Sources Of Electromagnetic Fields Research Articles

Dosimetric assessment in the brain for downlink EMF exposure in Korean mobile communication networks

Because the position and direction of the human body is not fixed in an actual environment, the incidence direction of the electromagnetic field (EMF) from mobile communication base stations, WiFi access points, broadcasting towers, and other far-field sources is arbitrary. To analyze the overall health effects of radio frequency EMF exposure, the dosimetric assessment for such environmental exposures created from an unspecified number of sources in daily life, along with exposures from specific EMF sources, must be quantified. This study is aimed at numerically evaluating the time-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of the human brain for environmental EMF exposure in the frequency range of 50–5800 MHz. Whole-body exposure to EMFs that are evenly incident spatially is considered. By comparing the results of several incidence directions and the number of polarizations, an optimal calculation condition has been derived. Finally, based on the results measured in Seoul at the end of 2021, the SAR and daily specific energy absorption (SA) in the brains of both a child and an adult for downlink exposures from 3G to 5G base stations are reported. Comparison results of the daily brain SA for exposure to DL EMF in all 3G to 5G mobile networks and exposure to a 10-min voice call (uplink EMF) using a mobile phone connected to a 4G network show that the SA from the downlinks is much higher than that from the uplinks.

Analyzing the SAR in Human Head Tissues under Different Exposure Scenarios

This paper deals with the assessment of induced specific absorption rate (SAR) in various human models under different exposure scenarios, including both laboratory measurements and simulations. Firstly, SAR values were measured in a standardized SAR laboratory using a phantom for two radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) sources at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. These laboratory measurements served as a reference for SAR calculations conducted on a specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) using a computer simulation technology (CST) program, thus enabling the determination of antenna location and excitation signal levels for further evaluation. Subsequently, simulations were carried out with CST to evaluate average SAR for the head and for specific head tissues such as the brain, muscles, and fat. Realistic computational human models were also used alongside SAM in CST to explore the influence of gender, age, and tissue type on SAR. Various power levels representing low, moderate, and high RF-EMF exposure were applied to the human models to compare against basic restrictions and reference levels. The simulation results indicate significantly higher SAR values calculated for 1800 MHz compared with 900 MHz. The ratio of the highest SAR values at 1800 MHz to 900 MHz is approximately 1.70 for a baby, 2.59 for a child, and 2.84 for both adult female and adult male. While the SAR values for the brain, fat, muscle, and head are comparable at 900 MHz for the baby, the brain’s SAR value at 1800 MHz stands out significantly from the other tissues. In contrast with the baby, the difference in SAR values between 900 MHz and 1800 MHz is more pronounced for the child, adult female and adult male. The lowest SAR values at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz were obtained for brain tissue in all human models, while the head has the highest SAR value. The maximum SAR change ratio between the brain and the head is calculated to be 4.44 for the male at 1800 MHz. The results reveal that, although the applied electromagnetic field levels were below reference levels for general public local exposure, some local SAR values exceeded the International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection’s basic restriction for the general public at certain power levels, particularly at 1800 MHz. The SAR analysis derived from this study is significant in understanding the impact of wireless technologies on health, establishing safety standards, guiding technology advancement, conducting risk assessments, and increasing public awareness.

Transcriptome profiling of flax plants exposed to a low-frequency alternating electromagnetic field.

All living organisms on Earth evolved in the presence of an electromagnetic field (EMF), adapted to the environment of EMF, and even learned to utilize it for their purposes. However, during the last century, the Earth's core lost its exclusivity, and many EMF sources appeared due to the development of electricity and electronics. Previous research suggested that the EMF led to changes in intercellular free radical homeostasis and further altered the expression of genes involved in plant response to environmental stresses, inorganic ion transport, and cell wall constituent biosynthesis. Later, CTCT sequence motifs in gene promoters were proposed to be responsible for the response to EMF. How these motifs or different mechanisms are involved in the plant reaction to external EMF remains unknown. Moreover, as many genes activated under EMF treatment do not have the CTCT repeats in their promoters, we aimed to determine the transcription profile of a plant exposed to an EMF and identify the genes that are directly involved in response to the treatment to find the common denominator of the observed changes in the plant transcriptome.

