Clean Water Sources Research Articles

Planetary health as a paradigm shift towards health and well-being

Abstract Planetary health is a concept that focuses not only on human health but wider - on the health of our planet. Health is not only a privilege of human beings. Planetary health emphasizes the interconnected nature of human health and environmental health. This also makes a shift in the direction from human anthropocentricity to a more fair approach - health of the whole planet. Human well-being is dependent on the health of the planet, including clean air, water, and food sources. Paradigm shift towards planetary health promotes a holistic view of health that encompasses social, economic, and environmental factors. It considers the complex interactions between humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems. Planetary health insists on a preventative approach by addressing root causes such as pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. We should be aware of human responsibility linked to terrible symptoms of our Planet like heat waves, fires, droughts, floods... Planetary health approaches underline the importance of sustainable practices that protect the environment, promoting human health, but also actions to achieve that. By adopting sustainable lifestyles, industries, and policies, we can ensure the well-being of current and future generations. Planetary health calls for global collaboration, interconnecting nature, environment and human health challenges. By prioritizing planetary health, we show that we can be less selfish and that we respect nature and the environment. Planetary health insists on a paradigm shift towards a more integrated and sustainable approach using social and nature sciences in a holistic approach. But, we should also use Planetary health concept as a call for peace, which is a condition for all other achievements.

Harnessing Novel Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Aerogel for Efficient Organic Contaminant and Heavy Metal Removal in Aqueous Environments

Ensuring clean water sources is pivotal for sustainable development and the well-being of communities worldwide. This study represents a pioneering effort in water purification, exploring an innovative approach utilizing modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels. These advanced materials promise to revolutionize environmental remediation efforts, specifically removing organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. The study investigates the exceptional adsorption properties of rGO-aerogel, enhanced with cysteamine, to understand its efficacy in addressing water pollution challenges. The characterization methods utilized encompass various analytical techniques, including FE-SEM, BET, FTIR, TGA, DSC, XPS, NMR, and elemental analysis. These analyses provide valuable insights into the material’s structural modifications and surface chemistry. The research comprehensively explores the intricacies of adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and isothermal study to unravel the underlying mechanisms governing contaminant removal. MO and Ni2+ exhibited adsorption of 542.6 and 150.6 mg g−1, respectively, at 25 °C. Ni2+ has unveiled the highest removal at pH 5, and MO has shown high removal in a wide pH range (pH 4–7). Both contaminants have shown fast adsorption kinetic performance on an rGO-aerogel surface. This study aims to identify the synergistic effect of cysteamine and rGO in aerogel formation to remove heavy metals and organic contaminants. These findings mark a significant stride in advancing sustainable water-treatment methods and pioneering in synthesizing innovative materials with versatile applications in environmental contexts, offering a potential solution to the global water pollution crisis.

Decision-Making Process for Tourism Potential Segmentation: A Case Study Analysis

The tourism industry is one of the critical sectors driving regional economic development, creatingjobs, and preserving cultural and natural heritage. The Rembang Regency Government is trying todesign a strategy to increase various tourism potentials that support the tourism industry. Stakeholderscannot optimally manage various tourism potentials in Rembang Regency because the support systemfacilities still need to be improved. Potential tourism segmentation based on facility support systems(SSF) can assist the government in carrying out strategies to increase the potential of the tourismindustry. The main objective of this research is to assist stakeholders in the decision-making processand generate policy advice through tourist mapping results, reducing large-scale tourism industryproblems to a scale that can be understood and acted upon in successful tourism industry marketing.Methods in data collection using literature study and observation with accidental sampling todetermine as many as 20 tours. The K-Means method was chosen to classify tourism potential inRembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The results showed three potential tourism clusters inRembang Regency based on Support System and Facilities (SSF) covering telecommunication, powersource, transportation, waste management, location, clean water source, supporting industry, spatial,hospitality, safety, and security. The results of this study can be used in designing decision-makingstrategies by stakeholders to improve the tourism industry. Increasing the potential of each touristcluster by stakeholders has its advantages and disadvantages.

