Source Of Abuse Research Articles

The Social Media, Online and Digital Abuse and Harassment of Social Workers, Probation Officers and Social Work Students in Ireland: A National Survey

Abstract An estimated five billion people use social media globally. The digital world enables networking and community-building beyond geographical and jurisdictional boundaries, it can facilitate information-sharing and knowledge development, and facilitates speedy access and communications links. On the other hand, digital and social media platforms can also be sources and purveyors of hurt, discrimination, defamation, hatred, abuse, cyberbullying and disinformation. Their increased usage within professional practice has become a nascent area for scholarly debate and research. Our scoping literature search indicated that there are very few studies examining this issue within the profession. This article seeks to address a considerable gap in the research by reporting the findings from an exploratory study in Ireland focusing on social workers, probation officers and social work students. Three hundred seventy-nine participants completed an online survey on their experiences of using social media, with eighty-three (21.9 per cent) participants indicating that they had experienced online and digital abuse and harassment. Facebook, Twitter (now X), and email were the top three sources of abuse and harassment by platform.

Analysis of the Application of Business Ethics in Making Decisions in the Era of Globalization

The purpose of this research is the basis for finding out how to apply ethics in the practice of economic decision making in order to manage a company as fairly as possible and comply with applicable laws. Therefore, based on the results and discussion of this research, it can be concluded that in making business ethics decisions, the social, environmental and economic consequences of the various decisions and actions that will be taken will be taken into account. In this context, the magazine shows that technology, when used wisely, can be a tool for improving the application of business ethics. Companies can use technology to increase transparency, accountability and data security. However, we must understand deeply that technology can also be a source of abuse if it is not properly monitored. Overall, this magazine emphasizes the importance of practicing business ethics in the era of digitalization. The implication of this analysis is that business success in the digital era does not only depend on technological innovation, but also the extent to which ethical values are applied to all aspects of the company's operations and its interactions with consumers, society and others

The Bronze Serpent: Abuse, Trauma and the Lifted Healer in the Wilderness

AbstractMany Christian groups and churches have been forced to recognize that they have been complicit in behaviour which has betrayed the gospel. How then is the church to address the historical reality of being an abusive healer? The image of the bronze serpent (Num. 21.4-9; 2 Kgs 18.4; Jn 3.14) offers an ambiguous image which may reveal the reality of the church as both a source of abuse and trauma as well as an instrument of healing within a pattern of restorative justice.

Construction of rape culture amongst the Shona indigenous religion and culture: Perspectives from African feminist cultural hermeneutics

Rape culture is reportedly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Culture, patriarchy, poverty and religion continue to sustain rape culture. The notions of the objectification of women’s bodies amongst the Shona people are causatives for rape culture within diverse cultural institutions. Africans reasonably uphold marriage with high esteem; unfortunately, the marriage institution is also susceptible to becoming a source of abuse, coercion, and is often used as a tool for controlling women. Some of the entrenched marital rituals embody diverse detrimental and contentious practices, which deprive girls and women their autonomous rights, particularly their sexual and reproductive rights. This research article interrogates numerous aspects within the Shona indigenous religion and culture, which precipitate the construction of rape culture. The study uses African feminism as a theoretical framework. It utilises African feminist cultural hermeneutics to interrogate rape culture amongst the Shona people. The research study is qualitative with a conceptual analysis paradigm. It concludes by proposing the need for tapping into some life-giving and gender inclusive principles within the Shona indigenous religion and culture to be utilised as tools for eradicating rape culture. Contribution: Utilising the African feminist cultural hermeneutical framework, the article interrogated several factors precipitating rape culture amongst the Shona people. It foregrounded that women bear the brunt of burden of rape culture. It concludes by proposing the need for tapping into some positive Shona indigenous traditions as tools for curbing rape culture.

Issues and prospects of determining the dominant position in the conditions of the digital economy

The article analyzes the change in approaches to determining the dominant position in digital markets. The authors indicate the main directions of improving the antimonopoly legislation in these directions. The paper also considers the problems of the quantitative criterion, which in turn leads to the conclusion about the increased role of qualitative criteria for determining the dominant position of the subject. The development of the digital economy forces us to develop other, alternative criteria. These alternative criteria include network effects and the mode of access to big data. In this regard, the authors consider the concept of a network effect, its features. In turn, the possession of big data is seen as a source of abuse in the digital economy.

A crisis in US drug pricing: Consequences for patients with neuromuscular diseases, physicians and society, part 1.