Pacemakers, Implantable Defibrillators, and 5G Technology: What We Need to Know.

Pacemakers (PM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are active implantable medical devices (AIMD) needed in case of cardiac arrhythmias. Given their potentially life-sustaining nature, the interaction between any source of electromagnetic field and these AIMDs is an ongoing concern of patients, industry, and regulators. According to the current regulatory framework, the required immunity of PM and ICD provides a reasonable unperturbed behavior in the presence of cell phones and base stations that use pre-5G technologies. PM/ICD international standards do not consider some peculiar characteristics of 5G technology and some of the 5G technology frequency bands (those above 3 GHz), since these frequencies are considered not to add risks to the AIMD functioning. Here we analyze the theoretical issues about the interference between 5G technology and PM/ICD and propose an experimental approach to perform a measurement campaign.

Exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field induces a response of the honey bee organism on the level of enzyme activity and the expression of stress-related genes.

There are many artificial sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) in the environment, with a value between 100 MHz and 6 GHz. The most frequently used signal is with a frequency of around 900 MHz. The direction of these changes positively impacts the quality of life, enabling easy communication from almost anywhere in the world. All living organisms in the world feel the effects of the electromagnetic field on them. The observations regarding the influence of a RF-EMF on honey bees, describing the general impact of RF-EMF on the colony and/or behavior of individual bees, such as reduction in the number of individuals in colonies, extended homing flight duration, decrease in breeding efficiency, changes in flight direction (movement of bees toward the areas affected by RF-EMF), increase in the intensity and frequency of sounds characteristic for those announcing the impending danger. In this work, we describe the changes in the levels of some of the stress-related markers in honey bees exposed to varying intensities and duration of RF-EMF. One-day-old honeybee worker bees were used for the study. The bees were randomly assigned to 9 experimental groups which were exposed to the following 900 MHz EMF intensities: 12 V/m, 28 V/m, and 61 V/m for 15 min, 1 h and 3 h. The control group was not exposed to the RF-EMF. Each experimental group consisted of 10 cages in which were 100 bees. Then, hemolymph was collected from the bees, in which the activity was assessed AST, ALT, ALP, GGTP, and level of nonenzymatic antioxidants albumin, creatinine, uric acid, and urea. Bees were also collected for the analysis of rps5, ppo, hsp10, hsp70, hsp90, and vitellogenin gene expression. Our study shows that exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field induces a response in the honey bees that can be detected in the level of enzyme activity and the expression of stress-related genes. The response is similar to the one previously described as a result of exposition to UVB irradiation and most likely cannot be attributed to increased temperature.

Influence of the Heterogeneity of Spatial Distribution of Peripheral Radio Equipment of 4G/5G Networks on the Level of Electromagnetic Background Created in Buildings

Known results of studies of the radio frequency electromagnetic background generated in buildings by electromagnetic radiation from the peripheral equipment of 4G/5G mobile communications , including equipment for massive machine-type communication /Internet of things ( mMTC / IoT ) and user’s devices for wireless telephony and data transmission , are based on the use of a model of uniform random distribution of this equipment over the building internal space . The adequacy of this model for the analysis of a number of 4G/5G scenarios is questioned due to the fact that , excluding user’s devices , the main part of the mMTC / IoT peripheral radio equipment located in buildings is distributed along the walls of the premises with a tendency to concentrate them near the intersections of flat surfaces of walls , floors and ceilings . Paper presents the results of comparative estimates of the average intensity of electromagnetic background inside building for different types of distribution of the set of point sources of RF electromagnetic fields over the building interior space : for their uniform distribution over internal space and for two types of heterogeneity of this distribution : for uniform distribution of sources over building internal surfaces and with their uniform distribution along the lines of intersection of these surfaces . Results of this analysis indicate a relatively small effect of the considered types of heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of radiation sources on the estimates of the electromagnetic background average intensity created by these sources inside the building , when using a technique based on the representation of the internal space of a building as a set of solid angles , which internal space separate sections are characterized by the constancy of the sources average space density and by the average conditions for radio waves propagation in the direction of the observation point .

