improvements over typical American intakes, Paleo diets should be approached with caution, particularly because of the potential for increased cardiovascular risk owing to low unsaturated/saturated fat ratios. Future research should compare actual intakes with theoretical targets.

Contents of nutrition care services among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic: An Exit interview.

Focused antenatal care currently implemented in Tanzania recommends that women receive nutrition care during routine clinic visits. However, little detail is documented in regard to the nutrition information provided to pregnant women during these visits. The present study aimed to investigate whether pregnant women recalled nutrition information or support provided and, if so, who provided this during routine antenatal clinic visits. The secondary aim was to determine how pregnant women intended to implement the information and what mode of delivery was preferred for receiving nutrition information. An exploratory cross-sectional study comprising exit interviews was conducted with 50 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in three regional referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. All participants (n=50) reported receiving nutrition care from healthcare workers in regard to; haemoglobin checks (79% of participants), iron and folic acid supplementation (70%), weight measurement (70%), eating advice (60%), and dietary intake assessment (38%). However, the information recalled on each category was inconsistent. For 60% of participants, nurses were reported as the source of nutrition care during pregnancy, followed by medical doctors (22%). The most preferable mode for receiving nutrition information was reported as individual face-to-face sessions with health practitioners, followed by mobile phone. All of the participants who received nutrition information indicated that they intended to implement. Nurses were the main source of nutrition information for pregnant women attending antenatal clinics, followed by medical doctors. However, the content of nutrition information recalled by participants was inconsistent. Healthcare facilities need to implement strategies to ensure pregnant women understand and can implement nutrition information provided by healthcare workers during routine antenatal care.

What Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Strategies Are Used by Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Where Are They Sourced From?

ObjectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 13% of reproductive-aged women. Lifestyle management is the first-line treatment for improving reproductive, metabolic and psychological complications in PCOS, however women experience challenges with implementing behavioral change. This indicates a clear need to better understand how women with PCOS engage with evidence-based dietary and physical activity (PA) interventions. The primary aim of this study was to identify the types and sources of dietary and PA interventions implemented by women with PCOS. A secondary aim was to understand how they use behavioral and cognitive self-management strategies to support behavioral change. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study an online questionnaire was disseminated via the PCOS Nutrition Centre (a consumer-based website) between May 2015-May 2016. Women (n = 1167) were aged 18–45 years, primarily born within the United States (70%) and self-reported a PCOS diagnosis. ResultsWhile only 33% and 16% of women reported following formal nutrition or PA guidelines (respectively), 57% had implemented a ‘special diet’ to help manage their PCOS. Many of these diets were not supported by evidence-based PCOS practice. Participants also displayed a low level of engagement with important self-management behaviors, including goal setting and positive self-talk. The internet was the primary source of nutrition (36%) and PA (32%) information, with few turning to health professionals including doctors (nutrition 16%; PA 13%) and dietitians (nutrition 4.8%; PA 2.4%). ConclusionsThese findings suggest that online information may promote inaccurate non-evidence-based lifestyle advice, and indicates a need to increase engagement with qualified health professionals. As current lifestyle advice for PCOS management utilized by health professionals are based on generic national guidelines, it is possible that this one-size-fits-all approach does not satisfy their desire for more personalized recommendations. It is also likely that health professionals will need to diversify their mode of communication through the delivery of online lifestyle education. Funding SourcesThis research received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and the National Health and Medical Research Council.

English

Media plays an important role in social development and teenagers are the future of the society. This study made an attempt to elicit responses from teenagers on media content by projecting questions such as; what kind of content are teenagers viewing/reading mostly? What are their favourite programmes; Do they search for any information about nutrition and health related matters? What is the primary source of information for teenagers about health and nutrition?; and how do they spend their leisure-time? This cross-sectional study adopted stratified random sampling from three types of economic groups using a self-administered questionnaire as a tool for data collection. Results revealed that parents and Internet are serving as primary source of health and nutrition information for teenagers. Teenagers of poor families&rsquo; have low access to Internet, which manifests the glaring &lsquo;digital divide&rsquo;. Contrary to this, boys of poor families watching porn visuals is significantly highest compared to all strata of boys and girls, which clearly indicates the misuse of Internet by boys of poor families. This study recommends that parents, the media, health practitioners and policy makers, among others look into possible ways of increasing the benefits and reducing the harm that media can have on the development of children and adolescents. &nbsp; Key words: Mass media, teenagers, economic background, digital divide, health and nutrition information.

