Ethical Sourcing Research Articles

Review on pharmaceutical supply chain resilience: strategies for managing disruptions and ensuring continuity

The pharmaceutical supply chain is critical to ensuring the availability of life-saving medications and healthcare products. However, it is highly vulnerable to disruptions, including natural disasters, economic and political instabilities, supply chain vulnerabilities, and technological failures. This review explores strategies for enhancing resilience within the pharmaceutical supply chain, focusing on risk management, supplier diversification, inventory management, and the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT, AI, and block chain. Case studies, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters like Hurricane Maria, and geopolitical challenges like the US-China trade war, are analyzed to extract valuable lessons and strategies that proved effective in maintaining supply chain continuity. The review also looks ahead to future trends, emphasizing the importance of digital transformation, sustainability, and ethical sourcing in building a more robust and adaptable pharmaceutical supply chain. The findings underscore the need for proactive disruption management, strategic diversification, and sustainable practices to ensure the uninterrupted delivery of essential healthcare products.

Leveraging blockchain for sustainable supply chain management: A data privacy and security perspective

This review examines how blockchain technology can be leveraged to enhance data privacy and security in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). As global supply chains become increasingly complex and the demand for sustainability grows, ensuring data privacy and security has become a critical concern. Traditional supply chain systems often face challenges such as data breaches, lack of transparency, and difficulty in tracing products and materials. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, immutable, and transparent architecture, offers a promising solution to these challenges. Blockchain can enhance data security by ensuring that data is tamper-proof, traceable, and encrypted, thus protecting sensitive information across the supply chain. It provides transparency while allowing permissioned access, ensuring that stakeholders can verify data without exposing confidential information. Furthermore, privacy-preserving technologies such as zero-knowledge proofs and homomorphic encryption allow verification of data without compromising its security. Smart contracts enable automated compliance with regulatory frameworks like GDPR, reducing the risk of human error and improving operational efficiency. The integration of blockchain in SSCM can improve traceability, transparency, and accountability, thereby promoting environmental and social sustainability. By tracking the origin and journey of goods, blockchain helps verify ethical sourcing practices and reduce carbon footprints. However, the technology also presents challenges, including scalability, integration with legacy systems, and cost considerations. Through case studies in industries such as food, textiles, and renewable energy, this review highlights the practical applications and benefits of blockchain for SSCM. It concludes that blockchain has the potential to revolutionize supply chain operations, but careful consideration must be given to overcoming its technical and financial barriers to widespread adoption.

Technological Innovation for Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Food Industry

This study explores the critical role of technological innovations—specifically blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI)—in enhancing sustainable supply chain management within Malaysia's food industry. As the industry faces increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices due to environmental concerns, regulatory demands, and consumer expectations, these technologies offer significant potential for improving traceability, reducing waste, and optimizing operational efficiency. The research highlights how blockchain enhances transparency and ethical sourcing, IoT enables real-time monitoring to minimize waste, and AI optimizes demand forecasting and inventory management, reducing overproduction and resource waste. However, the study also identifies substantial barriers to the adoption of these technologies, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These challenges include high implementation costs, a shortage of skilled labor, and concerns over data security and privacy. To address these issues, the study recommends starting with pilot projects to mitigate risks, investing in continuous workforce training, enhancing data security measures, and leveraging government support and industry collaborations. By overcoming these challenges, Malaysia's food industry can effectively integrate these innovations, leading to more sustainable, efficient, and resilient supply chains. This research underscores the importance of strategic planning and continuous improvement in fully realizing the benefits of technological advancements, thereby positioning Malaysia’s food industry as a leader in sustainable practices within the global market.

