Source Analysis Method Research Articles

Peculiarities and ways of resolving the military-political conflict

The purpose of the article is to analyse the causes of the war that spread across the entire territory of Ukraine in February 2022. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence of international economic and political conflicts, as well as scientific and theoretical approaches to resolving the political conflict that is the root cause of the russian-Ukrainian war. Various methods were used in the research, including the comparative-historical method, the method of source analysis, as well as induction, deduction, synthesis and analysis. This made it possible to gain a deeper understanding of the essence of political and political-economic conflict, as well as to divide political-economic conflicts into conflicts of values, interests, and identification, determining their essential causes. An armed conflict that turns into a war is the most dangerous form of political conflict, as it causes a transition to destructive actions on the territory of the country, involves the involvement of a large number of participants and significant losses among the military and the civilian population. The historical and modern reality in Ukraine since 2014 is characterized by the presence of political and armed conflicts that arose as a result of serious contradictions that were not resolved within the framework of the post-Soviet system. It is because of this that armed, political, economic and inter-ethnic conflicts became more frequent in the 21st century. For a long time, domestic science believed that state power and politics were aimed at finding a balance of the interests of seizing natural, energy and human resources, which was supposed to completely eliminate the conflict. However, the authorities of Ukraine did not cope with the invasion of certain territories, which has been going on for more than eight years. The article analyzes the prerequisites and nature of a full-scale invasion of the territory of Ukraine as a political conflict, and suggests key ways to resolve it. The conclusion states that Ukraine's accession to the EU and NATO is a significant prospect for ensuring future guarantees of peace and protection against further or new invasion of the Russian Federation on our territory.

Variability of teaching foreign language aerospace terminology to future engineers

Introduction. The accelerated development of knowledge-intensive industries in the aerospace industries requires an influx of highly professional engineers capable of international professional communication. However, mastering highly specialized terminology in a foreign language when teaching students at an aerospace higher education institution remains a weak link in the chain today. The purpose of the study is the scientific substantiation, development and implementation of educational and methodological material for teaching a foreign language to future aerospace engineers based on variable approaches. Materials and methods. The study involved 87 first-year students of the technical departments of the Moscow Aviation Institute (the Russian Federation). Methods of source analysis, sequential experiment, student selfassessment, repeated questioning, comparative analysis, statistical methods (Fisher criterion) were used. Results. A set of exercises has been developed and tested to enhance mastery of a foreign language engineering and environmental vocabulary of aerospace specialties. It was found that the basic request of students is to master highly specialized terminology as a tool for increasing competitiveness (92%) with recognition of the effectiveness of a variable approach to studying the vocabulary of a specialty (97%). The maximum level of assessment of the need to study highly specialized vocabulary for research work (100%) and increased interest in the study of environmental issues based on mastering foreign language terminology (92%) were identified. The highest average value was obtained in students' assessment of the importance of using authentic texts of engineering and environmental orientation (52%), as well as in the growth of interest in participating in scientific conferences on aerospace issues in a foreign language (48%). However, the level of development of listening skills in terms of understanding highly specialized terms when watching video materials remains low (46%). The problem of low motivation of students to independently study specialty materials in a foreign language also requires a solution (62%). Despite the proposed variable approaches, only 57% of respondents are ready to diversify traditional individual forms of learning by working in pairs, mini-groups, and only 64% agree to study in the form of panel discussions and business games. The results of statistical processing of the results based on the Fisher angle coefficient showed the feasibility of using a set of exercises to increase students’ involvement in studying international news (φ*emp = 5.415; p < 0.01), to motivate students to analyze foreign language materials on engineering and environmental issues in addition to basic textbook (φ*emp = 7.413; p < 0.01). Conclusion. The proposed educational and methodological materials for variable teaching of aerospace engineering and environmental vocabulary make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the formation of communication skills in professional international communication in terms of young people’s understanding of the harm from the impact of aerospace on the environment and possible ways to reduce risks.

Bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and trends in the field of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission accounting.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been extensively studied because of their significant roles as precursors of atmospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol pollution. The research aims to comprehend the current advancements in domestic and international VOC emission accounting. The study utilized the CiteSpace software to represent the pertinent material from Web of Science visually. The hot spots and future development trends of VOC emission calculation are analyzed from the perspectives of thesis subject words, cooperative relationships, co-citation relationships, journals, and core papers. According to the statistics, the approaches most often employed in VOC accounting between 2013 and 2023 are source analysis and emission factor method. Atmospheric environment is the journal with the most publications in the area. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Colorado System are prominent institutions in VOC emission accounting research, both domestically and internationally. The primary research focuses on the realm of VOC emission accounting clusters, which are "emission factor," "source analysis," "model," "air quality," and "health." A current trend in VOC emission accounting involves the construction of a VOC emission inventory using a novel model that combines emission factors and source analysis. This study reviews the progress made in calculating volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions over the past decade. It aims to provide researchers with a new perspective to promote the development of this field.

The nomination of Rev. Kazimierz Rolewski as bishop of Katowice and the reasons for the refusal

Rev. Kazimierz Rolewski (1887–1936) — parish priest in the Archdiocese of Poznań, rector of the theological seminary, and radio preacher — remains an inspiring figure to this day, as evidenced by the ongoing beatification process. Many people remember him as a priest who refused to accept the episcopal nobleness. This article refers to this common opinion in light of the Vatican archives. It is an attempt to highlight the important character traits of the discussed figure, especially his humility and sincerity. Based on the source analysis method, the article presents facts about Rev. Rolewski before and after the proposal to take over the bishopric of Katowice. This article presents the genesis of the interest in the parish priest from Ostrów Wielkopolski as a candidate for the diocesan bishop in 1925–1926. It describes the circumstances of the negative decision made at the apostolic nunciature in Warsaw. The above piece, which attempts to highlight the character traits important for the discussed character — his humility and honesty — fills the current biographical gap of Rev. Rolewski.

Research on transient temperature rise characteristics of composite cylindrical roller bearings

Composite roller bearings have received extensive attention from bearing design engineers because of their good contact and running performance. According to the contact mechanical characteristics of composite cylindrical roller, a bearing heat generation power calculation model is established. Then, using the local heat source analysis method, and considering the heat conduction mode, the transient temperature solution model of bearings is established. The influence of filling ratio, radial force, angular velocity and roller numbers on the heat generation power and steady-state temperature of the bearing components is calculated and analyzed. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verifies the correctness of the model. The model can accurately predict the temperature distribution of bearings, providing new ideas and methods for temperature rise analysis, and laying the foundation for temperature analysis of bearings.

Animalism in the Design of Clothes of the ХХ and Early XXI Centuries

The article presents an overview and systematisation of fashion design projects using animalistic motifs. The purpose of the study is to identify the manifestations of animalistic images in costume and the differences in their meanings in different historical periods. The research methodology is based on the application of methods of source, art, aesthetic, structural and compositional analysis. The scientific novelty lies in highlighting the stages of animalism development in the twentieth – early twenty-first centuries and identifying its main manifestations in costume. The results of the study are based on empirical material from designers and fashion houses that actively used and developed animalism in their work. Conclusions. As a result of the study, we conclude that there are various ways of manifesting animalism in fashion design, from copying animal images entirely to introducing their individual parts into the design or using photographs and artistic images. And while in the early twentieth century, costumes used mostly elements of animal skin, fur and feathers, and exotic animals and birds emphasised the status of the elite strata of society, with the development of technology and the spread of mass production of clothing, imitation gradually became popular. The destruction of the natural environment and the dominance of the artificial one led to the spread of fashion inspired by wildlife. Gradually, a style direction in fashion design was formed, which is now considered «fantasy classics». Over time, animalistic motifs have become visual carriers of «eco-fashion» and «eco-consciousness», reminding us of the need for significant transformations in the global consciousness of humanity. The flourishing of animalism in recent decades reflects the socio-cultural trends in society. The symbolism and interpretation of animalistic images in costume design reflects the care and desire to preserve the natural heritage in a world that is increasingly influenced by technological development.

Review: The application of source analysis methods in tracing urban non-point source pollution: categorization, hotspots, and future prospects.

