Authoritative Sources Research Articles

Patient routing system in rehabilitation after treatment for oncogynecological pathologies

Background. In recent years, oncogynecological diseases have been diagnosed more frequently in women of reproductive age. Despite the high efficiency of treatment measures, significant shortcomings in the rehabilitation system for such patients are noted.Objective: to present the continuity and features of the rehabilitation system for patients of oncogynecological profile.Material and methods. This review included 75 relevant publications from authoritative sources that presented unique findings. The search was conducted in Russian and foreign online libraries, databases and search engines. PRISMA recommendations were used for search and screening.Results. Oncogynecological patients need special attention in providing them medical care at the recovery stage. It is important to adhere to the principle of continuity between all steps of rehabilitation system: immediately after treatment, in rehabilitation department, and on outpatient stage. This system has been developed in Russia, but it needs scaling and solving a number of problems, ranging from a shortage of rehabilitation doctors, limited use of promising rehabilitation tools to insufficient provision of psychological assistance and the absence of generally accepted comprehensive rehabilitation system. At the same time, there is sufficient set of traditional and high-tech rehabilitation methods to provide highly specialized care.Conclusion. Aggressive treatment of oncogynecological diseases has a detrimental effect on the general well-being of women, significantly reducing their quality of life. Previously, proper provision of rehabilitation care encountered the rigidity of the system both at methodological and administrative levels. Recently, there have been positive shifts in solving problems of providing care to oncogynecological patients, however, the presented measures are not enough to qualitatively change the situation.

Wewenang Pembuatan Akta Tanah oleh Notaris dalam Prespektif Kepastian Hukum

One of the authorities given to a notary as a public official is to create authentic deeds, in addition to other powers determined by law. According to Article 1868 of the Civil Code, an authentic deed is one made by an authorized official in a form specified by law. Both notaries and PPAT (Land Deed Officials) have the authority to create land deeds in accordance with applicable regulations. They play crucial roles and bear significant responsibilities in property transactions, ensuring the validity and legal force of these documents. This research employs a normative legal research method, which examines legal norms. The author aligns with Peter Mahmud Marzuki's view that legal research, or Dutch *rechtsonderzoek*, is inherently normative. Legal research involves searching for and uncovering hidden truths. Based on the discussion, and referring to the source of authority for Notaries through Article 15 paragraph (2) of UUJN, a Notary's authority in creating land deeds should be considered attribution or genuine authority. However, in practice, Notaries cannot make land deeds in the same manner as PPAT because PPAT is a partner of BPN (National Land Agency), posing the biggest limitation for Notaries in creating land deeds. For a Notary to create a land deed, they must hold the same position as a PPAT and obtain permission as a PPAT. Among the eight types of land deeds mentioned in Article 2 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 concerning PPAT Position Regulations, deeds that can be made by a Notary include, among others, the Deed of Sale and Purchase Agreement and the Deed of Power of Attorney to Sell, with the object being land, and the Power of Attorney to Encumber Mortgage Rights (SKMHT). These deeds may be made by a Notary, but their creation must adhere to the laws and regulations governing each position.

Descriptions of Scientific Evidence and Uncertainty of Unproven COVID-19 Therapies in US News: Content Analysis Study.

Politicization and misinformation or disinformation of unproven COVID-19 therapies have resulted in communication challenges in presenting science to the public, especially in times of heightened public trepidation and uncertainty. This study aims to examine how scientific evidence and uncertainty were portrayed in US news on 3 unproven COVID-19 therapeutics, prior to the development of proven therapeutics and vaccines. We conducted a media analysis of unproven COVID-19 therapeutics in early 2020. A total of 479 discussions of unproven COVID-19 therapeutics (hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and convalescent plasma) in traditional and online US news reports from January 1, 2020, to July 30, 2020, were systematically analyzed for theme, scientific evidence, evidence details and limitations, safety, efficacy, and sources of authority. The majority of discussions included scientific evidence (n=322, 67%) although only 24% (n=116) of them mentioned publications. "Government" was the most frequently named source of authority for safety and efficacy claims on remdesivir (n=43, 35%) while "expert" claims were mostly mentioned for convalescent plasma (n=22, 38%). Most claims on hydroxychloroquine (n=236, 79%) were offered by a "prominent person," of which 97% (n=230) were from former US President Trump. Despite the inclusion of scientific evidence, many claims of the safety and efficacy were made by nonexperts. Few news reports expressed scientific uncertainty in discussions of unproven COVID-19 therapeutics as limitations of evidence were infrequently included in the body of news reports (n=125, 26%) and rarely found in headlines (n=2, 2%) or lead paragraphs (n=9, 9%; P<.001). These results highlight that while scientific evidence is discussed relatively frequently in news reports, scientific uncertainty is infrequently reported and rarely found in prominent headlines and lead paragraphs.