Risk-Based Assessment of 132 kV Electric Distribution Substations and Proximal Residential Areas in the Mangaung Metropolitan Region

Annually, an estimate of 2.3 million workers die prematurely due to occupational injuries and illnesses. In this study, a risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the compliance of 132 kV electric distribution substations and proximal residential areas with the South African occupational health and safety Act 85 of 1993. Data were collected from 30 electric distribution substations and 30 proximal residential areas using a checklist. Distribution substations of 132 kV were assigned an overall compliance value of ≥80%, while a composite risk value of < 0.5 was assigned to individual residential areas. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check for data normality before multiple comparisons and the Bonferroni adjustment was applied. Non-compliances in electric distribution substations were as a result of poor housekeeping and inappropriate fencing conditions. Ninety-three percent of the electric distribution substations (28/30) scored < 75% compliance on housekeeping and 30% (7/30) were non-compliant (<100%) on fencing. Conversely, there was compliance in the proximal residential areas concerning the substations. Statistically significant differences were found when substation positioning and surrounding infrastructure (p < 0.00), electromagnetic field sources (p < 0.00) and maintenance/general tidiness (p < 0.00) were compared. A peak risk value of 0.6 was observed when comparing the substation positioning with proximal electromagnetic field sources in the residential area. Housekeeping and fencing in the distribution substations must be improved to prevent occupational incidents such as injuries, fire outbreaks, theft and vandalism.

Progressive Review of Functional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Efficient EMI Shielding

Nanomaterials have assumed an imperative part in the advancement of human evolution and are more intertwined in our thinking and application. Contrary to the conventional micron-filled composites, the unique nanofillers often modify the properties of the polymer matrix at the same time, bestowing new functionality because of their chemical composition and their nano dimensions. The unprecedented technological revolution is driving people to adapt to miniaturized electronic gadgets. The sources of electromagnetic fields are ubiquitous in a tech-driven society. The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the proliferation of electromagnetic interference as the world embraced remote working and content delivery over mobile communication devices. While EMI shielding is performed using the combination of reflection, absorption, and electrical and magnetic properties, under certain considerations, the dominant nature of any one of the properties may be required. The miniaturization of electronic gadgets coupled with wireless technologies is driving us to search for alternate lightweight EMI shielding materials with improved functionalities relative to conventional metals. Polymer nanocomposites have emerged as functional materials with versatile properties for EMI shielding. This paper reviews nanomaterials-based polymer nanocomposites for EMI shielding applications.

Effects of generalization descriptions on risk perception

The study addresses the effects of generalization descriptions on risk perceptions. In a 1-factorial online experiment, 629 participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group G1 received an excerpt of an original press release from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) regarding mobile phones and cancer, classifying RF EMF as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Group G2 received an additional explanatory text module, and Group G3 received a rewritten text, with both G2 and G3 highlighting that the possible cancer risk only refers to mobile phones. Risk perceptions regarding cell phones and related personal devices, base stations, and high voltage power lines were used as dependent variables measured before and after text reading. Further, the degree to which participants generalized from cell phone-related to other RF EMF exposures was assessed to determine whether this was predictive of their post-text risk perceptions.Regarding risk perceptions, no differences between the three groups were observed after reading the presented texts. Instead, all three experimental groups indicated increased risk perceptions for all electromagnetic field sources. However, we found significant differences according to the prevailing risk generalization belief. Respondents expressing a strong risk generalization belief showed significantly higher risk perceptions for all tested EMF sources (except mobile phones) than subjects with a weak risk generalization belief.

A review on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing nanoparticles activated by uni- or multi-modal dynamic treatment for oncotherapy.

Cancer seriously threatens human health. As compared to normal tissue cells, tumor cells are generally more susceptible to oxidative stress and accumulate higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accordingly, nanomaterials-based therapies that boost intracellular ROS generation have recently been effective in targeting and eliminating cancer cells by causing programmed death. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of ROS-generation induced by nanoparticles and critically examines the associated therapies which can be categorized as uni-modal (chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy) and multi-modal (uni-modal therapy + chemotherapy, uni-modal therapy + uni-modal therapy) therapies. Comparison of the relative tumor volume ratio between the experimental and initial tumor volumes shows that multi-modal therapy significantly outperformed other treatments. However, the limitations of multi-modal therapy are in the difficulties of materials preparation and sophisticated operation protocols, thus limiting its applications in clinical practice. As an emerging treatment modality, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a reliable source of ROS, light, and electromagnetic fields that can be used to implement multi-modal treatments in a simple setting. Therefore, the field of tumor precision medicine is expected to increasingly benefit from these promising and rapidly emerging multi-modal therapies based on ROS-generating nanomaterials and reactive media such as CAPs.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ФОНА НА АНТАРКТИЧЕСКОЙ СТАНЦИИ «ВОСТОК»