The intersection of green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices in FMCG SMEs

As sustainability increasingly shapes consumer behavior and corporate strategies, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are adopting green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices to gain a competitive edge. This review explores the intersection of these two critical areas, demonstrating how their integration can drive both business growth and environmental responsibility. Green marketing, which focuses on promoting eco-friendly products and sustainable business practices, has become a key tool for FMCG SMEs to differentiate themselves in a crowded marketplace. By adopting strategies such as eco-friendly packaging, ethical sourcing, and transparency in communicating sustainability efforts, SMEs can build stronger consumer trust, foster brand loyalty, and meet the growing demand for environmentally conscious products. Simultaneously, sustainable supply chain practices ensure that the production, distribution, and logistics processes align with environmental and social goals. These practices include reducing carbon emissions, minimizing waste, and working closely with suppliers to ensure ethical sourcing of materials. The synergy between green marketing and sustainable supply chains creates a feedback loop where operational sustainability supports marketing efforts, and consumer demand for green products encourages further sustainability improvements. This review also examines the challenges FMCG SMEs face in aligning these strategies, such as cost barriers, regulatory compliance, and supply chain complexity. Through case studies and industry examples, it highlights how innovative technology and stakeholder collaboration can help overcome these challenges. Ultimately, this study underscores that integrating green marketing and sustainable supply chain practices is not only essential for addressing environmental concerns but also for enhancing competitive positioning, customer satisfaction, and long-term market success in the FMCG sector. Recommendations for SMEs on how to effectively align their marketing and supply chain sustainability efforts are also provided. Keywords: Green Marketing, Supply Chain, FMCG SMEs, Review.

Marketing-Driven Supply Chain Innovation: A Framework for FMCG SME Sustainability

In an increasingly competitive and sustainability-conscious market, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector face unique challenges in achieving long-term sustainability. This review explores the concept of marketing-driven supply chain innovation as a strategic framework for enhancing SME sustainability. By integrating consumer-centric marketing strategies with supply chain operations, SMEs can align their product offerings, sourcing practices, and logistics with growing consumer demand for environmentally and socially responsible products. The framework outlined in this study includes key components such as sustainable product design, green logistics, ethical sourcing, and the incorporation of circular economy principles. Additionally, technology-driven innovation, such as data analytics and digital platforms, is emphasized as a tool to improve supply chain transparency, reduce waste, and optimize resource utilization. Through these collaborative efforts, SMEs can foster stronger consumer trust, enhance brand loyalty, and build a competitive edge in the market. Despite the potential benefits, the review also discusses the challenges SMEs may face, including limited financial resources, resistance to organizational change, and balancing profitability with sustainability goals. However, by leveraging green financing options, cross-sector partnerships, and phased implementation strategies, SMEs can overcome these barriers. Ultimately, the integration of marketing-driven supply chain innovation is positioned as a critical path for FMCG SMEs to achieve long-term sustainability, profitability, and market competitiveness in an evolving global economy. Keywords: Marketing-Driven, Supply Chain, FMCG SME, Review.

A Study on Impact of CSR on Brand Reputation and Consumer Behaviour

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a key factor influencing brand reputation and consumer behaviour. Companies that actively engage in CSR initiatives demonstrate a commitment to social and environmental issues, which can enhance their reputation and foster consumer trust. When brands are perceived as socially responsible, consumers are more likely to develop positive attitudes, leading to increased loyalty and advocacy. CSR initiatives, such as sustainability efforts, ethical sourcing, and community engagement, often differentiate brands in competitive markets, giving them a favourable edge. Furthermore, consumers today are more socially conscious, and their purchasing decisions are increasingly influenced by a brand’s CSR practices. Brands that prioritize CSR can attract this growing segment of consumers who value ethical and responsible business practices. However, insincere or poorly executed CSR efforts may have the opposite effect, causing reputational damage and eroding consumer trust. Therefore, for CSR to have a positive impact on brand reputation and consumer behaviour, it must be authentic, well-communicated, and integrated into the company’s core values and operations. In conclusion, CSR is a powerful tool for building brand equity, fostering consumer loyalty, and driving long-term business success.