SOSIALISASI DAN PELATIHAN PENYARING AIR SEDERHANA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SISTEM AIR BERSIH DI DESA KARANG INDAH

The socialization and training of simple water filters in Karang Indah Village is an initiative that aims to improve community access to clean water. The program is designed to empower villagers with the knowledge and skills to build and operate simple water filters. The socialization conducted includes understanding the importance of clean water, the negative impacts of contaminated water, and the benefits of water filtration. Hands-on training focused on the construction and maintenance of water filters using local materials easily found in the village. Participatory and interactive methods were applied to ensure the active involvement of all levels of the community, including youth, housewives, and village leaders. Thus, Bojongmangu Village is expected to be self-sufficient in meeting its clean water needs, creating a healthier environment, and reducing the risk of water-related diseases. This program not only creates infrastructure, but also builds community capacity and awareness of the importance of clean and safe water sources.

Water scarcity and public health concerns in rural India: a case study of Nongpok Sekmai and surrounding villages

This study examines the critical issue of water scarcity and its impact on public health in Nongpok Sekmai and surrounding villages in India. Despite government initiatives to provide universal tap water access by 2024, these villages lack safe drinking water. Traditional sources like open wells are contaminated, and the primary river is drying up due to illegal sand mining and gravel extraction activities upstream. This situation results in a significant public health burden, with villagers facing financial strain due to waterborne diseases and the need to purchase water for basic needs. The study also examines the negative link between on-premise access to safe water and mothers' time spent on water collection. The study highlights the need for a multi-pronged approach. Renewed government efforts to implement the tap water initiative or provide alternative clean water sources like filtration plants or community wells are crucial. Additionally, stricter enforcement is needed to curb illegal mining activities and ensure river sustainability. Furthermore, exploring community-based solutions like rainwater harvesting and raising awareness about waterborne diseases and sanitation practices can empower the population. Addressing this water crisis demands a collaborative effort from the government, local communities, and environmental agencies. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing visual photographic analysis and community engagement to investigate water contamination in Nongpok Sekmai river, Manipur. The findings highlight key contamination indicators such as turbidity, algae blooms, and floating debris, while also addressing the health and social impacts perceived by the local population.

A Preliminary Study of Context Integration as A Determinant in The Effectiveness of Digital Mathematics Games

Contexts in the digital learning environment are one of the crucial components regarding students’ motivation and positive attitude development toward content. Although there is not enough guiding information in the literature about how contexts should be, previous research has shown that even digital game contexts are effective in developing students’ environmental awareness. To reveal the impact of contexts in the digital learning environment, it is necessary to consider the variables regarding the socio-economic and cultural status of the students. Therefore, it can be envisaged that the effect of digital game contexts may differ depending on students’ experiences and social environments. For this purpose, digital games were designed in two different contexts in this research. In these digital games, two opposite contexts were selected. The first context was focused on saving nature and green energy. This context includes different levels of digital games on topics such as solar energy, reforestation, and clean water sources. The second context was focused on unregulated industrial development that negatively affects nature by ignoring it. This context includes different levels of digital games such as building thermal power plants, building chemical factories, and turning forests into fields. Apart from the contexts, the other variables in both games (i.e., gameplay, artistic structure, levels of problem parameters) are the same. At each game level, students were asked to solve mathematical problems regarding ratio-proportion. In this study, the preliminary findings, which were derived from a large experimental study, were presented. The participants of this study were 15 gifted eighth-grade students from Turkey. Among the participants, eight students played the digital game regarding the context of green energy, and the remaining seven students played the digital game regarding the context of unregulated industrial development. Preliminary findings showed that students were more interested in the digital game regarding the context of unregulated industrial development as it included interesting and beneficial topics such as energy generation and economic development. The resident perception of the citizens regarding the acute need for energy generation and economic development rather than saving nature and green energy since Turkey represents a developing country may explain this finding.

The potential of coal mine voids for clean water sources in Nusantara Capital City

PT. Singlurus Pratama operates four mining blocks: Sungai Merdeka, Argosari, Margomulyo, and Mutiara. he Sungai Merdeka block has three voids with significant potential as a source of clean water for Nusantara Capital City (IKN), given its location within the city's development area. Surface water flows from the southern ridge to the north, accumulating in the voids of the Sungai Merdeka block, with a total inflow of 449,218,750 m³ per day. This volume can meet the needs of 1,796,875 to 4,492,187 people. One of the geological formations of the Sungai Merdeka block is the Balikpapan Formation, composed of alternating sandstone and clay with intercalations of shale and limestone, which is likely an aquifer. The water quality in voids 1 and 2 falls into the fairly good category (WQI = 70.07 and 70.77), while void 3 has moderate quality (WQI = 64.76). Thus, the water from the Sungai Merdeka voids can be used for personal and household hygiene, as well as raw water for drinking. Additionally, it can be utilized for recreational water facilities, freshwater aquaculture, livestock, and irrigation. However, the void water in the Sungai Merdeka block is indicated to have formed acid mine drainage, as the exposed void walls are contaminated with oxygen and leached by water. This leads to increased acidity, as indicated by the low pH values of the water. The increased acidity also results in higher concentrations of dissolved metals within the voids, necessitating careful management and treatment to ensure the water’s safety and usability for various applications.