Coastal and Marine Management – Navigating islands of data

The disciplines of Coastal Management and Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) are predominantly focussed on creating a regulatory and legislative framework within which national and regional planning policies, climate mitigation measures and environmental monitoring requirements can be effectively implemented. These evidence-based processes necessitate the discoverability, accessibility and integration of appropriate ‘trusted’ coastal and marine data together with contiguous terrestrial datasets. This presents significant challenges at national and local levels. While authoritative open data is often available, the data for any management requirement is often dispersed across a wide range of national online portals, statistical and research hubs, ‘scientific’ platforms and occasionally, private companies. This is exemplified in Ireland, where MSP is in its infancy, and consequently, the breadth of MSP foundational thematic marine data requirements required to comply with this Directive has yet to be fully realised by end-users/stakeholders and data providers. This study examines the nexus between mandatory data requirements of the European Community’s Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) Directive11INSPIRE Directive (2007/2/EC) is a legal EU initiative to establish an INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe and to make geographical information more accessible and interoperable for the management of the environment and other wide range of purposes towards supporting sustainable development (EC, 2021) (2007/2/EC), (EC, 2007) and the evidence-base needs of its Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) Directive (2014/89/EU). An extensive inventory of coastal and MSP thematic data features is identified and categorised (into sectoral/thematic clusters) and appropriate and authoritative online sources (where available) are scoped out. Through an in-depth interrogation of national and EU sectoral platforms or portals, (much of whose data was originally captured for a diverse range of applications and management processes), and in view of INSPIRE’s well-established (legally-binding) data specifications, standards and guidance, a methodology is presented to accelerate coastal and marine data discovery, and to collate or ‘group’ these authoritative data sources under broad but succinct MSP thematic headings. The resulting coastal and marine data catalogue is the first step in the creation of an easy data reference and retrieval tool for Irish coastal and marine practitioners, and presents a model for other nations.

Construction of Expert Image in Genre of Editorial: Discursive Practices

This research focuses on discursive practices employed to construct the expert image within the genre of editorial articles. The expert image aligns with the goals of this textual form. Initially, editorials served as a tool for expressing the publication’s voice and ensuring the status of an independent social institution. While this function has somewhat diminished today, editorials still play a significant role in shaping societal views and values, especially during pivotal political events. Therefore, it is crucial for authors of editorial articles to maintain authority and expert status. Research findings demonstrate that discursive practices such as referencing authoritative sources, highlighting the author’s achievements in discussing the issue at hand, presenting quantitative data, formulating predictions, and recommendations are utilized to shape the expert image in editorial articles. These practices are perceived by readers as elements of expert knowledge, yet they actually belong to distinct realms: expertise and counter-expertise. The author of the article differentiates between expertise, anti-expertise, and counterexpertise.

Everyday Lived Islam among Hazara Migrants in Scotland: Intersectionality, Agency, and Individualisation

The mainstream literature on the religiosity of Muslims in Europe often homogenises this diverse minority. This article diverges by focusing on a less visible ethno-religious minority within the Muslim population, specifically examining how Hazara Shia Muslim migrants from Afghanistan, resettled in the UK, live and organise Islam in everyday contexts. Addressing this gap, the research highlights the intersectionality of religion, ethnicity, and migration in reconfiguring religious practice. Grounded in the intersectional and lived religion approaches, this study contends that the religiosity of this Muslim minority undergoes a dynamic shift entwined with agency and adaptation in the new secular and plural context, becoming more individualised, privatised, and elective. Employing an ethnographic design, data are collected through semi-structured and key informant interviews, as well as participant observation, over 18 months of fieldwork across various council areas in Scotland. The findings illustrate reconfiguration, adaptation, and innovation in everyday Islam among this intersectional Muslim minority, identifying three main themes: the adaptation and reconfiguration of religious practices and rituals, the renegotiation of authoritative sources, and the navigation of intersectional identities and belonging since resettlement in the UK.

