Source Of Natural Antioxidants Research Articles

A critical review of antioxidant potential and pharmacological applications of important Ficus species

The Ficus genus is universally recognized for its medicinal properties. This article aims to comprehensively review the antioxidant potential and pharmacological properties of some key Ficus species within the genus, regarding their natural antioxidants and pharmacological properties. An extensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases using keywords such as Ficus species, antioxidant activity, and pharmacological applications. This review revealed notable differences in antioxidant capacity among the selected Ficus species. Comparative studies within the review indicated that factors such as geographical location, extraction method, and specific part of the plant used, significantly influenced the antioxidant activity and phytochemical content. Among these, F. benghalensis, F. carica, and F. krishnae exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities. Regarding overall pharmacological effectiveness, the species that out were F. religiosa, F. carica, and F. elastica. In sum, Ficus species emerge as a promising source of natural antioxidants with substantial pharmacological potential. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate their medicinal uses, exploring the mechanism of actions, and potential applications in developing novel therapeutic agents.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Anacyclus maroccanus Ball. and Anacyclus radiatus Loisel. Essential Oils Against Multidrug Resistant Microbial Pathogens

Objective: The present study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potencies of two essential oils obtained from the Moroccan ecotypes A. maroccanus and A. radiatus. Methods: The chemical composition of EOs was analysed by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis (GC-MS); moreover, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays ware made to evaluate the antioxidant activity. In addition, disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were employed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities against some resistant and pathogenic microorganism strains. Results: Results showed that the Anacyclus maroccanus and Anacyclus radiatus EOs were characterized by high amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, along with radical scavenging and reducing properties. Furthermore, EOs exhibited marked antimicrobial effects against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that EOs from Anacyclus maroccanus and Anacyclus radiatus Moroccan ecotypes are a promising source of natural antioxidants that could be used in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly against drug-resistant microbial strains.

Bioactive Compounds Investigation and Antioxidant Activities in Extracts and Fractions of Tamarindus Indica (Aradib) From Sudan

Tamarindus indica is commonly used interest in Sudan for edible plant and medicinal use. This study aimed to determine bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities in extracts and fractions of Tamarindus indica pulp grown in Sudan. The powdered plant was extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone using an ultrasonic technique. The residue of the ethanol extract was fractionated using successive solvents. The extracts and fractions were determined for their phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins contents, and analyzed bioactive compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer, and also evaluate their antioxidant activities using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl, reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods. The results show that the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total tannins levels were significantly higher in the ethyl acetate fraction than in other extracts and fractions. GC-MS analyses of extracts and fractions showed a variety of bioactive compounds such as Hexadecanoic acid, Stigmasterol, Maltol, Sitosterol, Vitamin E, Allose, Tartaric acid, and Vaccenic acid. All the extracts and fractions exhibited good antioxidant activities. The extracts and fractions of Tamarindus indica pulp are sources of natural antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, which are beneficial effects on human health and the possibility of application in the pharmaceutical industry.

Morphological and biochemical characteristics of wild red-fleshed apples (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana) in the North and Northeast of Iran

BackgroundRed-flesh apples (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana) have attracted attention from consumers and researchers due to their pleasant appearance and taste. These exotic apples are rich sources of nutrients and health-promoting polyphenols and phenolics. This study aimed to investigate morphological (40 quantitative and 13 qualitative traits) and biochemical (5 traits) characteristics of four socioeconomically important red-fleshed apple populations in North and Northeast region of Iran, which are understudied and under serious extinction risk.ResultsThe examined characters exhibited wide and statistically significant variations, especially in leaf color (68.86%) and the number of seeds per fruit (61.61%), and more dramatically in the total flavonoids (146.64%) and total phenolics contents (105.81%). There were also strong variations in fresh fruit weight and fruit length, diameter, and flesh thickness. Red, with 34 accessions, was the dominant ripe fruit skin color. All biochemical traits also showed high variations, particularly in total flavonoid content. Red-fleshed Gavramak and Kalateh Khij apples contained the highest biochemical and morphological values, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first five principal components together accounted for more than 60.83% variation of the total observed variations. Moreover, the cluster dendrogram analysis based on Ward’s method indicated three different clusters based on the characters measured, indicating high variation among the accessions.Conclusionred-flesh apples can be considered suitable sources of natural antioxidants with great potential as healthy foods and nutraceutical applications. Based on the commercial characters, Red-fleshed Gavramak and Kalateh Khij apples showed the highest fruit quality with proper size and thus can be suggested as superior for cultivation or use in breeding programs due to having higher quality fruits.