Spring Water Quality in a Flood-Prone Area of Kampala City, Uganda: Insights Furnished by Sanitary and Limnochemical Data

For millennia, springs have provided water for drinking, domestic use, balneological treatment, liminality rites as well as tourist attractions. Amidst these uses, anthropogenic activities, especially urbanization and agriculture, continue to impair the functionality of springs. With the looming decadal climate change, freshwater springs could be a sustainable source of clean water for the realisation of Sustainable Development Goal 6. This paper presents the results of the sanitary inspection and assessment of limnochemical characteristics and quality of water samples (n = 64) from four freshwater springs (coded SPR1, SPR2, SPR3, and SPR4) in Kansanga, a flash flood-prone area in the African Great Lakes region of Uganda. Each sample was analysed for 17 parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, fluorides, sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, orthophosphates, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, potassium, sodium, total, magnesium and calcium hardness) following the standard methods. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated to establish the quality of the water samples based on the physicochemical parameters measured. Based on the sanitary risk assessment results, the springs had medium- to high-risk scores, but most water parameters were within the WHO guidelines for potable water, except for nitrates (in SPR1 and SPR2), hardness levels (in SPR2), and dissolved oxygen (in all the samples). Sampling season and location had significant effects on the limnochemistry of the freshwater springs (p < 0.05). The water quality indices calculated indicated that the water from the springs was of good quality (WQI = 50–57), but there was a reduction in water quality during the wet season. The best water quality was recorded in samples from SPR4, followed by those for SPR3, SPR1, and SPR2. These results provide insights into the contribution of floods and poor sanitation facilities to the deterioration of spring water quality in Kansanga, and the need to leverage additional conservation strategies to support vulnerable communities in the area. Further studies are required to establish the risk posed by trace metals and microbes that may contaminate freshwater in the studied springs, especially following flood events.

Impact of titanium dioxide/graphene in polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite membrane to intensify methylene blue dye removal, antifouling performance, and reusability

AbstractThe development of efficient water purification technologies is a critical research focus driven by the crucial role of clean water sources for ecological sustainability. This study explores the strategic incorporation of nanoparticles within polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes as a promising approach to enhance membrane performance for wastewater remediation. PVDF membranes containing varying ratios of graphene (GR) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites were fabricated via phase inversion method. Characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, and FESEM‐EDX revealed that the 80% GR nanocomposite membrane exhibited desirable structural and functional properties with pronounced sponge‐like morphology and homogenous nanoparticle distribution. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the 80% GR membrane retained PVDF crystallinity while uniquely eliminating TiO2 crystallinity. Subsequently, performance testing demonstrated the 80% GR nanocomposite membrane had the highest water flux and methylene blue dye rejection rates compared to other ratios and the pristine PVDF membrane. Both fabricated membranes exhibited sufficient reusability and antifouling properties. However, 80% GR ratio exhibited superior antifouling properties, indicating its potential as an optimal material for improving membrane hydrophilicity and overall water purification technologies. These findings underscore the strategic utility of GR‐TiO2 nanocomposites for enhancing PVDF membrane performance in sustainable wastewater treatment applications.

Determinants of Stunting in The Under-five in West Nusa Tenggara Province with Multilevel Binary Logistic Regression

Stunting is a form of malnutrition in children that is still a health problem in Indonesia, especially in NTB Province. Based on the results of the SSGI, the prevalence of stunting in children under five years of age in NTB Province was 32.7 percent, up 1.3 percent compared to the previous year. This value has not reached the threshold of 20 percent and the national target of 18.4 percent. This puts NTB Province in the fourth highest position in Indonesia. In 2022, NTB Province recorded the highest percentage in Indonesia for children under six months who received exclusive breastfeeding, which was 79.69 percent. However, the prevalence of stunting in toddlers in NTB Province is still very high. Between districts/cities in NTB Province, there is a fairly high disparity in the prevalence of stunting in children under five years of age. This shows the influence of regions or households so that there is a disparity in the prevalence of stunting in children under five years of age. This study aims to describe the incidence of stunting in toddlers in general and analyze the variables that influence it and its tendencies in NTB Province in 2022 using a multilevel binary regression model. The results of the study showed that the variables of toddler gender, toddler age, history of toddler pneumonia, maternal education level, access to clean drinking water sources, access to proper sanitation, and GRDP per capita had a significant effect