Sources of nutrition information for Indonesian women during pregnancy: how is information sought and provided?

Adequate and appropriate nutrition education is expected to contribute towards preventing risk of child stunting and maternal overweight/obesity. Understanding women's information-seeking behaviours is an important key step for health professionals and departments of health in order to improve the development of optimal and targeted nutrition education during pregnancy. This study investigated the experience of Indonesian women in seeking and receiving nutritional information during pregnancy and its relationship to women's socio-demographic and pregnancy characteristics. An online cross-sectional study. Malang City, Indonesia. Women who had given birth within the past 2 years (n 335). All women in this study sought or received food and nutrition information from multiple sources, including social and health professional contacts and media sources. The women frequently discussed nutrition issues with their family, particularly their husband (98·2 %) and mother or mother-in-law (91·6 %). This study identified four groups of sources based on women's search habits. Women from high socio-economic strata were more likely to discuss food and nutrition issues or received nutrition information from obstetricians, their family or online sources (adjusted R2 = 26·3 %). Women from low socio-economic strata were more likely to receive nutrition information from midwives, health volunteers or Maternal and Child Health books (adjusted R2 = 14·5 %). A variety of nutrition information sources needs to be provided for women from different socio-economic strata. Involvement of family members in antenatal nutrition education may improve the communication and effectiveness of young mothers' dietary and nutrition education.

Sports nutrition knowledge and perceptions among professional basketball athletes and coaches in Lebanon-a cross-sectional study

BackgroundBasketball is the most popular sport in Lebanon. Adequate nutrition has been established to be a key component of optimal athletic performance, recovery from exercise and exercise-induced injury and documented to be associated with adequate nutrition knowledge (NK). In Lebanon, nutrition education is not incorporated into the basketball player training program and there is no established position for sports nutritionists in basketball clubs. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to evaluate the NK status of Division I Basketball (D1B) players /coaches in Lebanon. The objectives of this study are to assess the prevalence of inadequate NK; identify the gaps in NK, main sources of nutrition information, perceptions on sports nutrition and independent predictors of inadequate NK among D1B players and coaches in Lebanon.MethodsAll D1B players (n = 184) and coaches (n = 16) in Lebanon were invited to participate in the study. Study participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that included questions on NK, resources and perceptions. A percentage of ≥60% of NK questions answered correctly was used as indicative of having adequate NK. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sample characteristics. The T-test and chi square test were used for comparisons of means and proportions, respectively. Logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of inadequate NK in D1B players.ResultsThe sample consisted of 178 D1B players (nM = 126; nF = 52) and 11 male coaches, resulting in survey response rates of 97 and 69%, respectively. Inadequate NK was found among about 80 and 54% of D1B players and coaches, respectively. Inadequate NK was found to be independently associated with lack of nutrition education in D1B players.ConclusionsDespite widespread lack of adequate NK among D1B players and coaches in Lebanon, our sports clubs do not have dietitians. Basketball sports clubs in Lebanon should start to budget for hiring a dietitian or carrying out nutrition education campaigns that are based on analyses of incorrect responses of our study participants. Findings of this study are of tremendous significance to D1B players in Lebanon in terms of improving the athletes’ physical health and performance.

Use, Knowledge and perception About Ketogenic Diet Amongst University Students from Medical and Health Sciences Faculties