Drug prices in the United States have reached astounding heights, negatively impacting patients and society. The vast majority of prescription drug spending is on brand name drugs, which are protected from typical market pressures by FDA exclusivity and intellectual property patents. Drugs to treat "orphan" diseases, of particular relevance to neuromuscular clinicians, are some of the most expensive in all of medicine. The Orphan Drug Act's original intent was to incentivize the creation of drugs that would otherwise provide little economic payoff. While it has facilitated incredible, life-changing drugs for our patients, it has also become a source of abuse. Many expensive drugs approved under the Orphan Drug Act were previously available for compassionate use or for another indication at much lower prices. As patients increasingly face high drug prices, it is important for clinicians to understand a drug's risk for inducing financial toxicity, as the financial and emotional consequences of an overpriced low-value drug may outweigh its intended benefit.

Intimidation and Sexual Harassment during Plastic Surgery Training in the United States.

Background:Attending physicians, peers, other providers, and patients are sources of intellectual growth, but may also be a source of abuse and harassment. Published international studies have found that harassment within residency training is widespread but there is little data regarding plastic surgery training. The authors sought to explore the incidence of harassment experienced by plastic surgery residents currently enrolled in US integrated and independent programs.Methods:After an IRB-approved exemption was obtained, an anonymous internet-based survey was distributed via email to all plastic and reconstructive surgery residency programs. The survey was comprised of 23 questions that focused on personal experience or knowledge of other colleagues who had encountered abuse and harassment during their training. Responses were collected during a 60-day period. The response rate was 16%.Results:A total of 173 individuals completed the survey. Regarding harassment experienced by the respondents, 39.2% reported verbal abuse, 19.9% experienced sexual harassment, and 3.6% reported being physically abused during their training. Of those individuals who were sexually harassed, 72.7% were females. In many of the cases (64.5%), the instigator was a supervising physician. Most respondents did not feel comfortable reporting the abuse (74.19%).Conclusions:Abuse and sexual harassment rates among active plastic and reconstructive surgery residents in the United States are high and attention should be brought to this important issue. Further studies should be conducted to assess the extent of abuse so that it can lead to implementation of programs that provide accountability, improved support, counseling strategies, and foster appropriate professional development.

HOW DOES WORKPLACE BULLYING TRIGGER VICTIM'S COUNTERPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORS? THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PERCEIVED CO-WORKER SUPPORT

Purpose/Objectives- This study disentangles an important knot in the bullying literature by examining how and through what psychological processes workplace bullying triggers counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) in its victims. Using the theory of triggered displaced aggression and stressor-emotion model of CWB we hypothesize that workplace bullying as a stressor leads to the development of negative perceptions of coworker support which prompt its targets to strike back by displaying CWBs both towards the source of abuse and redirect it towards others such as co-workers as well as organization. Methodology- By collecting two source field data (N= 334; Self-peer dyads) from employees working in the Education, Banking and Telecom sector of Pakistan, we tested our direct as well as mediation hypothesis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. Findings- The results of SEM analysis support all the direct as well as indirect paths clearly suggesting that victims of bullying develop lower perceptions of coworker support which causes them to vent out their frustration creating higher levels of individually as well as organizationally directed CWBs. Practical Implications- Our study extends the mistreatment literature and is beneficial for managers as it examines and tests a unique mechanism of perceived coworker support in the through which a stressful condition of bullying ignites CWBs in its targets towards others and organization.

Intern′s experience of abuse during training course in an educational hospital in Yazd, Iran, 2014

Aim: Internship is an important period in the development of the physicians' professional capacity. Different types of abuse have been reported in this training period that may influence learning ability and students' potential to deliver best care in the future. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of perceived interns' abuse during their internship period. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2014 among interns of an educational hospital in Yazd, Iran. The survey questionnaire was designed to gather information regarding the frequency at which participants perceived themselves to have been abused, the type and source of abuse, and the reasons why they did not report the perceived abuse. The questionnaire was reviewed by two health care administrators and two general practitioners to establish face validity. Cronbach's Alpha of survey's instrument was estimated at 0.78. The IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 was used for analysis of the survey data. Results: The survey conducted revealed that most of the reported abuse had academic roots (15.44 ± 5.75). Residents were most often cited as the sources of the perceived abuse, followed by professors and nurses. The Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine was the most frequently cited wards where the students experienced the perceived abuse. Only 11.8% of the female students reported the abuse to a third party. Conclusion: Raising awareness among the medical students regarding the mistreatment is important, and creating a system that monitors these behaviors accurately and reliably can also be helpful.