Installation of Clean Water Piping for Resident on Jl. Arjuna, RW 08 and 09, East Labuh Baru, Pekanbaru

Water is a crucial resource for sustaining life; however, access to it through the Regional Drinking Water Company (Indonesian: Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum [PDAM]) remains limited in certain communities. As a result, residents frequently depend on groundwater sourced through independent pumping by households, places of worship, public facilities, private and government offices, and others. An assessment of the buildings on Jl. Arjuna RW 08 and 09, East Labuh Baru District, Pekanbaru, indicates a significant lack of adequate clean water installation systems, highlighting a need for targeted community service efforts. This initiative aims to rectify these deficiencies by drilling wells to establish reliable sources of clean water and installing a comprehensive clean water piping system to ensure effective distribution from the source to the end users, thus aligning with Indonesian National Standards (SNI). The project involves faculty members as part of their commitment to the tri-dharma of higher education, offering both a practical learning opportunity for students and a valuable service to the community.

ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF DIARRHEA IN TODDLERS 0-59 MONTHS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS

Diarrhea is one of the major health problems in children under five in many countries. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, impaired growth, and even death in children under five if not treated appropriately. Puskesmas areas are often the center of public health services, and understanding the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in these areas is important for developing effective prevention and control strategies. The research design is crossectional which aims to analyze the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers 0-59 months. Independent variables in this study are parental education, nutritional status, hand washing habits before feeding, exclusive breastfeeding, clean water sources, and family latrines. While the dependent variable is the incidence of diarrhea. The sampling technique was proportional random sampling. Proportional random sampling. Sample calculation using the lemeshow formula obtained a total of 90 with an anticipated dropout of 10% so that the sample involved in this study was 99. The analysis used was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. The results of the study reported that there was a relationship between parental education, nutritional status, hand washing habits, exclusive breastfeeding, clean water sources, and latrines on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers 0-59 months in the Jayapura Health Center Area, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency in 2024. The most dominant variable associated is the family latrine variable. This research is recommended to further strengthen the role of posyandu and the role of cadres as a form of community mobilization so that the ODF village declaration so that PHBS runs and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers can be overcome

Analysis of Village Fund Management in Efforts to Improve Community Welfare in Setuta Janapria Village, Central Lombok 2020-2022

The allocation of village budget in Setuta Village has not been evenly distributed in each region. Unequal management of village funds causes inequality in development and community welfare. The primary objective of this study was to analyse the impact of village fund management on improving community welfare in Setuta Village, Janapria Sub-district, Central Lombok Regency. This descriptive quantitative research uses primary data collected from 44 households as samples. The results showed that the management of village funds in Setuta Village was not fully in accordance with applicable regulations. The impact of village fund management on community welfare is in the medium category. The positive impact of village fund management can be seen in the education sector, health, health services, and settlement facilities such as the provision of clean water sources for the community. However, the management of village finances has not yet had a significant impact on increasing income, expenses, living conditions, and transportation facilities.

Identification of Groundwater Potential Zone Existence in GAR Housing Using Electrical Resistivity Method

The GAR (Grand Aceh Residence) housing estate is located in Baet Village, Aceh Besar District and was constructed on the land of a pond that has been filled in and is close to the coast. The majority of residents use clean water sources from PDAM because of the difficulty of obtaining clean water. The purpose of the research was to identify potential groundwater zones and determine the conditions. The research method used was electrical resistivity method, SuperSting R8/IP with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. The research was conducted in 3 lines with 6 m spacing. RES2DINV software based on the least square inversion approach was used for data processing. The results obtained show resistivity values varying from 0.1 - 100 Ohm.m with a depth penetration of up to 28.8m. There are 3 lithological layers obtained, namely clay (0.1 - 1.5 Ohm.m), clayey sand (1.5 - 17.7 Ohm.m), and sand (17.7 - 100 Ohm.m). The groundwater presence zone is assumed to be in the sand layer. There are 2 types of groundwater obtained, which are shallow groundwater (phreatic) located from the center to the north of the lines to a depth of ± 13 m and deep groundwater, located varies in the middle of the lines from a depth of ± 15 m to the end with groundwater conditions may still be brackish due to the influence of seawater intrusion with a resistivity value of 0.1 Ohm.m identified to a depth of ± 25 m