Antioxidant Compounds and Activities of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Decoction Residues from Cordial and Juice Production

Roselle is a popular plant in Malaysia, especially for its use in food and beverage production. The calyces of the roselle plant are commonly decocted to make roselle juice and cordial, resulting in a significant amount of waste in the form of decocted calyces. Surprisingly, these decocted calyces retain their dark red colour and are still intact although soften. However, to date, there is no research on the antioxidant compounds and activities of roselle decoction residues from cordial and juice production have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the roselle decoction residues. The roselle decoction residues were evaluated for colour, Delta E (∆E), pH, total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing ability assay (FRAP), and ferrous ion chelating (FIC). All assays were also correlated and show positive effect among themselves. The decocted residues reported were still in acidic conditions ranged of pH 2 to 4. The decocted cordial residue (DCR) showed similar colour with control or fresh roselle calyx (FRC), and a bit duller in decocted juice residue (DJR). The DCR showed similar and slightly lower antioxidant content and activity of TAC, TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP and FIC to FRC but much better than DJR. Therefore, the DCR were still rich in anthocyanin contents and had good antioxidant activity without having colour changes. These residues have the capacity to be converted to wealth and could be an alternative source for natural antioxidants. Further research is needed to explore their potential applications in functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals. By harnessing the potential of roselle decoction residues, we can contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to food and beverage production.

Assessment of Phytochemical Characteristics of Walnut (Juglans regia) Leaves: Determination of Nutritional Value and Quantitative Content of Phenolic Compounds

This study aimed to assess the nutritional value of walnut leaves (Juglans regia), investigate the content of major polyphenolic compounds in walnut leaves, and assess the potential of walnut leaves as a phytogenic supplement to poultry diets. The nutritional composition of dried ground walnut leaves (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin E, b-carotene) was assessed according to generally accepted methods. The quantitative content of individual groups of polyphenols, such as total phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and juglon, was determined spectrophotometrically. The content of the sum of tannins was determined by the titrimetric method. Walnut leaves contain a high content of b-carotene (295.0 μg/g) and natural antioxidant vitamin E (128.8 μg/g). The protein content was noted at the level of 12.5%, the fiber content - 12.86%. In a significant amount, calcium and phosphorus accumulated in walnut leaves - 2.04% and 0.23%, respectively. The content of the total hydroxycoric acids in terms of chlorogenic acid in walnut leaves was 24.3 mg/g, the total content of phenolic compounds in gallic acid equivalent was 14.4 mg/g, flavonoids in rutin equivalent was 20.2 mg/g, and juglone was 2.72 mg/g. The content of total tannins in walnut leaves was 124.5 mg/g. The high nutritional value of walnut leaves compared to alfalfa meal and the presence of a number of biologically active polyphenolic compounds in a significant amount give grounds to consider this phyto-raw material not only as a valuable feed component, but also as a source of natural antioxidants.

Therapeutic Effects of Dracaena reflexa Lam.- A Review Article

In the existing study, Ayurveda is the traditional form of health care known to us. The leaves of Dracaena reflexa Lam. (Song of India leaves) were investigated to be of the best medicinal importance and were widely used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range and various types of diseases. The highest phenolic content is displayed. According to this study, Dracaena reflexa is a natural great source of antioxidants that can be used as an antioxidative from exhausted literature review we apparent that Dracaena reflexa Lam. showed anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, congestive heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmia, and antidiabetic effects. Plants are traditionally medicinal source. Dracaena reflexa (Song of India) belongs to aspergeceae family have antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic properties showed activities like antioxidant, phytochemical and physical parameters (extractive value, moisture content, Ash value, crude fibreetc.). It is also used as traditional medicine in different diseases like antipyretics, wound healing etc. It is an ornamental plant also used as decorative plants like window door plants help to clean to environment to give pure and fresh oxygen. The find out about cultivation, physical characteristics and taxonomical properties like macroscopically and microscopically classification. Dracaena reflexa Plant has a consistent number of valuable phytochemical constituents that are used as medicines in various diseases. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, amino acids, tannins, steroids, glycosides, carbohydrates, lipids, and oil were found in the leaves after a qualitative screening for phytochemical components.The present article attempts to provide information on biological significance of Dracaena reflexa for further research.

