Source Of Dye Research Articles

Refining the Production Date of Historical Palestinian Garments Through Dye Identification

The dyes used to produce two Palestinian garments from the British Museum’s collection attributed to the late 19th–early 20th century were investigated by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Palestinian embroidery is a symbol of national identity and the topic of scholarly research. However, little attention has been given to the dyes and how these changed with the introduction of new synthetic formulations in the second half of the 19th century. The results revealed the use of natural indigoid blue and red madder (Rubia tinctorum), in combination with tannins. Yellow from buckthorn (probably Rhamnus saxatilis) and red from cochineal (probably Dactylopius coccus) were found mixed with synthetic dyes in green and dark red embroidery threads, respectively. Early synthetic dyes were identified in all the other colours. These include Rhodamine B (C.I. 45170), Orange II (C.I. 15510), Orange IV (C.I. 13080), Metanil Yellow (C.I. 13065), Chrysoidine R (C.I. 11320), Methyl Violet (C.I. 42535), Malachite Green (C.I. 42000), Fuchsin (C.I. 42510), Auramine O (C.I. 41000) and Methyl Blue (C.I. 42780). As the date of the first synthesis of these dyes is known, the production date of the garments was refined, suggesting that these were likely to be produced towards the end of the 1880s/beginning of the 1890s. The continuous use of historical local sources of natural dyes, alongside new synthetic dyes, is of particular interest, adding rightful nuances to the development of textile-making practices in this region.

Sustainable approach for the degradation of Contrast dye Evans blue by Enterobacter cloacae strain SD4-1

BackgroundDischarge of dye complexes through industrial effluents continues to be a never-ending problem for the environment. Several degradation techniques have been experimented with, of which utilizing biological entities for the effective degradation of these dye molecules is extensively studied and still being explored. The present study focuses on (i) isolation of bacterial strains from the contaminated agricultural lands (ii) screening the isolates for their decolourization efficiency of Evans blue dye (iii) optimization of culture parameters such as temperature, pH, concentration of dye and nitrogen source for effective decolourization (iv) analysing the effect of degradation of diazo dye Evan's blue by the selected strain using GCMS analysis. MethodsThe bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated agricultural lands in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The collected samples were aseptically transferred to the laboratory and stored for further studies. The collected samples were serially diluted, and the colonies with distinct morphology were pure-cultured. The isolated strains were studied for their efficiency to decolourize the dye Evans blue dye. The strain with higher decolourization efficiency was selected and optimized for parameters such as temperature, pH, nitrogen source and concentration of dye. The degradation of dye by the isolate was analysed by GCMS. Significant FindingsThe investigation unveiled that the strain SD4-1 of Enterobacter cloacae effectively decolorizes Evans blue dye at 37°C and pH 6.0, utilizing Sodium nitrate as the nitrogen source. SD4-1 exhibited an impressive dye decolourization efficiency of approximately 75%. The comprehensive GCMS analysis verified the bacterium's capability to fully degrade the azo dye Evans blue. Consequently, this study concludes that the SD4-1 Enterobacter cloacae strain holds promising potential for the efficient biodegradation of Evan's blue dye. Its application as a highly effective biological agent in the practical removal of dyes from textile industries is envisaged. Notably, this organism demonstrates superior performance in comparison to other studies where a mixture of dyes or consortia of microorganisms were employed for dye decolourization.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the tetraploid medicinal and natural dye plant Persicaria tinctoria

Persicaria tinctoria (2n = 40) is an important traditional medicinal plant and natural dye source within the genus Persicaria. P. tinctoria has been utilized for its antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and tumor treatment properties. Additionally, it has served as a natural blue dye for thousands of years worldwide, and continues to be used in countries such as China and Japan. Here, we assembled a tetraploid chromosome-scale genome of P. tinctoria, organized into two subgenomes: subgenome A, which contains 10 pseudochromosomes with a genome size of 888.67 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 90.56 Mb, and subgenome B, which also comprises 10 pseudochromosomes with a genome size of 771.58 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 76.84 Mb. Repeat sequences constitute 77.9% of the genome. A total of 76,742 high-confidence protein-coding genes were annotated, with 94.28% of these genes assigned functional annotations. This high-quality genome assembly of P. tinctoria will provide valuable genomic resources for studying the biosynthesis and evolution of indigoids in indigo plants, as well as for further research on the Polygonaceae family.