High prevalence of stigma-related abuse among a sample of men who have sex with men in Tanzania: implications for HIV prevention

In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of stigma-related abuse and violence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and its potential impact on the HIV/AIDS epidemic is unknown. This study estimated the prevalence and source of violence and abuse among a sample of MSM in Tanzania and characterized the association between levels of violence and sexual and mental health variables. Data were taken from a larger study of 200 MSM in Tanzania. Frequency tabulations, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression were performed to describe the prevalence and source of abuse and to determine the association between levels of violence and sexual demographics and mental health variables. The MSM sample for this study was young (median age 23), somewhat educated with the majority having attained secondary school (80%) and mostly employed (60%). Verbal (48.5%) and moral (32.5%) abuses were the most predominant types of abuse among the sample and were mostly from people in the street and neighbors. Sexual abuse (30%) was mostly from partners, and physical violence (29.5%) was largely from people in the street. Participants in the high-violence level group had a significantly greater number of sexual partners, depression scores, and internalized homonegativity (IH) scores. IH predicted HIV infection and verbal abuse predicted IH.There is a need for an increased awareness of violence and abuse faced by MSM in Tanzania, as well as effective programs to specifically target the issue of violence among MSM, and its implication for mental health and for risky sexual behaviors and HIV transmission.

Interns’ perceived abuse during their undergraduate training at King Abdul Aziz University

Background and objectivesAbuse occurs in all workplaces, including the medical field. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of perceived abuse among medical students, the types of abuse experienced during medical training, the source of abuse, and the perceived barriers to reporting abuse.MethodThis cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2013 and January 2014 among medical graduates of King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah. The survey questionnaire was designed to gather information regarding the frequency with which participants perceived themselves to have experienced abuse, the type of abuse, the source of abuse, and the reasons for nonreporting of perceived abuse. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.ResultOf the 186 students enrolled in this study, 169 (90.9%) reported perceiving some form of abuse during medical school training. Perceived abuse was most often verbal (86.6%), although academic abuse (73.1%), sex discrimination (38.7%), racial or ethnic discrimination (29.0%), physical abuse (18.8%), religious discrimination (15.1%), and sexual harassment (8.6%) were also reported. Professors were most often cited as the sources of perceived abuse, followed by associate professors, demonstrators (or assistant teaching staff), and assistant professors. The Internal Medicine Department was the most frequently cited department where students perceived themselves to have experienced abuse. Only 14.8% of the students reported the abuse to a third party.ConclusionThe self-reported prevalence of medical student abuse at King Abdul Aziz University is high. A proper system for reporting abuse and for supporting victims of abuse should be set up, to promote a good learning environment.

A case of mouthwash as a source of ethanol poisoning: is there a need to limit alcohol content of mouthwash?

A case of mouthwash as a source of ethanol poisoning: is there a need to limit alcohol content of mouthwash?

Elder Abuse in Residential Long-Term Care

A synthesis of the last decade of literature on elder abuse in residential long-term care (i.e., Nursing Homes and Assisted Living) is discussed. Presented are definitions of abuse, theoretical and conceptual models, prevalence rates of abuse, outcomes and costs, and sources of abuse. The synthesis represents an update to the literature in the influential 2003 National Research Council report. We identify many of the same issues and concerns exist that were surfaced in this prior report. Many theoretical and conceptual models need further elaboration. Conflicting definitions of abuse are pervasive. Rates of abuse are generally inaccurate, and probably under-reported. However, we also identify progress in many areas. An increase in empirical studies that exist in this area (although very few in Assisted Living). Other forms and types of abuse have also been identified as important, such as resident-to-resident abuse. These areas are discussed, along with potential suggestions for additional research.

La méphédrone : une nouvelle drogue de synthèse

Mephedrone is a synthetic psychostimulant derived from cathinone belonging to the family of phenylethylamines. Sold on the Internet, it has recently emerged in France in recreational settings, and is mostly consumed by young people from the gay community and festive environment. Identified in 2008 by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction as a new drug on the market, the use of mephedrone has attracted media attention following the suspicious deaths of two young adults in Sweden and in England. Its legal aspect, ease of getting it on the Internet and cheap price coupled and an alternative-seeking to other psychostimulants make mephedrone a prime target for these populations and a source of abuse, with psychiatric and somatic complications. There is no curative pharmacological treatment approved by health authorities.

Use and abuse of scientific knowledge: The portrayal in the media

The utility of science and media to the human race is not a point of debate. The new paradigm is the interplay between science and media. Both are cost and time intensive endeavors, having a huge impact on public life and conduct. The use and benefits of sciences are innumerable and stand uncontested. The abuse of science comes from three sources. And this abuse happens because science sells. The three sources of abuse are: Politics·Media·Advertising These three sources are intrinsically linked. Our focus will be "media".

