Source Of Antioxidant Substances Research Articles

Apple Peel Supplementation Potential in Metabolic Syndrome Prevention.

(1) Introduction: Apples are a source of bioactive substances, e.g., anthocyanidins and flavonols, and dietary fiber. Their highest concentrations are observed in the skin. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of conditions originally associated with obesity. Excessive adipose tissue accompanying obesity leads to chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders, which result in the development of dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and glucose levels. Thus, supplementation of apple peels, a source of antioxidant substances and fiber, could potentially be a method supporting the prevention of MetS. This paper summarizes the results of available research on the potential impact of apple peel supplementation on the components of MetS. (2) Results: The results from in vitro and animal model studies indicate a positive effect of apple peel supplementation on lipid profile, glucose levels, and blood pressure regulation mediators. Only one human study was performed, and it showed that the consumption of apple peels had an effect on endothelial function but not on other clinical parameters. At the moment, there are no results from observations on large groups of people available. (3) Conclusions: The results of in vitro and animal-model studies indicate the potential of apple peel supplementation in MetS prevention, but it has not been clinically confirmed in human studies. Conducting large human studies could allow a definite clarification of the role of apple peel supplementation in MetS prevention.

The use of fruit raw materials of the Siberian region as the basis of fillings for bakery products

The results of the study of fruits and their products as sources of antioxidant substances (vitamins, organic acids and various phenolic substances) in the human diet are presented. It was found that there is a variation in the biologically valuable substances contained in fruits depending on the place of growth, cultivation and other conditions. The purpose of the study is to assess the feasibility of using traditional for the Siberian region fruit raw materials (cranberry, lingonberry and chokeberry) as the basis for the filling of bakery products. The object of research was fresh wild fruits of cranberry and lingonberry (harvest of 2021, harvested by the Tomsk Regional Consumer Union of the Russian Federation) and chokeberry fruits (variety mix, grown in the Kemerovo region and sold in the consumer market). The organoleptic evaluation of the fillings was carried out on a 5-point scale, total antioxidant activity - by coulometric express method on the device "Express-006- Antioxidants". Based on the studies conducted, it was found that fresh fruits are ranked as follows in terms of antioxidant activity: cranberry > chokeberry > lingonberry. It was found that the indicator "appearance and consistency" of fillings for bakery products is mainly influenced by structural formers, which are ranked as follows: 1.0% agar > 2.0 % pectin > 1.5 % agar > 6.0 % modified starch. The smell and taste of fillings are mainly influenced by the fruit raw material used, and the structure-forming agents are indirectly influenced by them. Total antioxidant activity of bakery fillings depends on the destruction of biologically active substances of fruit during manufacturing, rather than on the used structure-forming agents. The results of these studies will be useful in the creation of functional food products.

Plant-Derived Antioxidants: Significance in Skin Health and the Ageing Process.

Natural substances have traditionally been used in skin care for centuries. There is now an ongoing search for new natural bioactives that not only promote skin health but also protect the skin against various harmful factors, including ultraviolet radiation and free radicals. Free radicals, by disrupting defence and restoration mechanisms, significantly contribute to skin damage and accelerate ageing. Natural compounds present in plants exhibit antioxidant properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals. The increased interest in plant chemistry is linked to the growing interest in plant materials as natural antioxidants. This review focuses on aromatic and medicinal plants as a source of antioxidant substances, such as polyphenols, tocopherols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and macromolecules (including polysaccharides and peptides) as well as components of essential oils, and their role in skin health and the ageing process.

Evaluation of ElecTIS bioreactor for the micropropagation of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., an important autochthonous species of Albania

Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., an economically-important fruit tree, is native to Albania and in many parts of Europe. It is cultivated as an ornamental tree, while its fruits are collected for food and a source of antioxidant substances. It is included in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. For these reasons, it is very important to optimise a micropropagation protocol, in order to obtain great numbers of clonal plantlets for ex situ conservation and production purposes. A liquid culture in a temporary immersion system (TIS) is a recently-proposed system for large-scale in vitro plant propagation. In this study, lateral buds of M. sylvestris were inoculated in MS medium with BAP (1 mg/L) and NAA (0.1 mg/L). In order to avoid oxidative stress, different antioxidants were previously tested with the culture in a gelled medium, and the combination of ascorbic acid and citric acid (both at 100 mg/L) was selected for the following culture in TIS. Stabilised explants were then cultivated in ElecTIS, an innovative TIS bioreactor, and in a semisolid medium, after which the two culture systems were evaluated. Overall, the ElecTIS showed to be more effective for all the tested parameters.

INFLUENCE OF EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY ON THE CONTENT OF PHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXI-DANT ACTIVITY FOR HIPS (ROSA L.), OAK BARK (QUERCUS ROBUR L.), ROOT RHENA (RHEUM OFFICINALE), GINSENG ROOT (PANAX L.), KIDNEY BIRCH (BETULA L.)

