Energy Sources In India Research Articles

Comparative assessment of global warming potential of gasoline, battery, and hybrid vehicles in India

This study reports a comparative analysis of life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG, CO2-eq.) emissions of three fuel-type vehicles, viz. internal combustion engine (ICEVs), battery electric (BEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), from an Indian perspective. Vehicles in hatchback and compact sports utility vehicles (SUVs) categories were analyzed. GHG emissions in fuel life cycle (well-to-tank and tank-to-wheel) and vehicle life cycle were estimated using data from websites of OEMs and ministries of Government of India, and the GREET software. The vehicle life cycle constitutes a smaller fraction (15–20 %) of total life cycle GHG emissions for ICEVs and HEVs compared to BEVs (∼35 %). The vehicle cycle emissions of BEVs are higher than ICEV and HEV in both categories (52–63 % for hatchback and approx. 45 % for compact SUV). The fuel cycle emissions of BEVs are smaller than ICEV and HEV in both categories (29–34 % for hatchback and 32–40 % for compact SUV). The total life cycle GHG emissions of BEVs were lower than ICEV and HEV (15–17 % in hatchback and 17–25 % in compact SUV category) for the 2023 energy mix in India with a significant share of thermal route. With anticipated doubling of renewable energy sources in India by 2030, the total life cycle GHG emission of BEV will decrease by approximately 20 %. However, sensitivity analysis revealed that BEVs produce higher GHG emissions than ICEVs and HEVs until a minimum lifetime travel distance. Thermal power plant efficiency and battery lifespan also influence BEVs lifetime GHG emissions.

Current Scenario and Future Perspectives of Renewable and Sustainable Energy in India: Progress and its Challenges

Energy is a key force behind both social and economic advancement. The scientific advancements in numerous industrial, governmental, and municipal activities have significantly increased the energy demand. The main reasons behind the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) are the rapidly increasing rates of energy demand and fuel prices, as well as the requirement to control greenhouse gas emissions. In reality, meeting the world’s growing energy requirements and preventing climate change are now of greatest concern. This review paper provides a thorough overview of the creation and growth of renewable and sustainable energy sources, including information on their types, traits, benefits, and drawbacks. This review specifically discusses the situation and future potential of renewable and sustainable energy sources in India. The growth of RESs can have a substantial impact on the economic development of India, in addition to creating employment possibilities related to harnessing energy from RESs.

Determination of best renewable energy sources in India using SWARA-ARAS in confidence level based interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy environment

The requirement for renewable energy sources arises from the depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing energy demand. A case study in India has been conducted in this context to identify the most promising renewable energy sources. A novel multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) method integrating stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) has been proposed for this purpose. We have used interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy numbers for data representation due to their ability to accommodate a broad range of fuzzy information. By introducing confidence level-based aggregation operators in an interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy environment, we avoid erroneous assessments by decision experts. We have employed objective and subjective weight determination approaches to determine decision experts’ weights. The SWARA method has been used for attribute weight evaluation due to its simplicity and efficiency, and the ARAS method is employed for alternative ranking and optimal choice selection using the utility degree. The findings show the potential to expand solar and wind power, whereas geothermal energy is not yet suitable for widespread deployment because of its early stage of development. We find the technical and environmental aspects to be especially significant during the decision-making process. To demonstrate the proposed method’s applicability, we have compared the results with existing MAGDM methods. To establish its stability, we conducted a sensitivity analysis. The presented MAGDM method can help make informed decisions regarding implementing solar energy as a primary source of energy supply in India, thereby aiding decision-making for policymakers, regulators, energy planners, and stakeholders.

A robust decision-making approach for the selection of an optimal renewable energy source in India

The evaluation of alternate energy sources to select an appropriate one has always been an important matter of consideration for investors and project engineers, especially for developing countries like India. This necessitates the need for a robust approach where the scope of the decision making process increases and the results can be analysed through different perspectives in scrutiny. This study presents a novel robust approach to assist in the decision making process in the field of sustainable energy and uses India as a case study to define the scope for India's renewable energy development. It implements Entropy and CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation criteria weighting methods and eight distinct multi criteria decision making methods to rank the renewable energy sources so as to select the optimal one. The ranking results establish solar to be the best alternative for energy production in India. Wind and biomass stand at second and third places interchangeably in the aggregate rankings obtained in the case of Entropy and CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation weights, whereas hydro is ranked last. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is carried out to check the influence of the criteria weights on the decision, and to measure the stability and robustness of the methods used in this approach.