Размышление о понятии совести: сравнительный анализ подходов в арабо-тюркской исламской философии

The concept of conscience is one of the main unsolved problems of moral philosophy. It is of great importance to reveal the discussions about this con­cept until today collectively on the philosophical level, in terms of clarifica­tion the questions related to the source of morality and moral propositions and the subjectivity or objectivity of ethical values. We can evaluate the ex­planations related to the concept of conscience in two categories as etymolo­gical and terminological. While explanations on the etymology of the con­cept are naturally based on classical dictionaries, conceptual explanations are based on classical, medieval and modern Western and Islamic moral philo­sophy texts. The main purpose of the study is to discuss the moral content of the concept of conscience in the light of Islamic philosophies compara­tively, based on the basic works related to the concept in Islamic thought. The main thesis of the study is that conscience is a deeply appealing power that has metaphysical, psychological and epistemological aspects. Conse­quently, we can define conscience as a spiritual force with cognitive, emo­tional, and voluntary aspects

Organic Food Products - A study on Consumers Perspective in Udgir Town of Maharashtra

In the recent decade we have observed a trend of emerging concern among human beings on the planet earth towards ecology and environment. The increasing concern among humans about environment has led to the increasing demand and requirement for Eco-friendly Organic Food products in the Indian market. As awareness of environmental issues and health concerns rises, consumers increasingly seek sustainable food options that align with their values. This study examines key factors influencing consumer choices, including perceived health benefits, environmental impact, and the importance of ethical sourcing. Through survey, insights are gathered on consumer knowledge of organic certifications, pricing concerns, and the role of marketing in shaping perceptions Considering the environmental concerns this articles states that today the consumers are optimistic and have a positive attitude towards Organic Food products and consumers do prefer to buy such products even if they have to pay a premium for the same which is usually influenced by certain variables that include their perceptions about the benefits that Eco-friendly Organic Food organic food products provide, along with the societal norms and personal values moreover including their understanding towards environmental concerns. The study is concluded with certain suggestions that emphasizes on various methods to increase the consumer awareness towards Eco-friendly Organic Food products and based on sustainability encourage the Eco-friendly Food consumption pattern. The findings reveal a growing trend towards prioritizing eco-friendly products, suggesting a shift in market dynamics that could influence future agricultural practices and food production. Understanding these consumer attitudes is essential for producers and retailers aiming to meet the demand for sustainable food options and to promote a healthier planet.

Implications of Value-Based Leadership on Ethical Sourcing Practices in Procurement Process Efficiency at Selected Commissions of Kenya-A Case of Teachers Service Commission

Implications of Value-Based Leadership on Ethical Sourcing Practices in Procurement Process Efficiency at Selected Commissions of Kenya-A Case of Teachers Service Commission

Implications of Value-Based Leadership on Ethical Sourcing Practices in Procurement Process Efficiency at Selected Commissions of Kenya-A Case of Teachers Service Commission

Implications of Value-Based Leadership on Ethical Sourcing Practices in Procurement Process Efficiency at Selected Commissions of Kenya-A Case of Teachers Service Commission

Ranking and Challenges of Supply Chain Companies Using MCDM Methodology

Background: Supply chain companies have merits and demerits regarding operational and economic transactional policies. The effectiveness of supply chain companies corresponds to a cumulative score on a multi-criteria and perspectives-based evaluation. In this paper, we analyse the performances and challenges of several celebrated e-commerce companies to perceive their overall impression of supply chain management. Method: A mathematical model is framed as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem with challenges as criteria and companies as alternatives. The criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) method is used in this paper to adjust weights representing the available data. The ranking of e-commerce companies is evaluated using multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) method. Results: This model investigates the most dependent criteria and sub-criteria for the adaptation challenges of supply chain companies (SCCs). Furthermore, the SCCs are prioritized based on various conflicting criteria. Conclusion: Various challenges of SCCs, like logistics constraints, disruptions in supply chains, issues with technology, ethical sourcing and inconsistency between the products’ availability and the pace of consumption, are considered and analysed. We amassed the difficulties as criteria and sub-criteria in a numerical process using the MCDM approach. Additionally, the sensitivity and comparative of several optimal phenomena are analysed based on distinctive combinations of challenges in the ranking arena.

Enhancing Supply Chain Transparency in Agriculture with Blockchain Technology: A Case Study of AgriDigital

Agriculture supply chain transparency has attracted a lot of attention lately. The idea relates to how easily relevant information regarding the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural goods is accessible to all parties involved in the agricultural supply chain, from farmers to consumers. For several reasons, including environmental sustainability, ethical sourcing, and food safety, it is imperative to maintain openness. The intricate and disjointed nature of the agricultural supply chain has made it difficult to attain complete transparency. A possible way to deal with these issues is through the use of blockchain technology. Blockchain can improve agricultural product traceability and accountability by offering a decentralized, irreversible ledger of transactions. With the use of this technology, supply chain players may access and validate information instantly, lowering the possibility of fraud and increasing overall efficiency.