Precision in medical isotope production: Nuclear model calculations using artificial neural networks

In this groundbreaking study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed to predict the production cross-sections of crucial radioisotopes, namely 18O, 209Bi, 232Th, and 68Zn, via the (p,n) reaction. We employed a comparative approach to validate the ANN model's predictions by comparing them to outputs generated by established nuclear reaction codes (TALYS 1.9, EMPIRE-3.2 (Malta)) and data from the authoritative source, the Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR).Motivated by the increasing demand for radioisotopes in precise medical diagnostics and successful therapies, this study focuses on investigating methods and new techniques for determining production cross-sections with high accuracy, which are crucial for the consistent supply of vital radioisotopes. In line with this objective, the ANN model demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving remarkably high correlation coefficients, exceeding 0.999 for training and all data, and reaching 0.98665 for testing. Supportive of this, the high correlation coefficients indicate that the ANN estimations effectively match experimental data. Significantly, our findings illustrate the potential of ANNs as a promising alternative for estimating the production cross-sections of 18O, 209Bi, 232Th, and 68Zn, with the possibility of extending this application to other medically relevant radioisotopes.

Reporting tumor genomic test results to SEER registries via linkages.

Precision medicine has become a mainstay of cancer care in recent years. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program has been an authoritative source of cancer statistics and data since 1973. However, tumor genomic information has not been adequately captured in the cancer surveillance data, which impedes population-based research on molecular subtypes. To address this, the SEER Program has developed and implemented a centralized process to link SEER registries' tumor cases with genomic test results that are provided by molecular laboratories to the registries. Data linkages were carried out following operating procedures for centralized linkages established by the SEER Program. The linkages used Match*Pro, a probabilistic linkage software, and were facilitated by the registries' trusted third party (an honest broker). The SEER registries provide to NCI limited datasets that undergo preliminary evaluation prior to their release to the research community. Recently conducted genomic linkages included OncotypeDX Breast Recurrence Score, OncotypeDX Breast Ductal Carcinoma in Situ, OncotypeDX Genomic Prostate Score, Decipher Prostate Genomic Classifier, DecisionDX Uveal Melanoma, DecisionDX Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma, DecisionDX Melanoma, and germline tests results in Georgia and California SEER registries. The linkages of cancer cases from SEER registries with genomic test results obtained from molecular laboratories offer an effective approach for data collection in cancer surveillance. By providing de-identified data to the research community, the NCI's SEER Program enables scientists to investigate numerous research inquiries.

The SEER Program's longstanding commitment to making cancer resources available.

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, an authoritative source of cancer statistics in the United States, has been funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1973. The goals of SEER include measuring the cancer burden in the United States, making the results available, and supporting cancer research. These goals render products that serve as resources for different audiences, such as cancer registrars, researchers, and the public. Cancer registrars have access to a dedicated tab on the SEER website for questions, assistance with cancer coding, and training and technical resources such as SEER*Rx and SEER Data Management System (SEER*DMS). For researchers, SEER provides access to databases and software such as SEER*Stat and other linked databases such as SEER-Medicare that may offer answers to emerging issues in the field of cancer outcomes, cancer burden, health disparities, healthcare access, diagnosis, and prevention. The public can access cancer materials such as the SEER Cancer Stat Facts sheets, SEER*Explorer, and Did You Know? video series to learn more about cancer. SEER continues to update its resources with and ahead of legislation such as the Plain Writing Act and 21st Century Integrated Digital Experience Act (IDEA) to improve both clarity and user experience. Moving forward, SEER continues to promote awareness of SEER resources, remains accessible and understandable across all audiences, and standardizes how new resources are shared with these groups. The longstanding commitment to making cancer resources available is fundamental to the value of SEER, as evidenced by testimonials from members of various audience types.

