Source Of Natural Antioxidants Research Articles

Comparison the effect of plant extracts and antibiotics on gram negative bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Tikrit city

Background: With increasing bacterial resistance for antibiotic, there is an increasing interest in medicinal herbal as a new source of an antimicrobial agents and with less side effects than conventional drugs. Objective: Was to evaluate the potential of Syzygium aromaticum and rosemarinus officinalis extract on Proteus mirabilis isolates in vitro. Methods: Six pathogenic gram negative bacilli belonging to three different genus (E.coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter aerogenes) and two isolates from each species were used in this study and four concentration (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% mg/ml ) from each plant extracts (aqueous and ethanolic of Syzygium aromaticum and rosemarinus officinalis extracts ) were prepared to be antibacterial agent. antibacterial activity was measured by using wells method and five antibiotics using to compare with the activity of antibacterial agent. Results: The result of the study shown that the ethanolic extracts of Syzygium aromaticum is a strong antibacterial agent (with diameter of inhibition zone 25 mm) against Proteus mirabilis. Enterobacter aerogenes with (15mm) of inhibition zon, E.coli did not show any inhibition zone also the aqueous and ethanolic of rosemarinus officinalis extracts and aqueous of Syzygium aromaticum extracts did not show any activity towards any gram negative bacilli also the results of the study show resistance isolates of E.coli and Proteus mirabilis toward several antibiotic while Enterobacter aerogenes is sensitive for more antibiotics that used in this study. Conclusions: Our study concluded that the extract of Syzygium aromaticum has high potential as antibacterial agent against UTI that caused by Proteus mirabilis, clove (syzygium aromaticum) can be used in pharmaceutical for the production of new synthetic agents. There is an increasing interest in phytochemicals as new sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. The natural compounds which have biological activities are interest to pharmaceutical industries especially for treatment of human disease of microbial origin and several pathological disorders such as cancergenesis, coronary atherosclerosis, as well as in ageing processes.

Using polyphenol-rich extracts from tropical fruit byproducts to control lipid and protein oxidation in cooked chicken models

AbstractThe present work aimed to analyse the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of peel and seed extracts obtained from three tropical fruits: papaya, mango, and loquat, with different solvents (water, ethanol, and water:ethanol, 1:1) and evaluate their potential effects as antioxidants in a cooked chicken model under refrigerated storage. In the seed and peel extracts produced, bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins) were quantified. Additionally, antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) were assayed spectrophotometrically. Seed extracts from the three fruits were selected for application in a cooked chicken model in which colour, lipids, and protein oxidation were evaluated during refrigerated storage. Moreover, compared with the other extracts, the mango seed extracts (MSEs), irrespective of the extraction solvent used, had the highest contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities. MSEs significantly reduced the CIE L* and increased the CIE a* while effectively controlling lipid and protein oxidation in cooked chicken models during refrigerated storage. Due to their high antioxidant activity and high concentration of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, MSEs are interesting sources of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds for use in the meat industry.

Multivariate analysis of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties in twenty-five accessions across three Achillea species

This study explored the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenol content of aerial parts from 25 accessions of three Achillea species (Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch, Achillea vermicularis Trin., and Achillea tenuifolia Lam.). The plants were collected from various natural habitats across Iran, encompassing regions such as Central, Western, Southern, Northern, Western, and Northwestern parts of the country. Subsequently, they were grown together under field conditions. The study revealed significant variation in essential oil yields among accessions of A. wilhelmsii, ranging from 0.01 to 0.107%, A. vermicularis with a range of 0.075 to 1.5%, and A. tenuifolia showing a variation of 0.1 to 2%. The study utilized Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, revealing 75, 49, and 75 compounds in the essential oils of A. wilhelmsii, A. tenuifolia, and A. vermicularis, respectively. Major components included camphor, 1,8-cineole, anethole, α-pinene, and phytol in A. wilhelmsii, 1,8-cineole, camphor, levo-carvone, and δ-terpinene in A. vermicularis, and β-cubebene, elixene, β-sesquiphellandrene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, and δ-terpinene in A. tenuifolia. The essential oil compositions of A. wilhelmsii and A. vermicularis were predominantly characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes, whereas that of A. tenuifolia was characterized by sesquiterpenes. Cluster analysis grouped accessions into three clusters, with A. tenuifolia forming a distinct group. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) triplot (62.21% of total variance) confirmed these results and provided insights into compound contributions. Furthermore, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the accessions of three species were assessed over 2 years. A. tenuifolia exhibited the highest levels in both categories, with statistically significant linear regression between antioxidant activity and total phenol content for A. tenuifolia and A. wilhelmsii. These findings emphasize significant phytochemical diversity within Achillea species, positioning them as promising natural sources of antioxidants. Further exploration and selection of specific accessions within each species are crucial for unlocking their medicinal potential and supporting cultivation and conservation efforts.