An Exploratory Analysis of Public Perspectives towards Renewable Energy Sources in India

An Exploratory Analysis of Public Perspectives towards Renewable Energy Sources in India

A REVIEW ON DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA

Energy generation and environmental conservation are the twin issues arising from exploitative interaction of humans with natural resources. Excessive utilization of coal and oil for energy generation lead to the multiple environmental problems. In the current scenario the global energy needs can only fulfill by adopting non conventional sources of energy.The present review deals with efforts and achievements of India to develop sustainable, efficient and cleaner energy resources not only in urban but also in rural areas .India has always shown its willingness in leadership to fight climate change. Presently, India is worlds third renewable energy producer with 40% of energy capacity in installed in the year 2022 (160 GW of 400 GW) coming from renewable sources.Ernst & Youngs (EY)2021 Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness index(RECAI) ranked India third behind USA and China. In November 2021. India had a renewable energy capacity of 150 GW consisting of solar (48.55 GW), wind (43.03 GW) hydro power (51.34 GW) and Biomass (10.62 GE). India has committed for a girl of 500 GB renewable energy capacity by 2030. The countrys vision is to achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2070.

Development and Experimental Investigation of Briquetting Machine for Use in Rural Area

Biomass is an organic matter such as agricultural crop residues, forest plant materials and animal wastes used as animal fodder, domestic fuel energy source in India. The briquetting technology is the extrusion process of various biomass materials to produce briquettes as a biofuel substitute for fuel wood, coal and charcoal. Mahua (Madhuca Indica) seeds oil extraction plant have waste known as mahua deoiled cake (Doc) is major forest biomass and is locally available in southern parts of Gujarat. The development of an efficient and low-cost screw press type briquetting machine appropriate for rural peoples of developing countries was carried out. The four combinations with different proportions of raw biomass such as mahua seed deoiled cake, coal, rice husk and grass were used to produce briquette C1 (70:10:10:10), C2 (50:20:20:10), C3 (100:0:0:0), and C4 (50:0:50:0), respectively. The properties of briquettes were determined as the density of briquettes, shatter resistance, tumbling resistance, water retention test and calorific value. The highest resistance to water penetration was observed for combination C1 briquettes as 52.20% because mahua Doc has less porosity and high density. Combination C4 briquettes were observed for a maximum degree of densification and maximum energy density ratio as 31.37% and 1.1, respectively. Tumbler resistance and shatter resistance were observed maximum for combination C1 as 86.70% and 99.82%, respectively which comprises 70% mahua Doc, 10%, coal, 10% rice husk and 10% grass. A high calorific value was found 3946.43 kcal/kg in combination C3 (100:0:0:0) because briquette made of 100% mahua Doc. The addition of Mahua Doc matter in the briquette was found better results as an increase in calorific value, water retention, shatter and tumbling resistance.

Impact of coal mining on land use dynamics and soil quality: Assessment of land degradation vulnerability through conjunctive use of analytical hierarchy process and geospatial techniques

AbstractCoal is the major source of energy in India, where 66% of the thermal power is generated from different grades of coal. The surging energy demand for domestic and industrial sectors has accelerated coal production through intensive coal mining from existing mines and there is exploration for potential areas across the Country. More than 80% of the coal excavated from open cast mining, which is a damaging form of mining that is often associated with undesirable land use changes, soil degradation, and deforestation and is responsible for other environmental degradation. The present study has been conducted in Manendragarh coal mining area located in northern Chhattisgarh, Central India using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geospatial tools. LANDSAT‐TM and OLI satellite data from 1990 and 2020 were digitally analyzed applying a maximum likelihood supervised classification technique in ERDAS IMAGINE and Arc‐GIS platforms. Spatial analysis of satellite data revealed that the area under forest, agriculture‐fallow, and waterbodies fell by 14.5%, 12.9%, and 2.52%, respectively, due mainly to conversion into degraded land, while the mining area and built‐up areas were proportionally enhanced by 3.2% and 0.59% between 1990 and 2020. The intense mining resulted in deterioration of soil health, where the organic C, pH, and soil depth were considerably decreased in mined sites and degraded lands, compared to agricultural and forest areas. The major determinant biophysical, topographic, and soil factors were integrated in a GIS platform to derive a land degradation vulnerability index (LDVI), which identified five vulnerability classes. The salient findings of study provides the critical inputs for the policy makers/environmentalists in prioritization and decision‐making for implementing remedial measures for the eco‐restoration of mining degraded landscapes and also the improvement of ecology and environment along with sustainable coal mining.