The electromagnetic background was measured in living quarters of station «Vostok» located on the Antarctic plateau distant from potential sources of technogenic electromagnetic fields. Level of E-radiation in the range from 0.8 to 8 GHz was determined using integral dosimeter MERA. Based on the results of long-term continuous (one to 4 months) measurements, the mean flux density was equal to 1.5 ± 0.8 nwatts/cm2 that is nearly 7 000 times lower than the admissible level for population adopted in Russia. Antarctic station «Vostok» can be considered as a plausible location of biomedical investigations into the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation.

Development of models of the electromagnetic environment in buildings and urbanized areas

A set of measures and means to control the electromagnetic situation of the environment in the territories of urban development, in buildings and individual premises has been substantiated and developed. The simulation tools show the ability to rationalize the parameters of overhead lines with voltages of 220 kV and below, which will reduce the electromagnetic load in the territories. Modeling the propagation of fields from underground high-voltage lines has established that the values of magnetic fields compared to overhead lines are lower up to 30 times. Models of propagation of electromagnetic fields of very high and ultrahigh frequency were built. Sources of electromagnetic fields of non-production origin in industrial buildings have been investigated. Uncompensated currents in power networks with nonlinear electric consumers generate magnetic fields by induction of 0.35−1.20 μT, which exceeds the maximum permissible levels of operation of computer equipment. Leakage currents on grounded metal structures generate magnetic fields with 1.52−6.75 μT. Simulation of the propagation of electric and magnetic fields of components of personal computers of controlled ranges according to the MPRII standard was carried out. Models of propagation of the magnetic field of industrial frequency around electric motors and generators with their cross sections were built. On the basis of such models, design schemes for placing equipment in production areas are selected or places of safe stay and movement of personnel are selected. The expediency of using shielding to reduce field levels to safe values due to coating surfaces with liquid protective mixtures was shown. Metal-containing composition based on water-dispersion paint makes it possible to reduce the level of magnetic field of industrial frequency by 2.5−2.6 times, electric field by 1.6−1.7 times, electromagnetic field of industrial frequency – by 1.2−1.3 times.

Maxwell to Photonics

The main topic to be addressed is the search for a new source of energy: light. Electromagnetism has been the energy that has most changed civilisation in the last two centuries. The emergence of photonics instead of electronics is a new challenge. Photonics is the clean energy to look for. The 20th century was that of electrons. Several innovations took place through electronics. However, despite these numerous innovations due to the electromagnetic properties of the electron, the 21st century will be that of the photon. The advent of a new generation of innovations arising from the electromagnetic properties of the photon is expected. There is a primordial photon from the light invariance still to be revealed, and a growing photonic market awaiting new properties of the photon. The new perspective lies in discovering electromagnetism where the photon is the own source of electromagnetic fields and self-interacting photons at the tree level are generated. Our proposal is the four bosons electromagnetism[1] . A model based on charge transfer. An enlargement to Maxwell supported upon a general electric charge triad {+,0,-} and an extension to gauge symmetry for a nonlinear abelian gauge theory[2] . Elementary particle physics shows several reactions interchanging positive, negative and zero charges. It yields a physicality considering the charges set {+,0,-} mediated by four gauge bosons. A quadruplet physics manifested by photon, massive photon and charged photons. A new EM energy is to be explored. Introducing new electromagnetic sectors beyond Maxwell as nonlinear EM, neutral EM, spintronics, weak interaction, and photonics. The basis for photonic engineering.

The Electromagnetic Mapping of the City of Beiuș

The paper presents a method of the electromagnetic mapping for a locality- City of Beiuș from Bihor County. For this activity, it is first necessary to identify the public electromagnetic field sources. Then the measuring devices must be chosen and made the measurements. Finally, the values obtained for the electric and magnetic field sizes are integrated into a digital map that will be available to those interested. The authors have also taken photos of the sources for easier identification on in the city territory.