Stigmas and Petals of Crocus sativus L. (Taliouine, Morocco): Comparative Evaluation of Their Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities.

The dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L. produce saffron, a precious spice used for its culinary and medicinal properties since ancient times, while its petals are considered the main by-product of saffron production. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of stigmas and petals of Crocus sativus L. from Taliouine. The polyphenol content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, and the well-diffusion method was used to assess antibacterial activity against seven pathogenic bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus). Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined using the microdilution broth test. Our findings revealed that stigmas and petals contained phenolic compounds at the rate of 56.11 ± 4.70 and 64.73 ± 3.42 mg GAE/g, as well as DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC50 of 1700 µg/ml and 430 µg/ml, respectively. Petal extract showed more effective antibacterial activity, with inhibition diameters ranging from 10.66 ± 0.57 to 22.00 ± 1.00 mm and MIC values ranging from 2.81 to 5.62 mg/ml, compared to the stigma extract, which displayed inhibition diameters from 10.00 ± 0.00 to 18.67 ± 0.76 mm and MIC from 2.81 to 11.25 mg/ml, against five of the seven bacterial strains tested, including S. aureus, E. coli, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, and S. enterica. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the significance of these results. Thus, stigmas and petals of Crocus sativus L. might serve as a suitable source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Effects of Ranunculus hirtellus Aerial Parts and Roots: Methanol and Aqueous Extracts.

Ranunculus hirtellus, also known as crowfoot (buttercup), has a rich tradition of use in various biological contexts. While antibacterial studies on extracts from this plant have been conducted, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antidiabetic effects remain unexplored. In this study, the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects of its methanol and aqueous extracts were investigated. Our approach involved gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), alongside quantitative and qualitative methods, for phytochemical profiles. Additionally, concerning biological activities, the antioxidant effect was assessed through 2, 2-diphenyl-pieryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assays, while the antidiabetic effect was examined through the α-amylase inhibitory assay. The chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of R. hirtellus revealed the presence of 14 distinct compounds. In the methanol extract, sterols, quinones, glycosides, lactones, lignin, and flavonoids were identified. The aqueous extract contained sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, triterpenes, terpenoids, quinones, leucoanthocyanins, and lactones. The total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC), and reducing sugar content (RDC) were determined in plant extracts, and a linear relationship was found between these parameters. Additionally, the TTC, TPC, and TFC values for both extracts hovered around 0.3786, 0.0476, and 0.1864 μg/mL, respectively, across all plant concentrations, while RDC ranged from 0.9336 to 1.0119 μg/mL in all four extracts. In vitro assays demonstrated dose-dependent antidiabetic activity in both methanolic and aqueous extracts by inhibiting α-amylase. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity observed in the DPPH assay was greater in the aqueous extract compared with the methanolic extract. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest inhibition among chloroform and n-hexane in the ABTS assay. The results suggest that R. hirtellus can be a potential source of natural antioxidants and antidiabetic agents, and further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects.

Effects of Dietary Callicarpa nudiflora Aqueous Extract Supplementation on Growth Performance, Growth Hormone, Antioxidant and Immune Function, and Intestinal Health of Broilers.