A framework for evaluating sustainable renewable energy sources under uncertain conditions: A case study

The need for energy sources in India has increased abnormally in recent years due to industrial and societal growth. To meet this demand, it was a necessary choice of renewable energy sources (RESs) as a solution to lack of nonrenewable energy sources. Due to the multiplicity of involved factors, selecting the most appropriate RESs is a multiattribute decision making (MADM) problem. There is a large number of work associated with the development of MADM techniques, especially under ambiguous and uncertain conditions. However, the effective embedding of uncertainty and ambiguity and in decision-making remains a difficult challenge, and thus this study introduces a new framework for solving the problem of selecting the most suitable RESs which is based on the neutrosophic set and TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multicriteria decision-making) method. It also reduces human intervention by being systematically applied. First, it transforms the linguistic terms presented into neutrosophic values and implements systematic techniques to compute missing values in the decision matrix using the case-based technique. Second, it calculates the weight of every linguistic variable as well as those of the decision-makers (DMs) and weighted attributes. Furthermore, it creates an aggregated single valued neutrosophic decision matrix for DMs. Finally, it calculates the overall dominance-degree matrix, derives the overall values, and ranks the alternatives. It is applied to select RESs in Karnataka, India, and the obtained results show that wind energy is the most suitable RES for India, with small hydroenergy second most appropriate.

DICI Engine With Diesel and CNSL Biodiesel Fuel as a Biodegrade Substitute

The most popularly used prime mover is compression ignition (CI) engine, which moves a large portion of the world’s good and majorly uses diesel as a fuel in turn leads ever increasing demand throughout the world wide. Also, one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution is diesel fuel. The resolving solution for this problem is use of renewable fuel i.e. Biodiesel. Biomass in the form of cashew nut shell (CNSL) represents a new energy source and abundant biodegradable source of energy in India. The Biodiesel made from CNSL and its blend with diesel are promising alternative fuel for diesel engine. This paper presents performance evolution results of single cylinder diesel engine with different loads were studied using Diesel and CNSL Biodiesel [with 5 to 30% proportion] blends. The results are compared with neat diesel operation and concluded that 25 % CNSL Biodiesel blend is the optimum.

Role of Renewable Energy in India’s Energy Basket

World is witnessing a trend of countries adopting renewable energy sources viz.a.viz. Fossil fuels dominated energy sources. International Energy Agency believes that by 2025 energy produced from Renewable energy sources will most likely surpass electricity generated by coal. India being one of the largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world is already one of the largest producers of energy from renewable sources in the world with 38%+ of India’s total installed capacity from renewable energy sources. In this study we analyze and review the role that Renewable Energy is going to play in India’s Energy basket. With growing dependence on non-fossil fuels, it’s imperative for industry participants, policy makers, governments and researchers to decipher what is the role that is going to be played by energy produced from renewable energy sources in India’s energy basket from a strategic as well as policy making perspective.

Potential and Achievement of Renewable Energy sources in India

Abstract: Pure and environmentally friendly energy is of significant interest these days. It is one of the key enablements in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), accelerating social progress, and raising the standard of living. This work seeks broad insights into the Indian renewable energy framework, policy, approach, and socio-economic challenges. These include grid-independent and specific activities such as 'Utility-Scale Power Generation, Potential Multiple Geographies in India' and the Government of India's current achievements in advancing renewable energy production. Although much progress and progress has been made in the last decade of alternative energy maturation and expansion, improvements can be sought to increase the use of solar energy for conventional energy sources in India. Keywords: Solar Panels, Solar Energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development Goals, power generation, cleaner fuels

Selection of a green renewable energy source in India with the help of MEREC integrated PIV MCDM tool