Physicochemical Analysis of Dyeing of Cotton Denim with Natural Indigo Dye from Strobilanthes cusia Using Green Reducing Agents and Alkalis

Strobilanthes cusia is one of many indigo-producing plants with promising and attractive potentials as an alternative source of natural indigo dye due to its dyeability to cotton fibres with high colour strength, and due to its ease of cultivation. The aim of this research was to utilise natural indigo dye from Strobilanthes cusia to dye cotton denim fabric in an environmentally friendly way. The use of D-fructose and D-glucose as well as rice husk ash and lime solutions as reducing agents and alkali sources was explored in this study. The dyeing process was carried out at 30 °C for 30 minutes, followed by the oxidation process in open air for 45 minutes. Colour characteristics and fastness to washing and rubbing were evaluated. The results showed that D-fructose resulted in a higher colour strength than D-glucose, and that lime is better than rice husk ash and even sodium hydroxide in terms of colour strength. The highest colour strength was obtained from the combination of D-fructose and lime solution, with K/S and SUM(K/S) values of 16.02 (at 650 nm) and 8.5 respectively. The colour fastness to washing and rubbing was good for all dyed fabrics, with the staining scale ranging from 3/4 to 4. These results bring a new potential for natural indigo dye from Strobilanthes cusia beyond its current and limited use by traditional dyers to a much larger scale of denim dyeing for an eco-friendly fashion industry.

Valorization of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) peel extract as an agricultural waste for green fabrication of bio-silver nanoparticles on cellulosic fabrics

The global trend toward producing multifunctional textiles using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized through phyto-synthesis, combined with natural dyes from plant extracts, reflects the appeal of eco-friendly, sustainable methods. This study leverages pistachio peel extract (PPE), a rich source of natural dyes, to dye cotton fabrics and enhance their antibacterial properties through microwave-assisted Ag NP synthesis. Ag NPs were synthesized using various ratios of PPE to Ag ions. Characterization of the synthesis process and particle size was carried out using UV–visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), resulting in an average nanoparticle size of 73.5 nm. To optimize the biosynthesis process on cotton fabrics, the response surface method (RSM) was applied via central composite design (CCD). Surface morphology analysis through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed nanoparticles of approximately 70 nm, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed in-situ formation of Ag NPs on the cotton surface. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) offered insights into the chemical interactions involved in this in-situ synthesis. Colorimetric analysis of the dyed samples indicated a shift from yellow (from PPE) to dark brown after the successful incorporation of Ag NPs on the cotton, along with a significant increase in color strength (K/S) from 3.08 to 16.07. Furthermore, cotton fabrics treated with Ag NPs exhibited complete bacterial inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus, achieving 100 % antibacterial effectiveness with inhibition zone diameters of 4.1 mm for E. coli and S. aureus. Additionally, the treated fabrics showed excellent durability, with rub fastness at 4–5, washing fastness at 4–5, and light fastness at 7. Overall, this study presents a sustainable method for dyeing and enhancing the antibacterial properties of cotton textiles using PPE and Ag NPs.