C. nudiflora is notably rich in flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides, making it a significant natural source of antioxidants. We examined the effects of C. nudiflora aqueous extract (CNE) on growth performance, antioxidant function, immunity, intestinal barrier function, nutrient transporters, and microbiota of broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: a basal diet with 0 (control, CON), 300 mg/kg (CNEL), 500 mg/kg (CNEM), and 700 mg/kg (CNEH) CNE for 42 days. CNEL and CNEM groups quadratically increased body weight and average daily gain but decreased feed-to-gain ratios during the starter and whole phases. Regarding the immune response of broilers, CNE treatment linearly down-regulated jejunal myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ expression in the liver (d 21), while decreasing jejunal IL-1β expression and the concentration of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (d 42). The CNEM and CNEH groups had lower MyD88 and nuclear factor kappa B expression in the liver (d 21) compared to the CON group. Broilers in the CNEL and CNEM groups had higher spleen index and thymus index (d 21) and interleukin-10 expression from the liver and jejunal mucosa (d 42) than that in the CON group. For the antioxidant capacity of broilers, CNE treatment linearly decreased the content of malonaldehyde and increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity in serum (d 42). CNEM and CNEH groups linearly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in serum and heme oxygenase-1 expression in the liver, while increasing the activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum, jejunal nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 expression, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression in the liver (d 42). As for the growth hormone of broilers, CNEM group increased the level of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and up-regulated jejunal glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) expression (d 21). Broilers in the CNEM and CNEH groups had higher jejunal GLP-2 expression and growth hormone (GH) expression in the liver and the level of serum GH (d 42) than that in the CON group. Additionally, the villus height and jejunal Occludin and Claudin-1 expression in the CNEM group increased. CNE-containing diets resulted in a linear increase in the expression of jejunal zonula occluden-1 (d 21), villus height to crypt depth ratio, jejunal Occludin, excitatory amino acid transporters-3, and peptide-transporter 1 (d 42). The regulation of Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae_Ruminococcus, and Butyricicoccus genera indicated that CNEH altered the composition of the cecal microbiota. In general, supplementing broilers with C. nudiflora aqueous extract could boost hormones, immune and antioxidant function, and gut health, improving their growth performance. Hence, CNE was a promising poultry feed additive, with 500 mg/kg appearing to be the optimal dose.

Effect of Aqueous Solanum macrocarpon Leaves Extract on Hyperglycemia, Liver Enzymes, and Liver and Pancreas Histology in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes

Solanum macrocarpon (SM) is frequently used for both medicinal and dietary purposes. It has been documented to have hypoglycemic properties in diabetes management. This research delved into the effect of aqueous Solanum macrocarpon leaves extract on blood glucose levels, liver enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and histology of the liver and pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of thirty male Wistar rats, with weights ranging from 150 to 200 g, were randomly divided into six groups, each containing five rats. The normal (A) and diabetic control (B) groups received distilled water. The diabetic treated groups (C, D, E, and F) were administered 5 mg of glibenclamide, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg of Solanum macrocarpon extract orally for a period of 14 days. Significant reversal of the altered levels of liver enzymes was noted in the results. Positive alterations in blood glucose concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity were also observed. The histological examination showed damage to the hepatic and pancreatic cells of the diabetic untreated rat group, which was mitigated in diabetic rats treated with the aqueous extract. The findings indicate that the aqueous Solanum macrocarpon leaves extract serves as a valuable source of natural antioxidants, promoting both liver function and blood glucose regulation.

Antioxidative properties and sensory evaluation of white bread containing pre-treated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) flour

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) has limited characteristics since it has a high content of antinutritional properties. The pretreatment process by a combination of germination and roasting of cowpeas, called pretreated cowpea was done to prepare the flour made from cowpeas. The purpose of the study was to investigate how the pretreatment of cowpea flour affected the antioxidant content and other characteristics of white bread. This study used 0-10.4% (w/w) of the flour as a wheat flour substitute for making white bread. The dough was baked at 175°C for 40 minutes. The results showed that substituting pre-treated cowpea flour affected the bread colour, volume expansion, total phenolic content as well as antioxidant capacity. Pre-treated cowpea flour enhanced the total phenolic compound, antioxidant activity, moisture content, and darker colour, whereas the expansion rate was reduced. The best formula was found by using 5.2% of pretreated cowpea flour. It has good characteristics at colour properties, volume expansion by 12.14%; moisture content was 27.62%, total phenol was 86.24 mg GAE/100 g, antioxidant activity was 29.67 %RSA, and sensory score was 3.75 (preferred). Therefore, the pre-treated cowpea flour can be utilized as a natural antioxidant source in white bread recipes.