Selecting the best renewable energy (RE) sources are often considered as a critical task in the field of decision-making. Renewable energy depends on certain conflicting factors that might divert the proper selection of the best one. Hence, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) would be the appropriate choice to treat this kind of confusing situations. In this article, a real-time decision-making problem is considered regarding the proper selection of a RE power plant in India. The main objective is to propose the suitable RE power plant that should be established in India based on six most important factors with the help of integrated MEREC-PIV MCDM tool. Here, five alternatives RE sources are considered and the best one is chosen based on the suitability of the Indian climatic conditions with the help of PIV, and MEREC is utilized to determine the objective weights of the six criterions. The final results show that, hydroelectric power plant would be the appropriate choice, whereas, biomass energy is the worst among the five alternatives. A ranking order of the alternatives is also proposed showing from highest to lowest rating. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to validate the outcome results and ranking.

A review on impact of distributed generation penetration in deregulated electricity market having renewable energy sources in India

Nowadays it is seen that, distributed generation (DG) system based on conventional energy sources and renewable energy sources (RESs), specially using solar energy, is playing an important role to match load demand across India. Energy policies are promoting renewable energy resources and in the coming time to increase the energy efficiency, DGs installation and RESs scheme will play a vital role. It can be observed that India’s load rate is increasing rapidly day by day. Unplanned management made without planning can adversely affect the grid and put a serious load demand on the power grid. Distributed generation systems can be very useful to avoid such problems, especially if we use renewable energy. In this paper, we have mentioned about how we can manage the load demand and how to meet the power supply of the people using the distributed generation. In this review, strength, stability and reliability of distributed generation (DG) system is discussed with different aspects including different scenarios. This analysis shows a major action on the power system planning and working of the grid system. Recent works are included in this review. Different steps have also been taken for the integration of DGs with various scenarios in electric power systems. The main objective of this review is, how to achieve better integration of flexible demand and demand response, so that demand side Management (DSM) with the help of distributed generation can be fulfilled and create grid proficiency. Different challenge in DG system has also been mention in this research.

Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives

Biodiesel is considered as a key prospective renewable energy source in India. Hence, a study was carried out for the improvement of palm kernel oil biodiesel production using a transesterification process at different molar ratios. This study comprehensively examined all aspects of biodiesel from optimum production to the effect of additives on its combustion behavior. The optimum yield condition was validated with the MINITAB-17 software and analyzed using the Taguchi method. Two different additives, 5% diethyl ether (DEE) and 2000 ppm Butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), were also experimented. Engine experiments were conducted at constant speed (1500 rpm) and five different engine loads (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Heat release rate, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, engine emissions, such as CO, HC, NOx, and smoke opacity were analyzed. The maximum palm kernel oil (PKO) biodiesel yields, obtained at 55 °C, for the KOH and NaOH catalysts were 86.69% and 75.21% at the molar ratio of 6:1. B20BHT combustion showed 4.6% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE). NOx emission was reduced by 19.4%, compared to the diesel fuel values. DEE resulted in higher CO and HC emissions compared to diesel fuel values by 39.2% and 7.6%, respectively, whereas smoke emission was improved by 11.5%.

Implementation of Algorithm on MPPT

Solar energy is a potential energy source in India. A photovoltaic is a efficient way to cure the energy in a huge amount and keep to gather that kind of energy for future, and the PV must have good efficiency. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a process that tracks one maximum power point from array input, in which the ratio varies between the voltage and current delivered to get the most power it can. Several algorithms have been developed for extracting maximum power. To increase its efficiency many MPPT techniques are used. Incremental conductance is one of the important techniques in this system and because of its higher steady-state accuracy and environmental adaptability it is a widely implemented tracked control strategy. This research was aimed to explore the performance of a maximum power point tracking system that implements the Incremental Conductance (IC) method. The IC algorithm was designed to control the duty cycle of the Buck-Boost converter and to ensure the MPPT work at its maximum efficiency. From the simulation, the IC method shows better performance and also has a lower oscillation.