Cybersecurity preparedness of small-to-medium businesses: A Western Australia study with broader implications

This study was prompted by the scarcity of focused quantitative research on the cybersecurity of SMBs. Our research aimed to understand the factors influencing SMBs' approach to cybersecurity, their level of threat awareness and the importance placed on cybersecurity. It also explored the extent to which NIST CSF practices are implemented by SMBs while also detecting and ranking the prevalent challenges faced by SMBs. Additionally, resources that SMBs turn to for help and guidance were also evaluated. While the survey-based study was on Western Australian SMBs, the results are of more general and wider interest. Our study found the lack of funds to be the biggest hindrance to cybersecurity, along with a lack of knowledge on where to start implementing good security practices. SMBs also lacked familiarity with relevant regulations and frameworks. The study highlights areas for improvement, such as access control mechanisms, individual user accounts, formalised policies and procedures, and dedicated budgets. SMBs heavily rely on Google search for cybersecurity information, emphasising the need for optimised search results from authoritative sources. IT service providers and informal networks also emerge as important sources of cybersecurity guidance, while local universities could assist SMBs but remain underutilised in this regard. Interestingly, factors such as organisational size, industry sector, and revenue level did not significantly impact SMBs' perception of vulnerability to cyber threats. However, further investigation is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of different IT service models for SMBs' cybersecurity needs. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the specific gaps and challenges faced by SMBs in the cybersecurity domain, as well as their preferred methods of seeking and consuming cybersecurity assistance. The findings can guide the development of targeted strategies and policies to enhance the cybersecurity posture of SMBs.

Representation of Social Determinants of Health terminology in medical subject headings: impact of added terms.

To enhance and evaluate the quality of PubMed search results for Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) through the addition of new SDoH terms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). High priority SDoH terms and definitions were collated from authoritative sources, curated based on publication frequencies, and refined by subject matter experts. Descriptive analyses were used to investigate how PubMed search details and best match results were affected by the addition of SDoH concepts to MeSH. Three information retrieval metrics (Precision, Recall, and F measure) were used to quantitatively assess the accuracy of PubMed search results. Pre- and post-update documents were clustered into topic areas using a Natural Language Processing pipeline, and SDoH relevancy assessed. Addition of 35 SDoH terms to MeSH resulted in more accurate algorithmic translations of search terms and more reliable best match results. The Precision, Recall, and F measures of post-update results were significantly higher than those of pre-update results. The percentage of retrieved publications belonging to SDoH clusters was significantly greater in the post- than pre-update searches. This evaluation confirms that inclusion of new SDoH terms in MeSH can lead to qualitative and quantitative enhancements in PubMed search retrievals. It demonstrates the methodology for and impact of suggesting new terms for MeSH indexing. It provides a foundation for future efforts across behavioral and social science research (BSSR) domains. Improving the representation of BSSR terminology in MeSH can improve PubMed search results, thereby enhancing the ability of investigators and clinicians to build and utilize a cumulative BSSR knowledge base.

Culture War Complexity: How Contaminated Words and Heterodox Positions Challenge Traditional Dichotomies

AbstractThis essay addresses some of the key terminological conflicts of the ongoing culture war between “wokes” and “anti-wokes” in many Western societies. In a public debate culture where words and labels are rapidly contaminated when appropriated by the “other side,” it is increasingly difficult to make sense of the key positions and battle lines to decode who is battling whom. The “culture war matrix” serves as a heuristic tool to contain some of the central culture war positions in an otherwise fragmented space of mediated discourse. Two intersecting tensions are suggested between woke and anti-woke and between cancel culture and free speech. While this two-dimensional understanding by no means exhausts the complex positionings in the culture war landscape, it represents an alternative to the one-dimensional dichotomy-thinking, which reduces the struggle to a matter of left versus right. In conclusion, a third way of understanding contemporary culture wars is suggested by focusing on heterodox impulses and alternative sources of intellectual authority.

Revisiting cultural approaches to Chinese tourists

Scholarship on Chinese tourists has stressed the influence of collectivism, Confucianism, and other traditional values. While significant, these approaches assume a singular, holistic view of culture that is at odds with recent approaches in the sociology of culture that stress the domain-specific, situational, and flexible nature of cultural scripts. Using fresh empirical evidence of Chinese tourists to non-mainstream destinations, this article demonstrates that tourism frequently disembeds tourists from traditional sources of cultural authority. I suggest viewing culture in tourism as a contextual set of repertoires used to (1) draw symbolic boundaries, (2) perform situational, diverse scripts, and (3) self-reflect on personal and collective identities. These results counter the idea that Chinese tourists have internalised one master set of cultural responses.