Changes in the histopathology and in the proteins related to the MAPK pathway in the brains of rats exposed to pre and postnatal radiofrequency radiation over four generations

The development of new technologies and industry increases the number and variety of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources. Researcher are increasingly interested in the effects of EMF on brain health. The brain's function is largely dependent on electrical excitability, so it would be expected to be vulnerable to EMF. We therefore investigated the effects of brain development in the fetus, histopathological changes in female rats and the hippocampal level of MAPK proteins in male rats after exposed to pre and postnatal 2450 MHz continuous wave (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) over four generations. Four groups; sham, irradiated female, irradiated male, irradiated male and female, with each consisting of four rats (one male and three females) were created. Rats in the exposure groups were whole-body exposed to 2450 MHz CW-RFR for 12 h/day during the experiment. Irradiation started one month before fertilization in the experimental group. On the 18th day of the gestational period, one pregnant rat from each group was decapitated under general anesthesia and the fetuses were taken. The remaining two pregnant rats completed the normal gestation period. When the offspring were two months old, four rats, one male and three female, were allocated for the second generation study. Next generation animals were also experienced the same processes as the first generation rats. This study were evaluated development of brain in fetuses and histopathological changes in brain of female rats using haematoxylin eosin staining, and the hippocampal level of MAPK proteins in brain of male rats by Western Bloting. We observed hemorrhagic areas, irregular cellular localization and vascular structures in the brain of fetal and adult female rat of exposed groups in the all generations. pERK, ptau, pJNK and pP38 were increased in the brain of adult male rat of exposed groups in the all generations (p < 0.005). Pre and postnatal 2450 MHz continuous wave radiofrequency radiation exposure may cause changes in the function of the MAPK pathway affecting cognitive processes such as learning and memory and may cause damage to both the fetus and adult brain tissue. Also, EMF may have potential to affect brain of future generations.

Review of rationales for the introduction of the “Geophysical electrodynamics” term

Background. The article provides arguments for the introduction of the “geophysical electrodynamics” term.Aim. To justify the introduction of a new term “geophysical electrodynamics”.Methods of substantiation. The limits of the applicability of Maxwell’s equations are studied. Additionally, some concepts are introduced, in particular, about a new paradigm in electrodynamics, about new equations in geophysical electrodynamics, about the differences between new electrodynamics and Maxwell’s electrodynamics, about the sources of toroidal and poloidal electromagnetic fields, about toroidal currents in Maxwell’s equations, about non-power electromagnetic fields, about the quantum effect in non-power electromagnetic fields, toroidal fields in the core of the Earth, mathematical achievements in the new paradigm, about the reproduction of sources of the electromagnetic field of the Earth, and effects in classical electrodynamics explained by geophysical electrodynamics.Results. Responses to the above justifications were received.Conclusion. Physical and mathematical justifications for the introduction of the term “geophysical electrodynamics” find confirmation both in the natural electromagnetic field of the Earth, and in a number of long-known classical effects in the standard Maxwell’s electrodynamics. Small but fundamental differences of one electrodynamics from another will reduce the number of effects unexplained from the standpoint of Maxwell’s equations, encountered in both theory and experiments on Earth.

Hygienic Assessment of Population Health Effects of Cellular Base Stations: A Literature Review

Introduction: A cellular base station is a sophisticated object, a source of radio and industrial frequency electromagnetic fields and of noise pollution. Cell sites generate a complex, time-varying, modulated multi-frequency signal of low intensity, yet having local gradients. The World Health Organization has introduced the notion of electromagnetic pollution of environment, the main source of which is a mobile phone base station. It is the fastest-growing anthropotechnogenic environmental impact since the 1950s. Objective: To analyze the impact of mobile phone base stations on the health of population using data of domestic and foreign literary sources. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted for the years 2008 to 2022 on human health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from cellular base stations using the relevant keywords in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI, and other databases. The initial sample included 50 articles, of which 15 were excluded after primary screening. Experimental studies on animals were not eligible for inclusion. Results: The review of 35 full-text publications on the topic revealed a sufficient amount of evidence of adverse health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, including the radio frequency sickness, cancer, changes in biochemical parameters, DNA damage, etc. Currently, there is an urgent need to resolve the problem of the so-called electrosmog. Conclusion: In order to prevent the diseases associated with the use of novel technologies, it is important to apply a preventive approach by limiting the exposure of groups at risk, such as children, adolescents, patients with chronic diseases etc., to sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.