Ixora coccinea (jungle geranium): A dual-functioning agent for crystal violet removal from wastewater and dye production

ABSTRACT This study explores the red Ixora coccinea flower, also known as jungle geranium, as an effective adsorbent for removing crystal violet (CV) from synthetic and industrial effluents. Characterization techniques such as FESEM, BET surface area, FTIR, and pHZPC reveal the particle structure and characteristics. The adsorption performance is evaluated using various physicochemical parameters, including temperature, concentration, pH, and contact time. The results indicate rapid adsorption, with 93.73% removal within 15 min and 97.63% at equilibrium after 30 min at neutral pH. The maximum adsorption capacity is 129.23 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model (R2 = 0.999) confirms the chemisorption process, while the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.999) describes the adsorption pathway. Thermodynamic analysis indicates an exothermic and spontaneous process, with ∆H values between −59.43 and −46.51 kJ/mol and ∆G values from −8.63 to −5.67 kJ/mol. The spent adsorbent can be regenerated in up to 75.26% of cases using a 1:1 MeOH/H2O solution. Practical applications demonstrate effective CV removal in industrial wastewater (54.21%). This work highlights the potential of Ixora coccinea flower extract for both wastewater treatment and as a source of natural dye.

Natural dyes from young coconut coir and nanobubble water and their application to silk threads

Young coconut fiber, which is often overlooked as waste, has great potential as a source of natural dyes that can be used for dyeing silk threads, thus creating new opportunities in the environmentally friendly and sustainable textile industry. Young coconut fiber is rich in active compounds such as saponins, phenols, and tannins which function as effective color carriers. The use of young coconut fiber as a natural dye not only provides added value to agricultural waste, but also supports the concept of a circular economy in the textile industry. This research is an experimental study that aims to examine the dyeing effect on silk yarn using young coconut husk extract with nanobubble water solvent. The study involved several stages, including extraction, dye application, fixation, and sample testing. The results showed that dyeing silk yarn with coir extract and nanobubble water, combined with fixation agents such as ferro sulfat, alum, and lime, produced brownish green, beige, and brown colors. In terms of tensile strength, pure silk yarns scored 8.7%, while yarns dyed with nanobubble water and fixation agents had tensile strengths ranging from 7.4% to 12.1%, with samples fixed using alum showing the highest strength. The creep test showed values between 10.1% and 12.3%, with the natural silk yarn reaching 10.8%. The colorfastness test on dyed yarns showed good results, with values between 2 and 5 depending on the fixation material used. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of young coconut husk extract as a sustainable natural dye for silk yarns.

Weeds: A Vibrant Source for Eco-dyeing

The concept of color has consistently played a significant role in developing various human societies globally. It impacts all aspects of our lives, including the clothes we wear. As a result, the synthetic textile colouring industry has grown significantly. On the contrary, there has been a resurgence in the attention towards natural dyes due to the environmental apprehensions of synthetic dyes and their harmful health effects, as natural dyes are perceived to be more sustainable. Weeds are plants that are out of place and undesirable in a particular environment. Converting these plants into valorized products will be an efficient way of managing them. Many weeds have been identified as potential sources of natural plant pigments like anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, and other natural pigments. Using weed plants for dye extraction not only provides an alternative dye source but also helps to reduce weed plant invasion. A variety of natural colours can be extracted from weeds. Furthermore, several invasive species, including wire weed, siam weed, common purslane, etc., can be used to extract different hues and tints.

Dive Into the Vibrant World of Roselle Extraction, Unraveling Its Secrets as a Potent Source of Natural Dye

A perennial plant native to tropical and subtropical areas, roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), also called jamaica in Spanish, can be found in China, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, and Saudi Arabia. The roselle plant is as attractive as it is useful and powerful for improving human health and well-being. Furthermore, there are numerous advantages to roselle, and the plant's aerial components are utilized in a variety of cultures' foods, drinks, and medical preparations. The roselle extraction methods are crucial to optimize the yield. Several methods are highlighted in this review such as supercritical fluid, solvent extraction, and mechanical pressing. The market demand for the roselle was briefly explained. Throughout its lengthy history, its applications have mostly been in the beauty, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The information indicates that the roselle's demands are growing throughout time.