Antioxidant activity and identification by HPLC-DAD-MS of 3-deoxyanthocyanins in the husks of Sorghum caudatum (L.) Moench grains from Burkina Faso

As indicated by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the resurgence of chronic diseases is projected to account for 70 % of deaths and 56 % of illnesses globally by 2030. In response, authorities are allocating resources towards prevention through the use of substances with natural or synthetic antioxidant properties. However, the safety of synthetic antioxidants is constrained by the limited number of molecules they can be derived from and the necessity for intricate and costly testing to substantiate their safety. In light of this, the scientific community has set itself the objective of identifying new potential sources of natural antioxidants with the more effective capacity in prevetion of these chronic diseases. Anthocyanins, particularly 3-deoxyanthocyanins are cited as one antioxidant molecules with preventive efficacy. The objective of this study is to contribute to the discovery of new sources of 3-deoxyanthocyanins. In order to achieve this objective, a concentrated extract of 3-deoxyanthocyanins was first prepared by maceration of the husks of Sorghum caudatum grains in acidified ethanol, followed by precipitation in acidified distilled water.The Folin-Ciocalteu and differential pH methods were then employed to determine the total phenolic compound content and the total 3-deoxyanthocyanin content of the extract, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated by determining its free radical scavenging activity using the ABTS method, its reducing power of ferric ions using the FRAP method, and the percentage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging. Using physico-chemical and physical methods (PC, HPLC, UV–vis and MS), the 3-deoxyanthocyanins present in the extract from the husks of Sorghum caudatum grains were identified. The results of these analyses demonstrated that the total phenolic compound content was 237.73 ± 2.12 mg GAE/g extract, while the 3-deoxyanthocyanin content was 99.33 ± 4.16 mg EApi/g extract and 110.05 ± 4.33 mg ELt/g extract. The extract demonstrated notable antioxidant activity, with an CI50 of 62.59 µg/mL as determined by the ABTS method, a content of 77.35 ± 0.17 mg TE /g extract as quantified by the FRAP method, and an H2O2 scavenging percentage of approximately 72.29 %. The extract was found to contain five distinct compounds, namely luteolinidin, 7-O-methylluteolinidin, 5-O-methylluteolinidin, apigeninidin and 7-O-methylapigeninidin. The grain husks of Sorghum caudatum represent a novel source of 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Consequently, they offer a promising avenue for the extraction of natural antioxidants, natural colouring agents and nutraceuticals for the food industry, thereby enhancing the economic value of agricultural waste and augmenting the profitability of Sorghum cultivation.

A Comparative Study of the Phenolic and Flavonoids Contents, and Antioxidant Activity of Ziziphus Mauritiana’s Leaves, Ripe and Unripe Fruit Extracts from UAE

This study evaluates the antioxidant properties of leaves, unripe and ripe fruits of Ziziphus mauritiana from the UAE. Phenolic compounds show a strong correlation with antioxidant activity, with the leaves exhibiting the highest efficiency. The results suggest that Ziziphus mauritiana leaves are a promising source of natural antioxidants with potential therapeutic applications.

Antioxidant Activity and Hypoallergenicity of Egg Protein Matrices Containing Polyphenols from Citrus Waste.