Comparative antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities of in vitro-grown callus and wild-grown various parts of Piper longum L

BackgroundPiper longum L. is a tropical and subtropical medicinal plant that has been used as antidiabetic, diarrhea, stomachache, cough, asthma, and bronchitis since ancient times. The in vitro-grown callus from the leaf, however, has not been tested and utilized for any of these conditions. Thus, this research pursues to assess the comparative study of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities of in vitro-grown callus and various parts of Piper longum-grown in the wild. MethodsThe antioxidant activity of crude extracts and the fractions were determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging assay, the antibacterial activity by agar-well diffusion method, and antidiabetic activity by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay. In addition, the total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were calculated using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and aluminum chloride complex-forming assay respectively. ResultsThe highest antioxidant activity (IC50=134.81±1.16 µg/mL), TPC (41.22±0.50 mg of GAE/g dry weight), and TFC (73.41±0.53 mg of QE/g dry weight) were obtained in the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction of root than other crude extracts and fractions. The DCM fractions of root exhibited the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 5.0 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8.35 mg/mL to the Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the DCM fraction of root showed the highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50=365.21±31.02 and 489.07±27.96 µg/mL) than other crude extracts and fractions. To the best of our information, comparative antioxidant (IC50=206.61±0.64 µg/mL), antibacterial (suppressed 80 % of tested bacteria), and antidiabetic (IC50=1165.15±15.63 and 1304.76±12.43 µg/mL) properties of the in vitro-grown callus were recorded for the first time in P. longum, and were found to be comparative to those of the wild-grown parts. ConclusionsThese results showed that wild-grown P. longum roots, particularly the DCM fraction, could be an important source of natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antidiabetics for better curative uses than other wild-grown parts and in vitro-grown callus. In vitro-grown callus, however, could be used as a natural drug source and used to conserve P. longum in its natural habitats in the future.

إجمالي محتويات الفينول والفلافونويد وفيتامين ج مع نشاط مضاد للأكسدة لأوراق القراص التي تنمو في زاخو ، إقليم كوردستان ، العراق

يُزرع جنس Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) بشكل متكرر في إقليم كردستان العراق ويستخدم كعلاج شعبي من قبل السكان المحليين لعلاج مجموعة متنوعة من الأمراض. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم إجمالي محتويات الفينول والفلافونويد وفيتامين ج باستخدام طريقة القياس الطيفي مع تحديد الأنشطة المضادة للأكسدة للمذيبات المختلفة مثل (المائي ، الإيثانول ، أسيتات الإيثيل ، الكلوروفورم و هكسان) المتدفقة التي تختلف باختلاف اختبارات مضادات الأكسدة مع تراكيز مختلفة وهي (1،1-ثنائي فينيل -2 بيكريل هيدرازيل ، اختبار القدرة المختزل ، القدرة الكلية لمضادات الأكسدة ، كسح أكسيد النيتريك ، جذور الهيدروكسيل ، β-carotene- حمض اللينوليك ومخلبات الحديد) وحمض الأسكوربيك كمرجع معياري. أوضحت نتائجنا أن تحديد إجمالي محتويات الفينول والفلافونويد باستخدام طرق فولين سيوكالتو وكلوريد الألومنيوم أظهر أن مستخلصات المذيبات القطبية أظهرت محتوى عاليًا من الفينول والفلافونويد بينما يحتوي مستخلص أسيتات الإيثيل على نسبة عالية من فيتامين ج. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أظهرت النتائج أن المستخلصات لها تأثيرات مضادة للأكسدة ملحوظة مقارنة بمضادات الأكسدة القياسية مثل حمض الأسكوربيك. كان لمستخلص الإيثانول لأوراق U. dioica L أنشطة تنظيف أقوى من مستخلصات المذيبات الأخرى لجذور 1،1-ثنائي فينيل -2 بيكريل هيدرازيل و الهيدروكسيل. أظهر مستخلص الماء تأثيرًا مضادًا للأكسدة أعلى من المستخلصات الأخرى لتقليل مقايسات القوة وأكسيد النيتريك مع انخفاض نشاط مضادات الأكسدة لـ β-carotene / حمض اللينوليك وإجمالي اختبارات القدرة المضادة للأكسدة. في المقابل ، كان للهكسان غير القطبي أعلى نشاط مضاد للأكسدة لمقايسة مخلب الحديد. تُظهر الدراسة الحالية أن مستخلصات أوراق U. dioica Lهي مصدر طبيعي حيوي لمضادات الأكسدة ويمكن استخدامها في المنتجات الغذائية بالإضافة إلى تطبيقات التغذ.