Blockchain technology as an enabler of transparency and efficiency in sustainable supply chains

Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and immutable ledger, presents a promising solution to the challenges of ensuring transparency and efficiency in sustainable supply chains. This abstract explores how blockchain can enhance traceability, verify authenticity, and foster stakeholder trust by providing an unalterable record of transactions accessible by all parties involved. Additionally, blockchain improves supply chain efficiency through streamlined processes, accurate data, and reduced fraud and errors, enabled by its secure and automated systems. Case studies in the food, fashion, and pharmaceutical industries demonstrate blockchain's practical applications, showcasing its role in ensuring food safety, ethical sourcing, and counterfeit prevention. Despite its potential, challenges such as integration with existing systems, scalability, regulatory compliance, and data privacy must be addressed. As these obstacles are overcome, blockchain is poised to become a key component in the management of sustainable supply chains, offering substantial benefits in transparency and operational efficiency.

The dark side of beauty: an in-depth analysis of the health hazards and toxicological impact of synthetic cosmetics and personal care products.

Over the past three decades, the popularity of cosmetic and personal care products has skyrocketed, largely driven by social media influence and the propagation of unrealistic beauty standards, especially among younger demographics. These products, promising enhanced appearance and self-esteem, have become integral to contemporary society. However, users of synthetic, chemical-based cosmetics are exposed to significantly higher risks than those opting for natural alternatives. The use of synthetic products has been associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including cancer, respiratory conditions, neurological disorders, and endocrine disruption. This review explores the toxicological impact of beauty and personal care products on human health, highlighting the dangers posed by various chemicals, the rise of natural ingredients, the intricate effects of chemical mixtures, the advent of nanotechnology in cosmetics, and the urgent need for robust regulatory measures to ensure safety. The paper emphasizes the necessity for thorough safety assessments, ethical ingredient sourcing, consumer education, and collaboration between governments, regulatory bodies, manufacturers, and consumers. As we delve into the latest discoveries and emerging trends in beauty product regulation and safety, it is clear that the protection of public health and well-being is a critical concern in this ever-evolving field.

The biblical sources of morality

In the context of a “Residential Course in Bioethics,” this report obviously stands as a contribution at the foundational level. In this respect it relates to other reports, from which, however, it must be clearly and adequately distinguished. In other words, I intend to respect to the utmost the biblical framework that has been indicated to me and that I now point out to you as a fertile and promising field for every man of good will who intends to ethically ground his prass.

Impact of Ethical Procurement Practices in Enhancing Corporate Reputation and Stakeholder Trust in Canada

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the Impact of ethical procurement practices in enhancing corporate reputation and stakeholder trust in Canada Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that companies in Canada that adopt ethical procurement practices are socially responsible, which greatly enhances their reputation among consumers, investors, and the broader community. This positive perception is critical in a market where stakeholders are increasingly vigilant about corporate ethics. Moreover, ethical procurement practices foster trust among stakeholders, including suppliers, customers, employees, and regulatory bodies. By ensuring transparency and fairness in their procurement processes, companies can build stronger, more reliable relationships with their suppliers, leading to more stable and resilient supply chains. Additionally, consumers are more likely to remain loyal to brands that demonstrate a commitment to ethical sourcing, which can lead to increased market share and profitability. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Stakeholder Theory, Institutional Theory & Institutional Theory may be used to anchor future studies on Impact of ethical procurement practices in enhancing corporate reputation and stakeholder trust in Canada. Implement integrated ethical frameworks that incorporate procurement strategies aligned with sustainability, diversity, and social responsibility goals. Organizations can enhance practice by embedding ethical considerations into supply chain management processes and supplier relationships. Foster proactive stakeholder engagement to communicate ethical procurement initiatives transparently. This practice not only builds trust but also aligns organizational values with stakeholder expectations, enhancing reputation and credibility. Advocate for policies that promote ethical procurement standards and incentivize businesses to adopt transparent and accountable sourcing practices. Clear regulatory frameworks can provide guidance and support for organizations seeking to integrate ethical considerations into their procurement policies.