Verbal, physical and sexual abuse among children working on the street

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the verbal, physical and sexual abuse experienced by children working on the street in Ankara, Turkey to determine the type of abuse occurred, the reactions to being abused, sources of abuse and coping methods against abuse. Design and Methods: A qualitative and descriptive study was conducted with children working on the street in Ankara, Turkey. Five focus group discussions were held with 40 children. The data collection form contained questions about age, educational status, gender, abuse types, reactions to being abused, sources of abuse and coping methods against abuse. Data were assessed by frequency and percentages by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (version 9.5). Findings: Children working on the street in the sample said they were subjected to verbal, physical and sexual abuse (50%, 50% and 65%, respectively). More than half the participants were exposed to physical abuse from other working children who were selling different things to help their families (55.0 %) and street children who were homeless and live on the streets (65.0 %). ‘Responding with same methods’ was the most used coping method among children for all types of abuse. Of total participants, 36 children stated they needed information about abuse. The results indicate verbal, sexual and physical abuse have a negative effect on children working on the street. Conclusions: The number of children working on the street in Turkey increases each day (Polat 2009; Kurt et al 2005) and these children are most at risk for all types of abuse. Children working on the street need information and training to develop their awareness about abuse and their skill in avoiding abuse and/or dealing with the consequences. The present health education available to children working on the street in Turkey does not include information about various types of abuse. Nurses are in a position to play an important role in determining whether children they encounter are experiencing any type of abuse and should be directly involved in identifying the physical, social and psychological consequences of abuse as well as providing avenues for the protection and treatment of children affected by abuse. In order for nurses to be able to provide effective care for children working on the street, they need to be knowledgeable about them and the abuse, violence and other problems the children experience.This paper concludes children have the right to be protected against all types of abuse. Children should be educated to increase their awareness of the various types of abuse and they should also be provided with support by government institutions and health professionals, particularly nurses. Furthermore, preventive measures should be adopted to reduce all types of abuse against children in Turkey.

Combating Elder Abuse Through a Lawyer/Social Worker Collaborative Team Approach JASA Legal/Social Work Elder Abuse Prevention Program (LEAP)

I have been a prisoner to this. When it stopped, I felt as if I had been reborn. Ms. S, JASA LEAP client Every year an estimated 2.1 million older Americans are victims of physical, psychological, or other forms of abuse and neglect (United States Census Bureau, 2000). This statistic may not tell the whole story, however, because for every case of elder abuse and neglect that is reported to authorities, experts estimate that there may be as many as five cases that have not been reported. Recent research suggests that elders who have been abused tend to die earlier than those who are not abused, even in the absence of chronic conditions or life-threatening disease (National Center on Elder Abuse, 2005). Within the greater New York area, over the past few years there has been an exponential growth in the scope of the problem, a societal awareness of the problem and interventions developed to deal with elder abuse in general. Since 1990 the Jewish Association for Services for the Aged, JASA, has established innovative interventions to prevent and assist in situations of elder abuse, an increasingly pervasive and signifi- cant issue. In this article, we focus on JASA's Legal/Social Work Elder Abuse Program (LEAP). BACKGROUND JASA was established and incorporated in 1968 by the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New York to identify and respond to the needs of the frail, the poor, and isolated elderly regardless of race, religion, or ethnicity. JASA's mission is to sustain and enrich the lives of the aging in the New York metropolitan area so that they can remain in the community with dignity and autonomy, and the agency has developed a comprehensive, integrated network of services that provides a continuum of community care. Among JASA's service divisions are case and group services, housing, legal services, mental health, and home care. The agency sponsors more than 100 different programs, and its elder abuse programs are central to its mission. Beginning in 1995, with funding from the United Jewish Association (UJA)-Federation, JASA established the JASA/LIJ Elder Abuse Program, linking JASA's community services to the hospital services of Long Island Jewish Hospital and Elmhurst Hospital to identify and intervene in elder abuse cases. Concurrently, the attorneys working in JASA's Legal Services for the Elderly in Queens (LSEQ) were referred cases on elder abuse issues. In 1998, JASA introduced the Legal/Social Work Elder Abuse Program (LEAP) as a small pilot program in Queens to join together social workers and attorneys in support of abused senior citizens. As they cooperated on cases, social workers and attorneys began to discuss challenges they faced in their intervention strategies. The most difficult situations involved cases where victims had to be counseled to take legal action against their abusers when the sources of abuse or exploitation were their children or spouses. These victims experienced profound shame and a desire to protect their abusers despite their own suffering. With the intervention and support of the LEAP team, clients were able to overcome these challenges and stop the abuse in their lives. The elder abuse definition used by JASA LEAP is that elder abuse is any form of mistreatment that results in harm or loss to an older person. Abuse and neglect can be categorized as follows: * Physical, sexual, emotional/psychological, financial, self-neglect, passive neglect (the withholding of goods or services without conscious intent to inflict physical or emotional distress). Often this is conducted by a well-meaning caretaker who is unable to meet the older person's needs. * Active neglect (the willful deprivation of goods or services necessary to maintain physical or mental health). Between 1 and 2 million Americans 65+ have been abused by someone they depended on for care or protection. In domestic settings, only 1 in 14 incidents is reported. …