Biological Activities and Potential Applications of Lichens

Lichens are complex organisms that are formed by symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic organisms that can be algae or cyanobacteria. Most are terrestrial, although a few species are aquatic. Lichens have been studied for their production of secondary metabolites with biological activity such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, among others; they have also been used in the cosmetics industry, as a source of natural dyes, they have been considered bioindicators and have been useful in some bioremediation processes, in addition, they are a potential source of enzymes. This review mentions some bioactive compounds of lichens as well as their potential uses, emphasizing some of their biological activities.

Intelligent Packaging Systems with Anthocyanin: Influence of Different Polymers and Storage Conditions

With the aim of meeting the growing demand for safe food, intelligent packaging has emerged, which monitors the conditions of the food and informs the consumer about its quality directly at the time of purchase. Among intelligent packaging options, colorimetric indicator films, which change color in response to changes in the food, such as the release of volatile compounds, have been widely studied. Among them, pH indicator films composed of dyes sensitive to small variations in the pH value of the food surface have received greater attention in recent years. Anthocyanins, which are natural pigments, have stood out as one of the most commonly used sources of dyes in the production of these indicator films. In this context, the present review aims to present an updated overview of research employing anthocyanins in indicator films, including their stability under different storage conditions, the influence of different polymers used in their production, and alternative techniques for maintaining stability.

Nerium oleander Cultivation in Tamil Nadu, India: An Exploratory Study

In Indian traditional medicine, Nerium oleander is a significant medicinal herb. This plant has the potential to be fatal in many situations; poisoning cases have been documented in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and suicide cases are common in South Asian nations, particularly in India and Sri Lanka. The plant is hazardous in all sections and contains a range of cardiac glycosides, such as gentiobiosyl, neriin, oleandrin, cardenolides, and odoroside. Additionally, this plant species produces secondary metabolites with medicinal uses, including steroids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Antibacterial, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, immunopotential, anti-pyretic, antioxidant, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-HIV activity are among the significant pharmacological activities. Nerium indicum is also highly well-liked for its traditional medical applications, which include treating inflammation, wound healing, cancer, asthma, corns, heart disease, and epilepsy. Its bloom is the source of a green dye that is used to cure skin conditions, promote wound healing, and have anti-inflammatory properties. Both ultrasonic transesterification and the magnetic stirrer method have been utilized to produce biodiesel from nerium oleander oil. When administered topically, Nerium oleander's special qualities also have a notable age-defying effect. Nerium oleander to acquire several C and N compounds as well as heavy metals that are frequently produced by cars, including as Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn. Based on the significance of nerium, the study was conducted in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, where there is a greater area dedicated to nerium plant cultivation. The study's focus was on the factors that influence nerium cultivation, the factors that contribute to the volatility of nerium prices, and the challenges that farmers face in terms of production and marketing.

Optimasi Proses Ekstraksi Dan Uji Aplikasi Pewarnaan Kain Menggunakan Pewarna Alami Dari Daun Susupan Gunung (Mimosa pigra L.)

Susupan gunung (Mimosa pigra L.) is a weed that grows wild and is often found in peatlands. This plant can grow in tropical and subtropical regions. Phytochemical analysis of the leaves of susupan gunung has shown that the leaves contain tannin compounds, indicating the potential of these leaves to be a source of natural textile dyes. Natural dyes can replace synthetic dyes in the textile industry, which can pollute the environment due to their carcinogenic nature. This research to find the optimal operating conditions for extracting natural dyes from susupan gunung leaves and to test the dyeing quality of cotton fabric using susupan gunung leaf extract. The variables used in the extraction process are temperature, time, and ratio of raw material to solvent volume. The tannin concentration in the extract was analyzed using the volumetric method and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken model. Fabric dyeing was performed using alum, iron, and calcium as mordants after dyeing the fabric. The result of this research indicate that the optimal operating conditions are at a temperature of 77oC, a time of 40 minutes, and a raw material to solvent volume ratio of 1:8, with a tannin concentration of 0,004 g/ml. The best fabric dyeing quality results were obtained using alum mordant, with a colorfastness rating of 4-5 (good) for washing and a colorfastness rating of 5 (very good)for rubbing.