Empirical investigation and validation of sustainability indicators for the assessment of energy sources in India

Continuously increasing population, industrialization and urbanization drastically lead to the destruction of natural resources and fossil fuels. Therefore, for energy security and a clean environment, there arises a need to tap sustainable energy sources on a large scale. The evaluation of sustainable energy sources depends on sustainability indicators. To know the indicators from the Indian perspective, the present work initially identifies the indicators through a literature survey and discussions with experts. Further, a survey needs to be conducted to identify the effective criteria from Indian perspectives. For the survey, 93 indicators are categorized into 15 main factors. Academicians, environment experts, industry experts, experts from NGO, engineers, and investors from India are selected to give their opinions about the importance of the indicators according to their usability, practices and relevancy from Indian perspectives. The survey results are then ranked the indicators from highly unsuitable to highly suitable category based on the sustainability importance index (SII). The present study results on twenty-six highly suitable indicators only. These indicators are mainly corresponding to the economic, technical, environmental, social, political, and flexible factors. The analytically and statistically validated sustainability indicators are further employed for the evaluation of most sustainable energy sources in India. The outcome of this study will be helpful for the policy and decision makers, to formulate diverse energy strategies which in turn will contribute for sustainable development of the country.

Life cycle sustainability assessment of crude oil in India

Integrating sustainability into the process of the supply chain is a paramount challenge for every industry aiming to thrive or survive in this ever-changing world. Sustainability is more relevant for the oil industries because oil is one of the leading sources of energy in India. The demand for fuels is increasing at a fast rate even though it is one of the non-renewable resources. The main focus of this study is to carry out the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) of the crude oil in India and to assess its performance from well-to-tank, i.e., from the extraction of crude oil till the dispatch of finished fuel from storage. The LCSA is considered to be an appropriate tool for accessing the three aspects of sustainability which are environment, economic, and social. According to the study, the majority of emissions are from the oil refining phase and transportation phase. For performing the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) a new economic method has been developed for this study. As far as the social aspect is concerned, it was found that the industries have established a strong relationship with their stakeholders but there is the scope of improvement in various subcategories. An integrated framework model for LCSA of crude oil is presented based on the outcomes of this study. Sustainability measures are also suggested which can lead to environmental, economic, and social sustainability.

Performance Assessment Based on the Relative Efficiency of Indian Opencast Coal Mines Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index

Coal is the primary source of energy in India. Despite being the second-largest coal-producingcountry, there exists a significant difference in demand and production in India. In this study, the relativeefficiency of twenty-eight selected opencast mines from a large public sector undertaking coal companyin India for 2018–2019 was assessed and ranked by using data envelopment analysis (DEA). This studyused input-oriented DEA with efficiency decomposition to pure technical efficiency, technical efficiency,and scale efficiency. The result showed that 25% and 36% of mines were efficient in technical efficiencyand pure technical efficiency, respectively, whereas the eight mines scale efficiency was inefficient witha decreasing return to scale. Further, in this study, theMalmquist Productivity Index (MPI)was employedto measure the efficiency of the selected mines for three consecutive years (2016–2017 to 2018–2019).The result shows that in only three mines the efficiency is continuously improving from 2016–2017 to2018–2019, whereas in more than 20% of mines the efficiency score is decreasing. Comparing theMPIefficiency and productivity assessment throughout the years, changes in innovation and technology areincreasing from 2017–2018 to 2018–2019. Finally, the study concluded with a comprehensive evaluationof each variable with mines performance. The author formulated the strategies, which in turn help coalprofessionals to improve the efficiency of the mine.

ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND UTILITY PRACTICES IN INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

In India, the sources of energy availability to the human development has been advocated since independence, so much so that the adequate quantity and quality of electricity, and measured by per capita consumption, is associated in most economies as a key Human Development Index. It is expected that the nation, which is already in the forefront of urbanization and industrialization in the country, proposes to be a global hub of manufacturing. Such a vision, if continued by successive governments, will leads to a scenario where the demand for electricity is most likely to increase year after year for decades. This Paper attempts to identify the sources of electrical energy in India. The growth of agriculture, manufacturing and service sectors has been possible to modify the energy in every year and also utilization of new technologies in their production. As a result, the electrical energy is leads to greater importance for agriculture and farmers have better control over the availability of energy for productive oriented. Based on the utilization of the energy the audit reports of various departments such as agriculture, corporate and Government etc., and electric utilities are some time at variance in all field. This paper highlights the need for the electricity and strategy for optimum utilization of resource like electrical energy and renewable energy in India and it’s bringing into the plan of action to the corporate and government in India for sustainability.