Plant materials have huge untapped potential in Russia. It has potential antioxidant properties, contains a large number of biologically active substances. As a result of a comparative study of the content of phenols, flavonoids, anti-radical ability according to the method with 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent, restoring forces according to FRAP method with 2,4,6-tri (2-pyridyl)-1,3 reagent, 5-triazine in extracts obtained by three different extraction technologies (maceration 37 °C for 2 hours, microwave irradiation 800 W 1 min, ultrasonic treatment 37 °C, 37 kHz 90 min) from plant materials: rosehips (Rosa L.), oak bark (Quercus robur L.), rhubarb root (Rheum officinale), ginseng root (Panax L.), birch buds (Betula L.) on the advantage in the level of the studied indicators for the technology of extracts using innovative effects – ultrasonic irradiation. Extracts of plant materials are potential sources of antioxidant substances and can be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic industry and as components of food systems. A general trend is observed, which was observed in the study of various indicators: concentrated extracts, in which phenolic compounds and flavonoids are preserved after concentration (rhubarb root extract and birch bud extract), exhibit the best antiradical activity and restoring power; then, as with their destruction, other indicators fall.

Сравнительный анализ химического состава и антиоксидантных свойств кофе растворимого и для кофемашин

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world due to its unique sensory properties, i.e. aroma and taste. Coffee consumption increases from year to year, which makes its functional property a relevant issue. The present research featured the antioxidant component in freeze-dried coffee and coffee capsules obtained from a commercial network. The main objective was to identify the most advantageous types of coffee to serve as a raw material for extract production. Coffee is known to prevent diseases caused by the oxidative action of free radicals. The paper presents a review of multiple scientific sources on the beneficial properties of coffee. It also features some results of the study in the chemical composition of coffee, i.e. dry matter content, phenols, flavonoids, etc. The anti-radical activity was described with the help of the DPPH method, while the FRAP method was employed to study the antioxidant properties of several coffee samples. The samples of instant coffee and coffee capsules were obtained from a distribution network (Samara, Russia) and included such brands as Coffea Premium, Coffesso, Nescafe Dolche Gusto, Jacobs Milicano, Bushido, Egoiste, and Fresco. Coffea Premium and Coffesso showed the best results in all the tests and can be additional sources of antioxidant substances. These two varieties of coffee capsules are produced for capsule coffee machines and are roasted ground coffee beans. Coffea Premium demonstrated the best results in phenolic substances, flavonoids, and anti-radical activity with 1338 mg of gallic acid and 854 mg of catechin per 100g of the original substance and 0.84 mg per cm3. Nescafe Dolche Gusto coffee capsules and such varieties of instant coffee as Jacobs Millicano, and Fresco showed similar but average results according to all the phenolic analyzes. Bushido and Egoiste were found lacking in phenols, flavonoids, and dry substances. These samples demonstrated low values of antiradiation and regenerating ability, which indicates a worse quality than that of coffee capsules. This may be due to some processing peculiarities: instant coffee undergoes thermal treatment when coffee granules are formed, while solvents are used to obtain coffee extract. Thus, the research revealed that Coffea Premium and Coffesso are the best sources of antioxidants.

The Effect of Growth Substrate and Extraction Solvent on Biological Activities of Oyster Culinary Medicinal Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes).

Agricultural residues can be taken advantage of and be used to produce edible mushrooms through a biotransformation procedure. Mushrooms are beneficial species for humans, acting as antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypo-cholesterolemic, antitumor, anticancer, immunomodulating, antiallergic, nephroprotecting, and antimicrobial agents. The current study analyzed the influence of the origin of the nitrogen source on the antioxidant capacities of the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom. The substrates were lignocellulosic residues and their moisture, ash, carbohydrate, and lignin content along with pH and antioxidant capacity were determined. Later, P. ostreatus mushrooms were produced in those residues, and their antioxidant capacity was determined. Edible mushrooms of the species P. ostreatus cultured in a mixture of sawdust, oak, and pasture were a viable source of antioxidant substances because their ethanolic extracts possessed an antioxidant capacity of 92.74% 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical assay. Direct influence of the growth substrate on the antioxidant properties of P. ostreatus was found. The use of different solvents (methanol, ethanol, or acetone) had no significant effect on the antioxidant properties of the extract.

Pequiá-Based Nanoemulsion Highlights an Important Amazon Fruit (caryocar villosum (aubl.) pers.)

The fruits from pequia (Caryocar villosum) are an important source of antioxidant substances. However, despite the great potential of this natural product for pharmaceutical and food industries, to our knowledge, no study was carried out in order to obtain novel nanoformulation with this raw material. Our results suggested that required Hydrophyle-Lipophile Balance (HLB) of pequia oil is around 12.0 and nanoemulsion with low mean droplet size (191.3 ± 0.8 nm) and Polydispersity Index (0.290 ± 0.040) was obtained. Thus, our studies contribute to valorization of an Amazon fruit, providing for the first time valuable information about nanoemulsion formation using pequia fruits oil.