Influence of Fractal Disc Filter Flow Channel Parameters on Filtration Performance

The research and development of a new disc filter is a key link in intelligent irrigation systems, the core of efficient and water-saving irrigation development, and also an important joint effort to ensure a clean water source in micro-irrigation systems. In this paper, the independent research and development of the fractal flow passage disc filter was taken as the research object, and the disc filter numerical simulation cell (FLUENT) and artificial intelligence technology (Back Propagation Neural Network) were combined to optimize the filter flow channel parameters, including the tilt angle, the length and height of the bottom of the internal section triangle, the taper, the position and number of buffer slots, etc. A new type of disc filter with lower head loss, larger flow capacity, higher filtration efficiency, and longer running time is proposed. It has certain reference value and promotion significance for the future development and design of high-performance disc filters and their wide use.

From drops to drums: Assessing rainwater storage’s quality and quantity for addressing water demands in dry periods – A case study from Arusha Tanzania

Sustainable Development Goal 6 highlight the importance of providing reliable, affordable, and safe source of clean drinking water and sanitation for all by 2030. In Tanzania there is a dire need of a water supply strategy due to high levels of natural fluoride contamination in ground water (upto 74 mg/L) and the challenge of meeting water demand during 5 months long dry period. This study assesses social and technical feasibility of implementing rainwater harvesting (RWH) along with treatment technologies that includes Denutritor® to remove ammonia/pesticides and ultrafiltration to eliminate carbon. This integrated technology known as “Mbinguni Maji” is aimed for the long-term water storage to supply drinking water throughout the dry season. The methodology involves i) Assessing the technical feasibility of RWH using database from QGIS and Water Productivity Open-access portal (WaPOR) from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; ii) conducting pilot demonstration in 5 different locations in Tanzania; and iii) conducting socio-economic survey for social acceptance of the technology through detailed questionnaires administered to residential homes, medical facilities, schools, hotels, and water kiosk owner. The result indicates that, from technical perspective, there is ample rainfall (average of 1036 mm/year) to supply water throughout the dry season, primarily for drinking and cooking purpose only (upto a maximum of 10 lpcd). The pilot demonstration confirms that the Mbinguni Maji RWH technology produce water that meets WHO water quality standards. The produced water is free from nutrients like carbon and ammonia, ensuring the possibility of long-term storage without bacterial and algal growth. Furthermore, Lab scale demonstration of Denutritor® show promising result of removing nitrite, ammonia even at high elevated temperature (30 °C), which can be effectively applied in Tanzania. In terms of social acceptance, RWH technology is already widely practised in Tanzania during the rainy season. However, the initial investment costs and operation & maintenance (O&M) concerns hinder the usage of RWH technology. Therefore, to ensure the long-term sustainability of RWH technologies, there is a need of development of comprehensive business plan and community awareness campaign.

Evaluation and development of the clean water distribution network in Pancang Village, North Sebatik District, Nunukan Regency

Background: Rapid population growth and the large number of residential developments go hand in hand with the increasing need for clean water, especially drinking water. Basically, a city's development plan is closely related to the availability of clean water in the area, because clean water is a basic human need that is very important to fulfill. However, several consumers in certain villages which are part of the PDAM North Sebatik branch pipe network service area do not receive a clean water supply. With this research, it is hoped that it can provide alternatives/solutions in solving clean water problems, especially for the Pancang Village area, North Sebatik District. Methods: The data needed in this study is data on the population of Sei Pancang Village, North Sebatik District for the last 5 years, data on PDAM customers for the last 5 years, data on clean water needs, data on clean water sources and reservoir volume, as well as map data on the clean water distribution network. The evaluation technique used in this study uses the method with the largest correlation calculation, namely the arithmetic method. The clean water distribution network map will be evaluated using epanet software. Findings: The results of this research are that the population of Sei Pancang Village, North Sebatik District in 2022 will be 5250 people and projections for the number of residents and customers for the next 10 years show that the population will increase to 7018 people. Conclusion: Water use in the development plan year, namely 2023, in the residential area of Sei Pancang Village, North Sebatik District, includes, among other things, an average daily need of 9,045 lt/s, a maximum daily need of 10,402 lt/s, and a peak hour need of 13,568 lt/s. Meanwhile, in 2032 water demand will increase, with an average daily demand of 11,697 lt/second, a maximum daily demand of 13,451 lt/second, and a peak hour demand of 20,177 lt/second. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study develops a predictive model integrating demographic, climate, and infrastructure data to project water demand and optimize distribution. This model can be applied across regions to improve water management efficiency.