KRITIK SANAD DAN MATAN

This paper discusses the method of criticism of Sanad and Matan. In the Hadith studies, both aspects are equally important. Sanad is a series of narrators who convey the hadith, while matan is the content of the hadith itself. To find out the quality of a hadith we must find out the quality of its transmitters and content. Therefore, this paper is important because it discusses the method of criticism of Sanad and Matan. includes the critical methodology of sanad and matan seen in the periods of the Prophet, Companions, Tabi'in, and Tabi' tabi'in. In this study the author uses a historical approach, and in analyzing the data the author uses the descriptive-analysis method. Regarding the critical study of hadith, it has actually been carried out since the time of the Prophet and his companions. However, the criticism of sanad and matan in the initial phase has not been formulated as systematically and methodologically as in the final phase (alMuta`akhirîn). This is because there is still the figure of the prophet as an authoritative source to ask (clarify) the news that friends hear. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, there have not been many problems in the hadith, apart from that there are still friends who always maintain their honesty and do not want to lie in the name of the Prophet SAW. Criticism of hadith during the time of the Companions focused on testing the truth of whether the Prophet actually conveyed the hadith or not. The source of this paper comes from books/books, and journals that are relevant to the theme of the writing.

The Role of Wikipedia as a Student Reference: A Critical Examination

This article examines the role of Wikipedia in the academic research process, highlighting its emergence as a pivotal resource for students seeking initial insights across various disciplines. It delves into the advantages of Wikipedia, such as its accessibility, the diversity of perspectives it encompasses due to its collaborative nature, and its capability to offer real-time updates on a wide array of subjects. However, the article also addresses the challenges associated with its reliability, including concerns over the accuracy of its open-editing model and the potential for bias and vandalism. By exploring educators’ views on leveraging Wikipedia for academic purposes and providing guidelines for its effective use, this review aims to present a balanced perspective on navigating its benefits and limitations. It encourages a critical approach to information evaluation, underscoring the importance of corroborating Wikipedia-derived knowledge with authoritative sources. Through case studies and a discussion on the impact of Wikipedia on research methodologies, the article ultimately seeks to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of its role in enhancing academic endeavors, advocating for a discerning utilization that acknowledges both its utility and inherent challenges.

The Educational Ontology of Traditional Pesantren: Exploring the Essential of Education in Pesantren Al-Maqbul

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;This research aims to explore why the Pesantren Al-Maqbul continues to maintain a traditional education system from the ontological perspective of educational philosophy. This qualitative research focuses on the mechanisms of community interaction in Pesantren Al-Maqbul. To get the data, the collection techniques employed were through observation, interviews, and documentation. This study resulted in findings that (1) The reason Pesantren Al-Maqbul still insists on maintaining the traditional education system cannot be separated from the educational philosophy ontology; (2) The influence of the ontology foundation of the educational philosophy of the Pesantren Al-Maqbul on its educational goals can be identified from the tendency of monism, which places Allah's revelation in the form of the Qur'an and Hadith as the only authoritative source of knowledge; (3) According to the view of Pesantren Al-Maqbul, knowledge about God, humans, and the universe is obtained from an in-depth reading of the Qur'an and Hadith.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Competitive Textile Exports: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and China in the United States of America Market

The clothing and textile industry is crucial to Pakistan's economy, significantly contributing to GDP and employment. Pakistan, with its strong expertise in cotton manufacturing, faces intense competition from China in the lucrative United States market. This study aims to evaluate Pakistan's textile and clothing exports to the United States and analyze its competitive advantages against China. Utilizing two analytical techniques, the Trade Competitiveness Index and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), this research assesses Pakistan's positioning in the US market relative to China. Secondary data from authoritative sources such as WITS and UN Comtrade, along with scholarly articles, serve as the basis for the analysis. The study focuses on three key textile divisions (SITC 26, SITC 65, and SITC 84) and examines their impact on US imports. Key findings indicate that while Pakistan has demonstrated growth in textile exports, particularly in textile fabrics (SITC 26) and clothing (SITC 84), it still lags behind China in overall export volume and market share. The RCA analysis reveals that Pakistan possesses a comparative advantage in specific textile categories, though China's market dominance remains unchallenged. The research identifies several challenges for Pakistan, including inefficient resource use, energy supply issues, high production costs, and outdated equipment. However, opportunities for improvement lie in enhancing quality standards, compliance with international trade requirements, and strategic policy enhancements. The study provides actionable recommendations to strengthen Pakistan’s competitiveness, such as modernizing production equipment, optimizing resource use, and exploring new markets. The findings of this study are crucial for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and businesses aiming to strengthen Pakistan's textile exports and navigate the highly competitive global textile landscape.