A sustainable approach to derive sheep corneal scaffolds from stored slaughterhouse waste.

Aim: The escalating demand for corneal transplants significantly surpasses the available supply. To bridge this gap,we concentrated on ethical and sustainable corneal grafting sources. Our objective was to create viable corneal scaffolds from preserved slaughterhouse waste.Materials & methods: Corneas were extracted and decellularized from eyeballs that had been refrigerated for several days. These scaffolds underwent evaluation through DNA quantification, histological analysis, surface tension measurement, light propagation testing,and tensile strength assessment.Results: Both the native and acellular corneas (with~90% DNA removed using a cost-effective and environmentally friendly surfactant) maintained essential optical and biomechanical properties for potential clinical use.Conclusion: Our method of repurposing slaughterhouse waste, stored at 4°C for several days, to develop corneal scaffolds offers a sustainable and economical alternative xenograft model.

Facilitating the ethical sourcing of donor hematopoietic stem cells for cell and gene therapy research and development.

Aim: Unrelated stem cell donor registries (DRs) are increasingly engaging in the field of cell and gene therapy (CGT). This study aims to explore the values, concerns, needs and expectations of donors and members of the public on donating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for CGT.Methods: Seven focus groups were conducted in 2019 with members of the public, prospective donors and donors on the Anthony Nolan DR in the UK.Results: Participants expressed concerns over increased frequency of donation and incidental findings and required more information on the type of research including the purpose and possible outcomes.Conclusion: Addressing donors' concerns, needs and expectations on donating cellular materials for CGT research and development is essential to maintaining the highest standards for donor care and safety within this rapidly emerging field.

Evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives on Stakeholder Engagement in Rwanda

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the evaluation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on stakeholder engagement in Rwanda. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicate that effective CSR initiatives significantly enhance stakeholder trust and loyalty towards the company. When companies demonstrate a genuine commitment to social and environmental issues, stakeholders, including customers, employees, investors, and communities, perceive them more favorably. This positive perception often translates into increased brand reputation and customer loyalty. Secondly, CSR initiatives contribute to improved relationships with various stakeholders. By engaging in socially responsible practices such as ethical sourcing, environmental conservation, and community development projects, companies build stronger connections with stakeholders. This engagement fosters open communication, collaboration, and a sense of shared values, leading to better long-term relationships. Moreover, study indicates that well-executed CSR initiatives can drive innovation and competitive advantage. Companies that integrate sustainability into their core business strategies often discover new opportunities for growth, cost savings, and market differentiation. Stakeholders, particularly investors, increasingly value companies that prioritize CSR, viewing them as more resilient and capable of long-term value creation. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Stakeholder theory, social exchange theory and legitimacy theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the evaluation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on stakeholder engagement in Rwanda. Encourage businesses to develop customized CSR strategies that align with their core values, business models, and stakeholder expectations. Advocate for robust regulatory frameworks that incentivize responsible corporate behavior and set clear expectations for CSR disclosure and performance.

Henri Bergson and New Materialism

Henri Bergson’s Matter and Memorypresents a panpsychist ontology. Bergson pushes the dualism of mind and matter to breaking point. Matter is reconceived as the sum of all images. Idealism and deterministic materialism are bypassed. We get an indeterministic and emancipative model of the world. The idea that matter is inherently creative and endowed with both perception and memory is highly relevant today. Materiality, far from being dead or passive, is equipped with agency. Bergson’s themes coincide with the concerns of contemporary New Materialism. Authors working in the latter school explicitly cite Bergson as a key influence. Bergson can help us understand what “newness” means in New Materialism. That being said, recent scholarship has pointed to certain unpalatable political implications of Bergson’s works, in particular the anthropological premises of Two Sources of Morality and Religion. In my article, I seek to address such critiques. In my view, by reading Bergson ontologically as a New Materialist process philosophy, some of the unfortunate cultural and ideological presuppositions Bergson did not reflect upon may be ameliorated to a great extent.