Leaves of Allium cepa and Xylopia aethiopica fruits as potent sources of natural antioxidant for stabilization of viscera FISH oil during accelerated storage

The present study investigated the antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of two local plants and their capacities to preserve the quality of viscera fish oil during storage. The total phenolic, total flavonoids and tannins contents were analyzed by colorimetry, the preliminary antioxidant tests done and identification of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD (Diode Array Detector) and ESI-MS. After these evaluation, the plant extracts were added in viscera fish oil at concentration 200–1000 ppm. The oxidative stability of these fish oil samples was evaluated by measuring their qualities indices during 16 days at 70 °C. Here, oils were collected at the day 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. The total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins contents in Xylopia aethiopica fruits were 15.62 g Eq acid galic/100g of dry extract, 10.85 mg Eq quercetin/100g of dry extract and 0.79 mg Eq cathechin/100 mg of dry extract. Those of Allium cepa leaves were 6.85 g Eq acid galic/100g of dry extract, 1.50 mg Eq quercetin/100g of dry extract and 0.11 mg Eq cathechin/100 mg of dry extract. All the methanolic extracts exhibited antioxidant activity. The results recorded after FRAP assay revealed the low IC50 (12.87 mg/mL) in Allium cepa extract compared to that of Xylopia aethiopica extract (44.90 mg/mL). These local plants contain many classes of phenolic compounds and they can be used in oil and fat industries as alternative of synthetic antioxidants.

The effect of extraction method on biological activity and phytochemical content of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) leaves extract concurrent with its principal component analysis

Artocapus heterophyllus (jackfruit) is available in abundance in tropical regions. The present study explored the effect of different extraction method i.e. maceration, ultrasonication and both of ultrasonication and maceration on its biological activity (antioxidant, antidiabetes and antibacterial activities) and phytochemical content of Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) leaves extract. Jackfruit leaves were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The capability of jackfruit leaves extract to scavenge radicals was evaluated using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay, β-carotene bleaching assay and reducing power assay. The total phenolic content (TPC) was assessed using the Folin- Ciocalteau method. Its antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion and microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurim and Escherichia coli. The α-glucosidase inhibitor assay was conducted using α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results revealed that ulrasonication method give the highest antioxidant activity in three metode used, i.e. DPPH assay with IC50 of 42.51 µg/mL, β-carotene bleaching assay of 57.64%, reducing power assay of 919 mg GAE/g. Meanwhile, for α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, ultrasonication method also had the highest value of 83.44% at concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, antibacterial assay using disk diffusion method showed ultrasonication had the highest inhibition zone of 7.81 mm at 5 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa, while maceration method had the highest inhibition zone of 8.02 mm at 5 mg/mL against E. coli. These results in accordance with total phenolic content (TPC) of ultrasonication extract which was the highest of 125.06 mg GAE/g. The liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis suggested that several bioactive compounds such as phenolic, flavonoid and its derivatives was present in the jackfruit leaves extract. Further analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the extraction process affected the metabolite composition of the samples which was confirmed by significant separation of the score plots of extraction methods. The present study revealed that jackfruit leaves is a potent source of natural antibacterial, antioxidants and antidiabetic medicines in functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.

Quantitative and Qualitative Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds in Castanea sativa Leaves and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities

The aim of the study was to evaluate the polyphenol profile of Castanea sativa leaf methanolic extract and further evaluate its biological activities in vitro. After purification with an RP-18 resin, the extract was assessed for its polyphenol profile by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, as well as for the antioxidant potential (ABTS, CUPRAC, ChA, ROS scavenging methods), anticancer, antiobesity, antidiabetic and antimicrobial potential. Eighteen polyphenols were identified and the dominant compounds were chestatin followed by quercetin 3-O-glucoside. The total phenolic content of the extract showed a value of 1426.55 mg/100 g d.w. The obtained preparation showed the ability to scavenge O2•− (0.067 mg/mL) and OH• (0.207 mg/mL) radicals and had a stronger anti-obesity than anti-diabetic effect. Additionally, this extract exhibited a strong anticancer activity against the Caco-2 line (153.54 µg/mL), with anti-migratory and anti-proliferative activity. In turn, among the tested strains, the highest activity was demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the effects demonstrated were strongly dependent on the content of polyphenols. In conclusion, C. sativa is a promising source of natural antioxidant, antibacterial, antiobesity, antidiabetic and chemopreventive compounds for food-pharma industry; however, further experimental studies are needed to validate its pharmacological properties.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activities of Salvia balansae de Noé ex Coss