This study reports on the interactions of egg proteins, which represent a major health concern in food allergy, with polyphenols obtained from orange and lemon peels. The antioxidant properties of such citrus peel extracts prior to protein binding were evaluated. The resulting edible, and therefore inherently safe, matrices exhibit reduced IgE binding compared to pure proteins in indirect immunological assays (ELISA) using individual sera from patients allergic to ovalbumin and lysozyme. The reduced allergenicity could arise from the interactions with polyphenols, which alter the structure and functionality of the native proteins. It is hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the polyphenols, described as inhibitors of the allergic response, could add immunomodulatory features to the hypoallergenic complexes. A docking analysis using lysozyme was conducted to scrutinize the nature of the protein-polyphenol interactions. An in silico study unravelled the complexity of binding modes depending on the isoforms considered. Altogether, the presented results validate the antioxidant properties and reduced allergenicity of polyphenol-fortified proteins. Lastly, this study highlights the upgrading of vegetable wastes as a source of natural antioxidants, thus showing the benefits of a circular economy in agri-food science.

Characterisation of wild red raspberry ecotypes in Northern Anatolia: Insights into sensory, biochemical and antioxidant properties

ABSTRACT Red raspberries are among the most significant wild edible fruits (WEFs) in Türkiye, thriving in cold to warm temperate regions across the country. This study focuses on 11 wild red raspberry ecotypes sampled from the Northern Anatolia region, examining their sensory, biochemical and antioxidant properties. Sensory analysis was used to compare ecotypes based on aroma, taste and juiciness. Biochemical assessments included soluble solid content (SSC), vitamin C amount, organic acids, total anthocyanins (TA), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay measured antioxidant capacity. Despite similar growing conditions, significant variations were observed among ecotypes and across years. In the first year, fruit weights ranged from 1.04 g to 1.33 g, and in the second year, they ranged from 0.97 g to 1.27 g. Fruit chroma values ranged between 26.11 and 33.70 in 2021, and 23.17 and 30.19 in 2022. Vitamin C exhibited considerable variability, ranging from 29.3 mg · 100 g−1 to 44.4 mg · 100 g−1 across ecotypes and years. TPC, total anthocyanin content (TAC) and total flavonoid content ranged from 164 mg to 390 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) · 100 g−1, 17.3 mg to 33.2 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent · 100 g−1 and 10.3 mg to 17.6 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) · 100 g−1, respectively, in both years. Citric acid emerged as the dominant organic acid across all ecotypes. Notably, the ecotypes V-4, V-8, V-3 and V-10 showcased larger, more appealing fruits suitable for fresh consumption, whereas V-3 and V-5 presented sweeter fruits ideal for processing. Additionally, the ecotypes V-6, V-7 and V-11 displayed higher levels of health-promoting compounds, such as TPC and antioxidant capacity, suggesting their potential as functional foods and valuable sources of natural antioxidants in the future.

Utilizing pistachio green hull extract to produce sugar-free muffins with antioxidant and antidiabetic potential

The current study aimed to produce sugar-free muffins containing pistachio green hull extract (PGHE) as a natural source of antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds. The effects of PGHE substitution (1, 2, and 4% w/w) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging), inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, storage stability (peroxide value and TBA), physicochemical, and sensory properties of muffins were investigated. The antioxidant activity of samples containing 4 % PGHE, demonstrated a 22-fold increase compared to the control. Furthermore, muffins containing PGHE displayed higher oxidation stability over a 14-day storage period. PGHE could improve α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of muffins up to 7-fold and 2-fold, respectively. Texture analysis revealed that increasing the amount of PGHE decreased the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of muffins. Incorporation of PGHE into samples had a significant effect on the color. The muffins containing 2 % PGHE had an overall acceptance that was not significantly different from the control.

Antioxidant potentials of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves from Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh

This research delves into the antioxidant potential of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves harvested from the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. Four distinct solvents—methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate—were utilized to determine antioxidant activities. Initial phytochemical screening unveiled the existence of many secondary metabolites, including as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and others. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total proanthocyanidin content were determined using quantitative analysis. The assessment of antioxidant activity was conducted using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Notably, the acetone extract of Acanthus ilicifolius exhibited the highest total phenolic content (24.75 mg of GA/g), total flavonoid content (12.9 mg of catechin/g), and total proanthocyanidins content (11.47 mg of catechin/g). The ethanol extract displayed the most robust antioxidant activity in both DPPH (91.41 %) and ABTS (66.78 %) scavenging assays among the crude extracts, underscoring its potential as a valuable source of antioxidants. The results emphasise the crucial importance of choosing the appropriate solvent in the extraction procedure and suggest that Acanthus ilicifolius leaves, particularly when extracted with ethanol, acetone, or methanol, hold promise as a natural source of antioxidants. This study offers valuable insights into the bioactive potential of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves.