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to determine the use, knowledge and perception amongst medical students at An-Najah National University. Methods: a cross-sectional study has been followed to collect data from students of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences using electronic questionnaire in October 2020. The questionnaire was consisted of 5 sections regarding; sociodemographic variables, dietary information, usage of KD, knowledge and perceptions toward KD. Differences between KD users and non-users and with associations to knowledge and perceptions were statistically analysed using Chi square. While independent samples t-test and ANOVA test were conducted to examine the differences for the total score of the KD knowledge. Results: Total respondent were 227 students with 71.8% were females. The mean age was 20±3 and ranged from 18–24-year-old. More than half of the participants have used a kind of diet mainly for weight management with only 7.5 % were using KD for an average of 6 months, half of the students referred to social media as a source of nutritional information while only 25.6% of the participants has attended nutrition related courses at the university. Overall, the students’ knowledge regarding KD was low 3.4 ±3.6 out of 15. However. Faculty of Medicine, third and fourth year of study, KD-user and overweight/obese students have scored significantly higher. The majority of the participants have viewed KD as not easy to be followed and need medical supervision. The relationship between the knowledge score and the perception items has shown significant differences in all perception items. Meaning that positive perception has improved as knowledge has increased. Conclusion: the results have confirmed that knowledge amongst medical students with regard to KD was low. Sociodemographic variables were not associated with the knowledge scores however, having attended a nutrition course has improved both the knowledge and perception towards KD. Similar studies are warranted to implement nutritional courses in medical curriculum.

Exploring Sports Nutrition Knowledge in Elite Gaelic Footballers.

Nutrition intake plays a crucial role in improving athletic performance, enhancing adaptations to training, and augmenting recovery from exercise. However, research has reported that Gaelic footballers consistently fail to meet energy and carbohydrate recommendations. Sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) can influence the dietary intake of athletes, and therefore has the potential to have a significant impact on athletic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the current level of SNK in elite Gaelic footballers (n = 100). An online version of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) was used to assess sports SNK. The overall mean SNK scores for Gaelic footballers and practitioners were 47.6 ± 12.3% and 78.1 ± 8.3%, respectively. There were no differences in knowledge between age groups, education level or divisional status. The top three sources of nutrition information identified by participants were team dietitian/nutritionists (84.0%), athletic trainers/strength and conditioning coaches (73%), and social media (37%). The results show that there is a major gap in the SNK of Gaelic footballers, while practitioners demonstrated a promising SNK, that could support Gaelic footballers. There is a need for development of interventions and knowledge transfer partnerships, including more effective methods of educating Gaelic footballers and translating sports nutrition principles to players. Developing appropriate nutritional education strategies using online resources and mobile applications could help to improve nutritional knowledge and practice of Gaelic footballers.

Exploring the nutritional beliefs of pregnant women in Yazd city.

SummaryIntroductionDuring the pregnancy, a woman as a healthy person grows another human being in her body and needs more cares due to changes in psychological and physical needs. This study aimed to explore the nutritional beliefs of pregnant women in Yazd city.MethodsThis was a qualitative study conducted with a conventional content analysis approach. A total of 12 participants were selected from women referred to the community health centers in Yazd, Iran, by the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through recorded semi-structured interviews that were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by the Lundman and Granheim’s content analysis method.ResultsIn this study, after analyzing the data, 10 main categories and 26 subcategories were extracted. The codes were 446 cases with no overlap, which was reduced after careful review and integration of similar items. Topics of categories included: The concept of nutrition during pregnancy, Nutrition limitations during pregnancy, Myths about food during pregnancy, Doubts about nutrition during pregnancy, Pregnancy food style, Sources of nutritional information in pregnancy, Positive Consequences of Healthy Nutrition in Pregnancy, Consequences of inappropriate pregnancy nutrition, Religious Beliefs in Pregnancy Nutrition, social support.ConclusionThe results indicated that the women were committed to their own nutritional beliefs that derive from their culture and this study provided a clear picture of the cultural beliefs of Yazdi women regarding pregnancy nutrition. According to the results, it is necessary to design the education process based on the culture of the community in order for that process to be effective.

Medical students’ perceptions of nutrition in medical education and future practice