Consent or Obedience? Power and Authority in Medicine

Dr. Eric Cassell discusses a recent biography of Stanley Milgram that details the experiments that made him famous. Milgram's research carries implications for important issues in medicine: the role of inappropriate obedience as a source of abuse in the teaching hospital and the effect of obedience on patients' autonomy and consent.

BARNETT, Ola W., Cindy L. MILLER-PERRIN, Robin D. PERRIN, Family Violence Across The lifespan: An Introduction

BARNETT, Ola W., Cindy L. MILLER-PERRIN, Robin D. PERRIN, Across The lifespan : An Introduction. Thousand Oaks,CA : Sage Publications, Inc., 1997, 392 pp., $73.50 hardcover. Family Violence encompasses a wide variety of types of relationship abuses within the family structure. This text presents a comprehensive collection of up-to-date research on the subjects of child abuse, dating violence, marital violence, and elder-abuse. Not only are the data pertaining to the topics concisely presented, but the authors explain methodological problems with current research and suggest methods for collecting more useful data in the future. Barnett, Miller-Perrin, and Perrin employ a Social Constructionist framework to describe the various types of family violence. This perspective presents a view of the development of the social issue of each type of family violence from a social condition to the point where it becomes a social problem. They take a multidisciplinary, multilevel approach to the presentation of theories of family violence, and discuss the methodological issues inherent in investigating each type of abuse. The chapters in this text deal with types of violence from birth to death. Most chapters begin with an interview with an expert in the specific type of intimate violence. Chapters then go on to describe the characteristics of victims and perpetrators, the theories that explain the abuse, and types of interventions to help victims and perpetrators. Inserted throughout are case histories, short articles on special facets of each type of abuse, and intermediate summaries of the material covered. Regarding the latter, because the summaries at the end of chapters are so comprehensive, the flow of the material would be smoother if the intermediate summaries within the chapters were eliminated. The first two chapters include an outline of the history of the development of family violence from a social fact to a social problem, describe the myths surrounding family violence, point out the lack of a consensus on a single definition of family violence, describe the main theories to explain domestic violence, and illustrate how researchers investigate family violence. Of particular importance to the beginning researcher in this field is the conclusion of chapter two which explains how data have been collected and the inherent problems and issues involved in collecting such sensitive material. Chapters three, four, and five detail information about child physical and sexual abuse as well as neglect and psychological abuse. Authors make the point that the definition of abuse of children has been problematic because of society's acceptance of a certain amount of controlling, coercive behavior thought necessary to shape children appropriately. Chapter six is unique because it identifies as psychological abuse the experience of children who are exposed to marital violence, and discusses the problems surrounding research in this area. Children exposed to family violence are likely to experience various emotional traumas, negative cognitive effects, behavioral problems and health consequences, but this source of abuse has yet to be recognized by the public as a social problem. Chapter seven deals with a relatively new area of intimate violence, date violence and rape. The fact that female high school students have a 15.5% lifetime prevalence rate of courtship violence and male high school students have a 7.8% rate (Barnett, Miller-Perrin, and Perrin: 165) is evidence that intimate violence is not only caused by stresses inherent in marital relationships, thus analysis must include more complex factors in explaining this abusive behavior. Chapters eight, nine and ten cover the problem of marital violence, in general, and more specific information about battered women and batterers. One section within chapter eight, Monetary Costs of Marital Violence, claims welfare costs as another cost of domestic violence, but fails to expand on this point. …

The Multiple Victimization of Children

Incidence of different types of child abuse is reported and the issue of co-occurrence of different types of abuse and adversity is raised. Three dimensions along which multiple victimization may be considered are proposed. A paradigm shift is recommended wherein professionals concerned with child abuse take into consideration all of the sources of abuse and adversity in a child's life circumstance, remaining cognizant of the child's developmental position, tasks and needs. Confronting this complexity will advance our understanding of child abuse and lead to more productive interventions and policies to support the growth and well-being of children.