Penentuan Kondisi Operasi Optimum Proses Ekstraksi Zat Warna Alami Dari Daun Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum) Serta Penentuan Jenis Dan Konsentrasi Pengawet Ekstrak

Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum) is a common wild plant found in shrubs. This plant has the potential to be a natural dye source, as its leaves contain tannins, flavonoids, saponins, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. The use of natural dyes in textiles needs to be massively enhanced to reduce the negative impact of synthetic dyes on the environment. This experiment aims to determine the optimum operating conditions for extraction and to determine the effective concentration of preservatives to inhibit biodegradation reactions in natural dye extracts from Senduduk leaves. Variables observed in the extraction process include time, temperature, and the ratio of the weight of the material to the solvent. The content of natural dyes in the extract was analyzed using gravimetric methods. The optimization of natural dye content with time, temperature, and the ratio of the weight of the material to the solvent volume was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken model. To determine the concentration of preservatives, chitosan and tannic acid were added to the natural dye extract, and storage was conducted for 20 days. Every 2 days, the extract was taken for analysis of natural dye concentration using gravimetric methods. The results of the study indicate that the optimum operating conditions for extraction were 45 minutes of time, 90°C temperature, and a ratio of the weight of the material to the solvent volume of 1:10 g/mL resulted in a natural dye content of 19.164%. The most effective preservative used to preserve natural dye extracts from Senduduk leaves is 0.50% tannic acid.

Conservation of Food, Medicinal and Dyes Crops Based on Local Community Wisdom in Mareje Village, West Lombok

Mareje Village, located in Sheet District, West Lombok Regency, NTB, Indonesia, is one of five villages and sub-districts in the Sheet District area. Nature protection is carried out to care for and protect natural resources, including flora, fauna, ecosystems and the environment. It involves a series of actions to ensure the sustainability and balance of ecosystems and natural habitats. This research aims to identify various food, medicinal and dye plants that have long been part of the conservation practices of the Mareje Village community. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collected through trusted online sources, as well as interviews and questionnaires with local residents. The research results show that the people of Mareje Village still rely on various plants as a source of food, dyes and medicine. This includes rice, corn, cassava, taro, long beans, peanuts, green beans, and sweet potatoes for food; turmeric, pandan, katuk leaves, butterfly pea flowers, and dragon fruit for coloring; as well as white binahong, cat's whiskers, castor leaves, Chinese betel leaves, katuk leaves, black turmeric, bridal flowers, and horsewhip for medicine.

Extraction of Natural Dye using Peels of Citrus Fruits for Enhancing Color Fastness of Fabrics

The current study investigates the extraction of dyestuff using citrus fruits and assesses its color, light, rubbing, and perspiration fastness. For the experimental study, three types of citrus fruits—orange, lemon, and grapefruit—were chosen to extract dye from their peels. The dye was applied to two types of fabrics (100% cotton and a blended fabric made of polyester-cotton (PC) with a ratio of 50:50) using the conventional aqueous method. The results revealed the remarkable efficacy of orange dye on both fabric types, demonstrating excellent color fastness attributes, with a minor preference for PC fabric in washing fastness. In contrast, lemon dye displayed better washing fastness properties on the tested materials as well as considerable staining potential. Grapefruit dye performed exceptionally well in terms of water and perspiration fastness. Future research could focus on improving dye extraction techniques for citrus fruits to increase color absorption and penetration. Determining various solvents, time duration for dyeing, and temperature settings could enhance the dyeing performance and effectiveness of natural dyes in different industrial applications. Further studies could also conduct life cycle assessments to measure the environmental impact of using citrus peels as a natural dye source compared to synthetic dyes in the textile industry.

Sustainable Assessment of Bio-Colorant from Bakain Bark (Melia azedarach L.) for Dyeing of Cellulosic and Proteinous Fabric.