Keywords: medical education, nutrition, medical students, physicians, undergraduate, lifestyle medicineBackground: Physicians are relied upon as knowledgeable sources of nutrition information; however, many report low nutrition knowledge.Objective: The present study assessed first and second-year medical students’ perceptions of nutrition education within the medical curriculum, in terms of their attitudes, learned body of knowledge, and satisfaction.Methods: An online questionnaire was administered to Dalhousie University medical students completing their first or second year (N=125). Mann-Whitney U tests compared the responses of first-year to second-year students, as well as those with and without previous nutrition education.Results: 97.6% of respondents agreed that nutritional counselling can positively influence patient outcomes, with 91.2% agreeing that physicians play a key role in nutritional counselling. Compared to second-year students, first-year students had greater self-perceived knowledge of basic nutrition concepts (p&lt;0.001) and nutrition in the treatment of disease (p=0.005), as did students with previous nutrition education compared to those without (p=0.019 and 0.018 respectively). Satisfaction was &lt;30% agreement, with first-year students more satisfied with their nutrition education than second-year students (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: First and second-year medical students regard nutrition as an important component of medical practice that can positively impact patient outcomes. However, low satisfaction with their nutrition education suggests that additional nutrition curriculum would better prepare them for future practice.

Elite squash players nutrition knowledge and influencing factors

BackgroundThere is a reported mismatch between macronutrient consumption and contemporary macronutrient guidelines in elite standard squash players. Suboptimal dietary practices could be due to a lack of nutrition knowledge among players. Subsequently, the purpose of this study was to assess the sports nutrition knowledge of elite squash players through the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) and provide an indication of whether players require nutrition support to increase their nutrition knowledge.MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed the nutrition knowledge of 77 elite squash players via the NSKQ over the period of June 2020 to August 2020.ResultsPlayers conveyed average nutrition knowledge with a mean NSKQ score of 48.78 ± 10.06 (56.07% ± 11.56%). There were no significant differences in NSKQ score between male and female players (p = .532). There was found to be a weak positive association between world ranking and NSKQ score (r = .208) and age and NSKQ score (r = .281). Players who had a relevant undergraduate degree (e.g. BSc Sport & Exercise Science) had significantly greater NSKQ score than players with no relevant qualifications (p = .022). Players who consulted a sports nutritionist to obtain their main source of nutrition information were shown to have significantly greater knowledge than those who acquired knowledge from a sports scientist (p = .01) or the internet / social media (p = .007).ConclusionsPlayers should consult with a sports nutritionist to increase their sport nutrition knowledge. Future research should quantify the effectiveness of a nutritional education intervention at increasing nutrition knowledge in players.

Low-Income Caregivers' Attitudes and Behaviors on Children's Diets: Emergent Themes on Cultural Influences and Perceived Value of Nutrition Information from Healthcare Providers.

Introduction:Limited access to affordable, healthy food and identifying as African-American or Hispanic-American are associated with greater risk of childhood obesity, especially for low-income individuals.Purpose:To report on (1) the emergent theme of the influence of culture on primary caregivers’ behaviors and motivations when preparing meals for their families; and (2) primary caregivers’ perceptions of the nutritional information they receive from health care providers.Methods:Twelve focus groups with low-income, adult primary caregivers of children ages 3 to 6 years were conducted in Texas and the DC-Maryland-Virginia region and were segmented by race/ethnicity and access to grocery stores.Results:Culture emerged as an important theme in influencing which foods participants cook at home. In some cases, that influence spilled over into the child’s diet. In other instances, the food that participants reported making for their children varied from the food they make for themselves. Participants reported having high trust in health care providers, but acknowledged that health care providers’ nutritional advice might not always be applicable.Discussion and Conclusions:Our findings highlight the importance of considering the role culture might play in influencing and informing caregivers’ decisions regarding children’s diets, and also better understanding caregivers’ perceptions of health care providers as a source of nutrition information for their children.

Sources of Nutrition Information in Recreational Ultra-marathon Runners: A Mixed Methods Analysis

Ultra-marathon events (i.e., .42.2-km) continue to grow in popularity; however, little is known regarding the sources of nutrition information which inform their beliefs and habits. The objective of this study was to characterize the acquisition of sport-specific nutrition information among ultra-endurance athletes using a mixed methods design. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three primary higher order themes were identified: Optimal Diet for Ultra-Endurance Athletes, Common Sources of Information, and Barriers to Scientific Information. Then, a self-report inventory (Sources of Nutrition Information-SONI questionnaire) was developed to assess common sources of nutrition information and characterize their beliefs about those sources. Likert-type questions were used, and primary sources were scored out of 3, sub-questions out of 5. Differences between sources were assessed using RM-ANOVA. Participants (N = 224) accessed, responded to, and submitted the survey via a secure, study-specific web-based link. Peer reviewed literature was reported as the most frequently used (mean score = 1.64, p < 0.001), credible (3.02, p < 0.001), and interesting (2.62, p < 0.002). Social media was the most accessible (2.81, p < 0.001), but the least credible (1.87, p < 0.001). While social media was perceived less credible than other sources, its accessibility could make it a promising tool to provide evidence-based nutrition information to this population.