The use of UV-A radiation for biofortification of lettuce and basil plants with antioxidant phenolic and flavonoid compounds

Stable plant production is a crucial concern of modern agriculture facing increasing food demands and the risk of less predictable weather conditions in the open field. Alternative approaches for plant production are greenhouses and indoor farming. Modern LED-based artificial lighting indoor facilities allow not only to fill the gap in the supply chain of food production, but to produce plants characterized with higher concentration of essential phytochemicals. Thus, in this study, we attempt to analyse the efficiency of short-term supplementation of spectrum within ultraviolet A light (UV-A, 365 nm) to increase the antioxidant potential of leafy plants, assessed by total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content. To this end, two distinct cultivars of baby leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa L.) and microgreens basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants were grown under red-green-blue spectrum supplemented prior to harvest with low doses of UV-A radiation. Analyses showed that UV-A exposition enhanced TPC and TFC with green leaf cultivars, compared to dark-pigmented ones. The analysis also proved that plants exposed to UV-A presented higher overall antioxidant potential measured with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH). Results are crucial for better understanding the potential of UV-A supplementation to produce functional plants which are natural sources of dietary antioxidants.

In silico Study with Antioxidant Activity and α-Amylase Inhibitory Potential in Ethanolic Extract of Melilotus indicus

Building upon the long history of plants as natural remedies, this study investigated the presence and content of flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, in an ethanolic extract of Melilotus indicus. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated. The Melilotus genus is renowned for its diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. As anticipated, flavonoids were the primary phenolic constituents identified in M. indicus. The extract exhibited a flavonoid content of 0.49 ± 3.818 mg/g and demonstrated comparable antioxidant activity (IC50 = 1.6 mg/mL) to vitamin C (IC50 = 0.01 mg/mL). A docking study against human salivary amylase (1C8Q), revealed promising binding scores for chlorogenic acid and kaempferol (-6.09196091 and -5.45953274 kcal/mol, respectively) compared to the acarbose drug (-8.8864727 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that M. indicus may be a valuable source of natural antioxidants with potential health benefits.

The potential of Mitragyna speciosa leaves as a natural source of antioxidants for disease prevention.

Mitragyna speciosa is famous for its addictive effect. On the other hand, this plant has good potential as an antioxidant agent, and so far, it was not explicitly explained what the most contributing compound in the leaves to that activity is. This study has been conducted using several computational methods to determine which compounds are the most active in interacting with cytochrome P450, myeloperoxidase, and NADPH oxidase proteins. First, virtual screening was carried out based on molecular docking, followed by profiling the properties of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET); the second one is the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 100 ns. The virtual screening results showed that three compounds acted as inhibitors for each protein: (-)-epicatechin, sitogluside, and corynoxeine. The ADMET profiles of the three compounds exhibit good drug ability and toxicity. The trajectories study from MD simulations predicts that the complexes of these three compounds with their respective target proteins are stable. Furthermore, these compounds identified in this computational study can be a potential guide for future experiments aimed at assessing the antioxidant properties through in vitro testing.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Properties of Sesame Seeds of Different Colors and Origin.