Популярні маніпуляції із соціологічними даними: критичний аналіз

This article delves into the prevalent forms of manipulation employed in quantitative sociological data. The authors highlight how the burgeoning volume of Big Data and the advancement of data processing technologies in the contemporary world have opened up new avenues for information manipulation. This manipulation often involves the active use of propaganda, disinformation, phishing, and other techniques, which exert a significant impact on society. It leads to the distortion of information through the dissemination of false and misleading data, eroding trust in authoritative sources and media outlets. Moreover, it directly impinges upon social stability, misrepresents the true picture of events, and triggers conflicts, social tensions, and mass unrest. The article expounds on the notion that manipulated data obtained from sociological research can be instrumental in crafting a fabricated reality, influencing people's thoughts and behaviors, and consequently, warping public opinion. The study of manipulative technologies has gained particular urgency in the context of Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine, which has ignited an accompanying information war. The article also devotes considerable attention to a detailed analysis of sociological theories that comprehensively illuminate the issue of the implementation of data manipulation technologies, including «doublethink», «manufacturing consent», the «spiral of silence», «reality packaging», and the «nudge».

Enhancing access to missionary archives: the role of digital libraries and online repositories

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to explore how digital libraries and online repositories enhance access to missionary archives. It investigates how the digitalization of missionary archives fosters the access, searchability, interactivity, dissemination and preservation of the historical and cultural knowledge of missionary documents and legacies. The selected topic stems from a genuine and deeply ingrained desire and interest to explore the digital archiving landscape, majorly in the context of missionary archives. Design/methodology/approach The study relied heavily on the literature review of the most current scholarly articles. Additionally, the study relied on case studies on missionary institutions and churches that rely on technology to digitize missionary archives and online repositories to make them accessible. Generally, reliance on scholarly articles relevant to the topic was an avenue for examining the existing studies and projects affiliated with digitizing and using missionary archives. Findings Missionary archives and records provide a distinct perspective regarding the realities faced by missionaries and indigenous populations. Digital libraries and online repositories are invaluable and instrumental in improving access to missionary archives. They help users overcome physical barriers while supporting the preservation of fragile materials. Additionally, the digitization efforts of various institutions foster the broader dissemination of missionary records. Digital platforms and online repositories foster collaborative research globally in remote settings. Online repositories are instrumental in enhancing access to missionary archives. They achieve this by providing centralized access points to digitalized collections of historical documents, photographs, manuscripts and artifact. Major challenges include substantial costs affiliated with digitization, environmental factors heightening degradation of the original materials and intellectual property dictations and copyright. Originality/value By using scholarly and authoritative sources of information and evidence, the study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the instrumentalism of digital libraries and online repositories to enhance access to missionary archives. There should be comprehensive digitization, adherence to preservation standards, commitment to stakeholder engagement and collaborative decision-making.

Examining Witness Interest: The Obstacles of Testimony in Islamic Jurisprudence and Positive Law

This study compares Islamic jurisprudence and positive law to explore the obstacles of testimony, focusing on the complexity and controversy surrounding witnesses' interests. Employing a legal comparative method, the research examines self-interest in testimony, emphasizing authoritative sources like fiqh books and Jordanian law, shedding light on the concept of self-interest as its primary focus. It highlights the differences between Islamic jurisprudence and contemporary legal frameworks, providing a nuanced understanding of witness actions in legal processes. This research's findings reveal that testimony's self-interest predominantly relates to lineage, siblinghood, marital relationships, hostility, and partisanship. The results show both Islamic jurisprudence and positive law recognize the prohibition of testimony due to self-interests is not absolute; there are many interpretations and exceptions to this restriction, with differences stemming from the reliance on religious texts in Islamic jurisprudence and legal reasoning in positive law. This gap arises from the ability of contemporary law to examine the interests of witnesses from various perspectives and through the use of different evidentiary tools. This research contributes practically that the application of law that is different from what has been formulated by fiqh scholars in Islamic jurisprudence does not necessarily indicate that the legal decision is at odds with Islamic law.