Pre-conception Nutrition Care, Nutritional Knowledge, Nutritional Practices, and cultural Belief among pregnant women: A Qualitative Study in Aceh

Health care during pre-conception and pregnancy is one of the important factors that can improve pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to explore how pre-conception care, nutrition knowledge and practices, and the factors that influence it in pregnant women. This study used a cross-sectional design with a qualitative study approach. The subject was 11 pregnant women who were selected as well as 5 health workers. The data pre-conception of care and nutrition practices before pregnant, nutrition knowledge and nutrition practices, food taboo and suggestion, cultural belief influence, and data sources of information and nutritional information needs was carried out using the Focus Group Discussion. The results showed that most of the pregnant women did not get and done pre-conception nutrition care, had insufficient nutritional knowledge and the practice of balanced nutrition was still low. There is still an influence of cultural belief in the form of food taboos and food suggestions, and the lack of sources of information and nutritional information towards nutrition practice. It is necessary to develop media and nutrition educational methods to improve nutrition and health care during pre-conception and pregnancy, and further studies are needed specifically on the role of family factors, especially grandmothers, mothers in-laws, and family members on nutrition practices in pregnant women.

Dietary Choices of New Zealand Women during Pregnancy and Lactation

Dietary recommendations during pregnancy and lactation have become increasingly complex, and sources of information more numerous but not always reliable, potentially causing confusion and unsafe choices. Women were recruited during pregnancy or within six months postpartum and completed questionnaires on dietary choices, food safety, and sources of nutrition information. Women (n = 458) from around New Zealand participated in the study. They consumed a wide range of foods and beverages and reported various dietary changes. In pregnancy, women commonly avoided alcohol (92%), raw milk products (86%), and raw, smoked, or pre-cooked seafood and fish (84%), and made changes due to food safety concerns. Influential advice was acquired from a range of sources including midwives (37%) and the New Zealand pregnancy and breastfeeding guidelines (25%) during pregnancy. Food avoidance was less common in lactation. However, fewer women consumed milk products during lactation (64%) than pregnancy (93%). Potentially unreliable sources were used more frequently in lactation including alternative health practitioners (26%) and family or friends (12%), and dietary changes were often made in response to infant symptoms without supporting evidence. This study highlighted a need for good communication of evidence-based recommendations to women, especially during lactation.

Overweight and Obesity Coexist with Thinness among Lao's Urban Area Adolescents.

Introduction In recent decades, the developing countries of Southeast Asia, including the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), have experienced a rapid growth of their urban population. Partly as a result of that, issues of undernutrition and overnutrition became a significant public health problem. Objective To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their related factors, among the school-attending adolescents in the Lao capital of Vientiane. Methods A cross-sectional data on 300 adolescents aged 15–19 were collected during the months of March, April, and May 2018 by means of a self-administrated questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were used to obtain data on height and weight. Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher exact tests, and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were applied in the course of the statistical analysis. Results The study found a high prevalence of overweight/obesity (23.3%) and thinness (10.3%). Poor eating habits were noted in 67.0% of adolescents, even though 78.0% of them had a good knowledge of nutrition. Factors significantly associated with the overweight/obesity were low physical activities (aOR = 18.3; 95% CI: 5.51–60.66) and adolescents living with their guardians (aOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.08–0.79). Results also indicated that, in 47.3% of the cases, teachers, acting as a source of health and nutrition information, can prevent the risk of adolescents' overweight/obesity (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.11–3.80) but not their thinness (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.17–0.88). Conclusions Laotian adolescents are facing the spectrum of malnutrition in urban areas. To improve adolescents' nutritional status, there is a need for a collaborative approach of public health agencies that would address the issues of an effective food and nutrition policy. The school curricula should also include programs on nutrition and physical education.