Abstract The present study evaluated the potential of Salvia balansae from the Aures Mountains as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Leaves, flowers, and stems were extracted separately using methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Phenolic compounds were quantified colorimetrically and identified using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Antioxidant capacity was assessed using six different in vitro assays, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, ferrous ion chelating, and phenanthroline assay, while the photo-protective capacity was evaluated using the sun protective factor. The methanolic flower extracts revealed the highest O-diphenol and phenolic levels (287.9 ± 0.50 and 147.87 ± 0.21 µg GAE/mg, respectively), whereas the acetonic and ethanolic leaf extracts contained the highest flavonoid (72.17 ± 0.12 μg QE/mg) and flavonol (35.28 ± 0.05 μg QE/mg) levels, respectively. LC-MS was used to identify 18 phenolics, including quinic acid (5.051–69.69 ppm), luteolin-7-o-glucoside (7.802–44.917 ppm), apigenin-7-o-glucoside (3.751–68.507 ppm), and cirsiliol (2.081–15.608 ppm), distinguishing this Aures taxon. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean revealed variability in phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activity influenced by biological activities and the compound content. Overall, S. balansae demonstrated promising photo-protective capacity, the presence of key bioactive compounds, and wide-ranging antioxidant potential, presenting this endemic plant as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and photo-protective agents with pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Characterization of multilayer bacterial cellulose-chitosan films loaded with grape bagasse antioxidant extract: Insights into spectral and water properties, microstructure, and antioxidant activity

This work explores the development and characterization of composite multilayer films comprising bacterial cellulose (BC) and chitosan enriched with antioxidant compounds from grape bagasse extract (GE) and glycerol. SEM images revealed a compact structure with successful interactions between BC and chitosan, confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Equilibrium moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), swollen capacity, and solubility were systematically investigated, unveiling the influence of glycerol and GE concentrations. Moisture content increased with elevated glycerol and GE levels, attributed to their hydrophilic nature. WVP rose with higher concentrations of hydrophilic compounds, affecting the films' permeability. Swollen capacity decreased, and solubility increased with the addition of GE and glycerol, indicating a more compact film structure. The incorporation of GE conferred antioxidant properties to the films, as evidenced by DPPH and ABTS+ assays, and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) determination. TPC values varied from 0 to 1.75 mg GAE/g dried film, depending on GE. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) highlighted polymeric associations, and UV–Vis spectra demonstrated enhanced UV-blocking properties. Overall, these multilayer films offer promising applications in food packaging, leveraging natural antioxidant sources for an enhanced functionality.

The forgotten fruit (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) and its chemical composition: a review

AbstractNatural plant sources, particularly the fruits of several lesser-known species, are receiving increasing amounts of attention because they contain a variety of bioactive compounds that are advantageous to human health. The production of easy-to-grow, already-used, and full of nutrients crops could be a solution to the growing problem of a lack of healthful food. One such fruit is the quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), which belongs to the Rosaceae family that originated in the Caucasian area and extends to other parts of the world. Quince has been studied for decades because of its unique importance in food and medicine. The characteristic pear-shaped fruit is golden yellow in appearance and has an aromatic, and acidic flavour. The low-fat fruit is rich in numerous necessary nutrients, minerals, dietary fibre, and antioxidants that have significant positive effects on health, but due to its bitterness, it is underutilized. Quince can be utilised as a raw material to create a variety of food products and is a good source of natural phenolic antioxidants, providing significant functional characteristics.

Design of three-component essential oil extract mixture from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus with enhanced antioxidant activity

The development of novel antioxidant compounds with high efficacy and low toxicity is of utmost importance in the medicine and food industries. Moreover, with increasing concerns about the safety of synthetic components, scientists are beginning to search for natural sources of antioxidants, especially essential oils (EOs). The combination of EOs may produce a higher scavenging profile than a single oil due to better chemical diversity in the mixture. Therefore, this exploratory study aims to assess the antioxidant activity of three EOs extracted from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus in individual and combined forms using the augmented-simplex design methodology. The in vitro antioxidant assays were performed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging approaches. The results of the Chromatography Gas-Mass spectrometry (CG-MS) characterization showed that citral (29.62%) and niral (27.32%) are the main components for C. flexuosus, while d-carvone (62.09%) and d-limonene (29.58%) are the most dominant substances in C. carvi. By contrast, β-asarone (69.11%) was identified as the principal component of A. calamus (30.2%). The individual EO exhibits variable scavenging activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals. These effects were enhanced through the mixture of the three EOs. The optimal antioxidant formulation consisted of 20% C. flexuosus, 53% C. carvi, and 27% A. calamus for DPPHIC50. Whereas 17% C. flexuosus, 43% C. carvi, and 40% A. calamus is the best combination leading to the highest scavenging activity against ABTS radical. These findings suggest a new research avenue for EOs combinations to be developed as novel natural formulations useful in food and biopharmaceutical products.