Rising health concerns regarding chronic diseases call for exploring natural sources of antioxidants and factors that influence their activity. This study evaluated the diversity of 112 sesame germplasms from Africa and Asia based on ten agronomic traits (seven quantitative and three qualitative), two antioxidant activities (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities), and the content of one metabolite (TPC). TPC, DPPH, and ABTS were in the ranges of 4.98-87.88 µg GAE/mg DE, 3.97-46.23 µg AAE/mg DE, and 3.42-176.01 µg TE/mg DE, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed significant variations in agronomic traits, TPC, and antioxidant activities among the sesame germplasms (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the individual and interaction effects of seed color and the continent of origin on the levels of the quantitative traits, TPC, ABTS, and DPPH were analyzed, and the correlation among the traits was further evaluated. Diversity in TPC, ABTS, and DPPH was significantly associated with seed color and most of the quantitative agronomic traits (p < 0.05) but not with continent of origin. Principal component analysis revealed TPC, ABTS, DPPH, and five quantitative traits as the most discriminant traits. In general, six sesame accessions with high TPC and antioxidant activities (IT194356, IT170094, IT29971, IT185998, IT104246, and IT169623) as well as important agronomic traits were identified and, hence, could be used for developing improved sesame varieties.

Rapid discovery of natural antioxidants in Hypericum japonicum: Dual roles of the liquid phase mobile phase as extraction and separation solvent

Hypericum japonicum is a traditional folk medicine with various bioactivities such as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-tumorous. The antioxidant effect of H. japonicum is one of the most prominent effects due to its responsibility for many of its activities. To clarify active natural substance, the antioxidant properties of H. japonicum were preliminarily assessed by ferric reducing–antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD). Then, a straightforward and effective method named online liquid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography combined with ABTS antioxidant assay and mass spectrometry (OLE-HPLC-ABTS/Q-TOF-MS) was developed to swiftly and directly discover the antioxidants in H. japonicum. Using mobile phase as extraction and separation reagent, coupled with online activity analysis and compounds identification by high-resolution MS, the online system enables rapid screening of natural antioxidant bioactives from complex mixture. By using it, a total of 9 compounds including flavonoids and phenolic acids characterized by retention time, precise mass, and fragmentation ions in MS/MS spectra showed antioxidant action. Finally, the antioxidant and SOD activity of main found active compounds were validated by in vitro experiment assay and molecular docking. In summary, these results suggested that H. japonicum could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants, and the online integrated system might become a promising candidate for the natural antioxidants discovery in the future.

Characterising the Metabolomic Diversity and Biological Potentials of Extracts from Different Parts of Two Cistus Species Using UHPLC-MS/MS and In Vitro Techniques.

This study investigates the biochemical composition and biological properties of different parts (leaves, roots, and twigs) of two Cistus species (Cistus monspeliasis and Cistus parviflorus). The extracts were analysed using UHPLC-MS/MS to determine their chemical profiling. A range of antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the extract's antioxidant capabilities. The enzyme inhibition studies focused on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase and tyrosinase. In addition, the study examined the antimicrobial effects on different bacteria and yeasts and evaluated the toxicity using the MTT assay. Quinic acid, citric acid, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin derivatives, kaempferol, myricetin, ellagic acid, prodelphinidins, procyanidins, scopoletin, and flavogallonic acid dilactone are the main bioactive compounds found in both species. In enzyme inhibition assays, C. monspeliasis roots exhibited significant activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with the values of 2.58 ± 0.02 mg GALAE/g and 11.37 ± 1.93 mg GALAE/g, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies showed mostly weak toxicity, with some samples moderately reducing viability in RAW and HepG2 cells. These findings underscore the diverse biochemical profiles and bioactive potential of Cistus species, suggesting their utility as natural sources of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.

Unveiling the therapeutic potential of Haloxylon articulatum extract: a comprehensive study on its phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial activities

ABSTRACT Haloxylon articulatum, commonly known as the salt tree have diverse medicinal benefits. The phytochemical content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of the methanolic extract were assessed. The extract demonstrated a high concentration of flavonoids and phenolic components, with a Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of 186 ± 3 µg QE/mg extract and a Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of 188.1 ± 0.4 µg GAE/mg extract. Bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, such as quercetin, rutin, chrysin, and caffeic acid, were detected by LC-MS analysis. Through IC50 values of 28.88, 14.13, and 23.03 µg/mL for DPPH, β-carotene, and ABTS tests, respectively, the extract demonstrated considerable antioxidant activity. Antibacterial activity was reported against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with bactericidal effects indicated by MIC and MBC values. The extract also exhibited potent antifungal activity against Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Alternaria sp. These results suggest that H. articulatum extract is a promising source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents with potential therapeutic applications.