The current study proceeded to reduce the environmental hazards spreading worldwide due to synthetic dyes. To overcome these problems, eco-friendly natural dyes are introduced as alternative sources of synthetic dyes. The present study was focused on exploring the bio-colorant of the aqueous and acidic extract of the bark of Melia azedarach L. for the dyeing of both silk and cotton samples. The results of the extraction medium specified that the aqueous extract gave maximum colorant solubility and upon fabric dyeing produced higher color strength in contrast to the acidic medium. The optimization experimentation data showed that excellent color strength of silk fabric was found at 45 min dyeing time duration, in 35:1 mL dye extract, and using 2% salt (NaCl) as an exhausting agent, whereas cotton fabric showed the maximum K/S value at 60 min dyeing time, in a 45:1 mL liquor ratio, and with the use of 2% salt. Bio-mordants produce different shades on both fabrics. Bio-mordanting experiments on silk revealed that pre-mordanting with 2% turmeric and 3% pomegranate, and post-mordanting using 3% turmeric and 2% pomegranate produced a darker shade. In the case of cotton, the pre-mordanted samples with 2% turmeric and 3% pomegranate and the post-mordanted samples with 4% turmeric and 4% pomegranate gave the highest color strengths. All the mordanted samples gave excellent fastness ratings. Overall, it has been found that Bakain bark proved to be an excellent source of tannin. The result of this study showed that it could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly dye source for textile progress.

Eco-friendly Sustainable Dyeing of Tencel Textiles with Plant-Based Bio-Mordant Using Dewberry Fruit Extract as a Source of Natural Dye

Eco-friendly Sustainable Dyeing of Tencel Textiles with Plant-Based Bio-Mordant Using Dewberry Fruit Extract as a Source of Natural Dye

Development of a Combined Protein and Dye Extraction Approach for the Analysis of Keratin-Based Textiles.

Archaeological textiles represent precious remains from ancient culture; this is because of the historical and cultural importance of the information that can be obtained by such relics. However, the extremely complicated state of preservation of these textiles, which can be charred, partially or totally mineralized, with heavy soil or biological contamination, requires highly specialized and sensitive analytical tools to perform a comprehensive study. Starting from these considerations, the paper presents a combined workflow that provides the extraction of dyes and keratins and keratin-associated proteins in a single step, minimizing sampling while maximizing the amount of information gained. In the first phase, different approaches were tested and two different protocols were found suitable for the purpose of the unique workflow for dyes/keratin-proteins: a slightly modified urea protocol and a recently proposed new TCEP/CAA procedure. In the second step, after the extraction, different methods of cleanup and workflow for proteins and dyes were investigated to develop protocols that did not result in a loss of aliquots of the analytes of interest and to maximize the recovery of both components from the extracting solution. These protocols investigated the application of two types of paramagnetic beads, unmodified and carboxylate-coated hydrophilic magnetic beads, and dialysis and stage-tip protocols. The newly designed protocols have been applied to cochineal, weld, orchil, kermes, and indigo keratin-based dyed samples to evaluate the effectiveness of the protocols on several dye sources. These protocols, based on a single extraction step, show the possibility of investigating dyes and keratins from a unique sample of 1 mg or lesser, with respect to the thresholds of sensitivity and accuracy required in the study of textile artifacts of historical and artistic values.

Review on Classification, Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes

India has over 450 plants capable of producing dyes. Dyes from natural sources such as plant leaves, roots, bark, insectsecretions and minerals. Natural dyes are mainly used for dyeing natural fibers such as cotton, wool and silk. Most natural colors have special properties such as antibacterial, low toxicity, allergenicity and UV protection. They have been used since ancient times and are widely accepted in various fields such as food, textiles, fine arts and papermaking. There are currently many different dye extraction methods/processes, including Solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction, etc. All these extraction methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Experimental results show that it performs well with all natural dyes and may be a better alternative to synthetic dyes. In recent years, it has been observed that synthetic dyes have many drawbacks, such as toxicity, pollution, and allergenicity, but natural dyes do not have such drawbacks. This article discusses the types of natural dye sources and their extraction methods, classification, environmental benefits, and other uses.