Fabrication of chrysanthemums like TiO2@In2S3 S-scheme heterojunction nanostructures for the degradation of methylene blue dye present in aqueous solution

Removal of contaminants from water and wastewater has drawn interest from all over the world because of its enormous impact on the environment as well as the potential threat to human and other biological existence. As a result, the primary objective for humans is to have consistent access to upgraded and clean water sources. In this study, thioacetamide, titanium dioxide, and Indium (III) nitrate n-hydrate were used in the hydrothermal process to produce TiO2@In2S3 hybrid material. The high purity of the TiO2@In2S3 hybrid materials was shown by XRD analysis, UV-DRS has been utilized to study the optical properties of TiO2@In2S3 hybrid materials and the In2S3 sample which reveals that they have a band gap between 1.71 and 1.88 eV. The stoichiometry of the hybrid materials TiO2@In2S3 was confirmed by EDX analysis. Additionally, SEM examination displayed the TiO2@In2S3 hybrid materials’ chrysanthemums morphology. The produced TiO2@In2S3 hybrid materials exhibit complete degradation of MB dye pollutants within 60 min under an LED lamp. The photocatalytic decomposition of MB dye with TiO2, β-In2S3 and TiO2@In2S3 follows a pseudo-first-order process with rate constants of 2.88 × 10−3, 4.67 × 10−3, and 7.73 × 10−2 min−1, respectively. TiO2 and β-In2S3 composites had a synergistic impact, and an appropriate S-scheme charge carrier mechanism was suggested, validating the composite as an economical and effective catalyst for environmental remediation.

Pengaruh Tidak Langsung Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi terhadap Kejadian Stunting di Desa Oetutulu, Kabupaten Rote Ndao

Stunting is a disorder of child growth and development due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections, characterized by a child's length or height below the standard. Indirect causes of stunting include ineffective parenting, health services, food availability, economy, parental education, clean water sources and environmental sanitation. The use of contraceptives is also one of the indirect causes of stunting. In 2023, Northwest Rote Subdistrict experienced 338 incidents of stunting and Oetutulu Village experienced 51 prevalence of stunting caused by a lack of good pregnancy planning, so that the birth distance became too close. This research is an analytic survey research using cross-sectional method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of contraceptive use on the incidence of stunting in Oetutulu Village, Rote Ndao Regency. The results showed that there was a significant influence between knowledge (p=0,034) and attitude (p=0,025) of couples of childbearing age on the use of contraceptives. The use of contraceptives also affects the incidence of stunting in Oetutulu Village, Rote Ndao Regency. It is expected that the community of Oetutulu Village can better plan pregnancy programs and use contraceptives as an effort to reduce the incidence of stunting.

Analysis of The Effect of Floating Net Cages on Reservoir Water Quality

The use of Darma Waduk is as a source of clean water and a place of fish cultivation in the form of net cages. The number of floating net cages that currently exist is 6521, and the number continues to increase quite significantly from the previous year. The existence of floating net cages affects water quality, while water quality is an aspect to be considered in water utilization. The study aims to analyze the impact of floating net cages on water quality and efforts to control the floating net cage population in Darma Waduk. The research uses a quantitative and qualitative approach, starting with surveys and interviews with floating net cage farmers and related services. Subsequently, water samples were taken, and the results of laboratory tests were analyzed using the Pollution Index (IP) method. The results of the calculation using the pollution index (IP) method at the first point (PDAM Intake Area) obtained a result of 4.14, at the second point (around the floating net cage area of the village of Cipasung) a value of 3.76, and at the third point (in the floating net cage village of Jagara) a score of 4.12. The results of the research showed that the water quality taken from the three points of the sample included light pollution when referring to the class I water quality standard according to PP No. 22 for 2021. However, the presence of household and agricultural waste also contributes to the pollution burden in the Darma Valley.