Assessment of the effect of electromagnetic radiation from cell phones using the Daphnia magna test object

Currently, the problem of electromagnetic safety of the population has acquired social significance and is an urgent issue for the modern development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as for other countries of the world. Environmental exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phones has rapidly increased in the last two decades and this trend is expected to continue. Modern technologies have become a source of electromagnetic pollution generated electromagnetic fields. Due to the increase in technogenic processes and their influence on the Earth’s electromagnetic field, the topic of the influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms has been increasingly studied. All sources of electromagnetic fields, as a rule, are a source of complex electromagnetic radiation that affects plants, animals, insects and soil flora in the zone of influence of electromagnetic fields. The effect of the electromagnetic fields emitted from cell phones on living organisms and human health have become one of the most important topics for research because cell phones are widely used all over the world. In many countries, cellular communication occupies a special place among anthropogenic sources of electromagnetic radiation. A cell phone is a small-sized transceiver operating in the 900/1800 MHz range, which refers to damaging environmental factors. The influence of electromagnetic radiation of cell phones on the abundance of Daphnia magna was investigated. Radiation effects are clearly evident in the toxicology study with Samsung Galaxy J7 and Vivo V 20 cell phones. During the experiment, the radiation of these models of cell phones was established, and the abundance under the influence of Vivo V 20 was higher than under the influence of Samsung Galaxy J7, but lower than in the control group. Key words: electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic fields, cell phone, Daphnia culture, amount, hydrobionts.

Computational Analysis of a Multi-Layered Skin and Cardiac Pacemaker Model Based on Neural Network Approach.

The presented study discusses the possible disturbing effects of the electromagnetic field of antennas used in mobile phones or WiFi technologies on the pacemaker in the patient’s body. This study aims to obtain information on how the thickness of skin layers (such as the thickness of the hypodermis) can affect the activity of a pacemaker exposed to a high-frequency electromagnetic field. This study describes the computational mathematical analysis and modeling of the heart pacemaker inserted under the skin exposed to various electromagnetic field sources, such as a PIFA antenna and a tuned dipole antenna. The finite integration technique (FIT) for a pacemaker model was implemented within the commercially available CST Microwave simulation software studio. Likewise, the equations that describe the mathematical relationship between the subcutaneous layer thickness and electric field according to different exposures of a tuned dipole and a PIFA antenna are used and applied for training a neural network. The main output of this study is the creation of a mathematical model and a multilayer feedforward neural network, which can show the dependence of the thickness of the hypodermis on the size of the electromagnetic field, from the simulated data from CST Studio.

Application of photogrammetry reconstruction for hyperthermia quality control measurements

PurposeHyperthermia is a cancer treatment in which the target region is heated to temperatures of 40–44 °C usually applying external electromagnetic field sources. The behavior of the hyperthermia applicators (antennas) in clinical practice should be periodically checked with phantom experiments to verify the applicator’s performance over time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of photogrammetry reconstructions of 3D applicator position in these quality control procedure measurements. MethodsPhotogrammetry reconstruction was applied at superficial hyperthermia scenario using the Lucite cone applicator (LCA) and phased-array heating in the head and neck region using the HYPERcollar3D. Wire-frame models of the entire measurement setups were created from multiple-view images and used for recreation of the setup inside 3D electromagnetic field simulation software. We evaluated applicator relation (Ra) between measured and simulated absolute specific absorption rate (SAR) for manually created and photogrammetry reconstructed simulation setups. ResultsWe found a displacement of 7.9 mm for the LCA and 8.2 mm for the HYPERcollar3D setups when comparing manually created and photogrammetry reconstructed applicator models placements. Ra improved from 1.24 to 1.18 for the LCA and from 1.17 to 1.07 for the HYPERcollar3D when using photogrammetry reconstructed simulation setups. ConclusionPhotogrammetry reconstruction technique holds promise to improve measurement setup reconstruction and agreement between measured and simulated absolute SAR.