Bioactive metabolite profiles and quality of Rosa rugosa during its growing and flower-drying process

Rosa rugosa is extensively cultivated in China for its remarkable fragrance and flavor, however, the metabolic changes in roses during growth and drying remain unclear. Our results revealed significant variations in phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity in roses (Rosa rugosa f. plena (Regel) Byhouwer) under different conditions. Phenol contents were positively correlated with antioxidant capacity, with phytochemicals being most prominent in unfolded petals. The highest antioxidant capacity and phenol and flavonoid contents were observed in April. Considering their greater consumption value, whole flowers were more suitable than petals alone. Furthermore, considerable sensory and nutritional differences were observed in dried roses. Different drying methods increased their total phenol content of roses by 4.2–5.4 times and the antioxidant capacity by 2.9 times. Metabolomics revealed the altered contents of flavonoids, anthocyanins, lipids, amino acids, and saccharides. This study provides baseline data for the potential of roses as a natural source of antioxidants in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Physicochemical composition, centesimal, and phytochemical profile of umbu seed flour (Spondias tuberosa Arruda)

This study aimed to investigate the nutritional potential of umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) seed flours. This was an experimental study. The seeds of the umbu fruit were subjected to an oven-drying process in order to obtain the flour. Subsequently, the analysis of the centesimal composition, physicochemical, mineral, and fatty acid profile, microbiological investigation, and the screening of bioactive phytochemicals of the umbu seed flours in hydroethanolic extracts were carried out. A completely randomized design (CID) was used, with three replications, and the results were expressed as means followed by standard deviation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out, and the Tukey’s test was applied at a 5% probability level. It was possible to obtain flour from umbu seeds. It was observed that they contained significant amounts of insoluble dietary fiber (80.9 ± 0.55a g.100-1), protein (6.95 ± 0.10a g.100-1), and lipids (5.54 ± 1.13a g.100-1). The minerals present included zinc (1.87 ± 0.05b mg.100 g-1), manganese (14.36 ± 0.34c mg.100 g-1), and calcium (104.79 ± 0.92c mg.100 g-1). The flours had high levels of oleic monounsaturated fatty acids (33.10 ± 0.13a g.100-1), linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acids (38.06 ± 0.06b g.100-1), and palmitic saturated fatty acids (19.1 ± 0.04b g.100-1), in addition to considerable levels of phenolic compounds (276.21 ± 14.01a mg.g-1 GAE) and flavonoids (891.09 ± 9.01ª mg.g-1 rutin), with satisfactory sanitary conditions for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus molds, and yeasts. This study suggests that umbu seed meals can be considered relevant sources of dietary fiber, minerals, and natural antioxidants.

Antioxidant potential of alkaloids and polyphenols of Viola canescens wall using in vitro and in silico approaches.

Background: V. canescens Wall, a plant renowned for its ethno-medical properties, was investigated in this study for its antioxidant potential based on its wide therapeutic applications in traditional healthcare systems. The study aimed to assess the antioxidant potential of the plant extract/fractions and to predict the active phytochemicals using computational techniques. Methods: Five fractions were obtained from the crude methanolic extract of Viola canescens, and six concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150μg/mL) were prepared for each fraction. The antioxidant activity of these fractions was evaluated using the Tetraoxomolybdate (VI) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In-silico docking studies and molecular dynamic simulations were conducted to further elucidate the molecular interactions underlying the antioxidant activity. Results: The aqueous extract of V. canescens exhibited significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity against DPPH. Additionally, the crude flavonoid extract demonstrated moderate activity with IC50 value of 57.863μg/mL, indicating potent inhibition of cell growth. In-silico docking studies revealed a strong interaction between emetine and the aromatase protein, suggesting its potential as an antioxidant. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the antioxidant potential of V. canescens extract, indicating its suitability as a source of natural antioxidants. These results suggest its potential application in pharmaceutical preparations aimed at harnessing antioxidant properties for therapeutic purposes.