The contribution of urban non-point source (NPS) pollution to surface water pollution has gradually increased, analyzing the sources of urban NPS pollution is of great significance for precisely controlling surface water pollution. A bibliometric analysis of relevant research literature from 2000 to 2021 reveals that the main methods used in the source analysis research of urban NPS pollution include the emission inventory approach, entry-exit mass balance approach, principal component analysis (PCA), positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, etc. These methods are primarily applied in three aspects: source analysis of rainfall-runoff pollution, source analysis of wet weather flow (WWF) pollution in combined sewers, and analysis of the contribution of urban NPS to the surface water pollution load. The application of source analysis methods in urban NPS pollution research has demonstrated an evolution from qualitative to quantitative, and further towards precise quantification. This progression has transitioned from predominantly relying on on-site monitoring to incorporating model simulations and employing mathematical statistical analyses for traceability. This paper reviews the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and the scope of application of these methods. It also aims to address existing problems and analyze potential future development directions, providing valuable references for subsequent related research.

Features of the development of the agricultural marketing system using information technologies

Forecasting prices for agricultural products is a complex, end-to-end and dynamic task of agricultural marketing. With constant development and changes in data sources, data types, data quality, data processing methods, model building methods, and model evaluation methods, agricultural price forecasting methods will also be updated and improved. An overview of the use of digital technologies is proposed, leading to profound changes in the functioning of economic factors, including in the agro-industrial complex. The article shows that the digital transformation (digitalization) of the agro-industrial market will lead to a change in the sectoral structure of the agro-industrial complex due to the replacement of traditional industries with new ones based on forecasts obtained using artificial intelligence systems. The paper provides an overview of specialized applied software products that are available on the Internet and are used to analyze financial data. An overview of modern information technologies, which allow convenient processing, systematization and visualization of data, as well as forecasting the movement of asset prices, was carried out. Scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis methods, quantitative and qualitative assessment methods, which were used to determine the content of marketing concepts and its features in the activities of agro-industrial enterprises, as well as the method of source analysis served as the scientific and theoretical basis for deepening the research. When selecting sources for analysis, a search was made in open databases available in the global information network Internet, on the basis of which neural network training was carried out. The main functionalities of the created system are described, including a visual comparison of historical data, price movement forecasting using machine learning, and recommendations on the optimal content of the investment portfolio. The results obtained in the work substantiate the following basic propositions: - digitalization leads not only to technological, but also to organizational transformations in the agro-industrial complex; - the result of digital transformation will be a profound change in the model of the organization of the agro-industrial complex and its role in the national economy; - agribusiness needs to take measures to support the digital transformation of the agro-industrial market and the adaptation of the agro-industrial complex to the new digital system.

ОСВОЕНИЕ КИТАЙСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ РОССИЕЙ И ГЕРМАНИЕЙ В КОНЦЕ XIX в.: СХОДСТВА И РАЗЛИЧИЯ

The paper focuses on comparison of the Sino-German treaty respecting the lease of Kiao-Chau (1898) and the Sino-Russian convention for lease of Port Arthur and Talienwan (1898), on an analysis of Russian and German plans in relation to Chinese territories, on considering the dynamics of solutions in this direction, preliminary agreements with the Qing Empire. The topicality stems from the need to detail the imperial past of the powers, to clarify how each empire approached the process of mastering the territory of the other state. The chosen angle allowed to draw attention not only to the similarities between the foreign policies of Russia and Germany in relation to the Qing Empire, but also to identify significant differences. The study was based on the methods of source analysis, comparative analysis. Russia and Germany concluded lease agreements with the Qing Empire, which differed significantly in a number of terms. According to Sino-Russian convention, supreme rights to the territory remained with the Qing state; the lease term was 25 years; the clause about railway construction widened the scope of the concession already granted. In the Sino-German treaty the transfer of supreme rights to the kaiser state, the lease term of 99 years, and an agreement to build railway lines that extended well beyond the leased territory were all recorded. Both powers had occupied the Qing domains before the agreements were concluded, but they went about legislating in different ways.

Information potential of the database on the 1959 All-Union Population Census as a source for historical and demographic studies of the urban environment

The purpose of this database is to create an electronic source that focuses on the socio-demographic characteristics of the Ural City based on materials from the All-Soviet Population Census of 1959, using the example of Arti, a town-type settlement in the Sverdlovsk Region. The selection of this particular object is due to its ability to record the transformation processes from a rural factory settlement to a town, against the backdrop of a relatively homogenous ethnosocial environment. The appeal to the original census materials is justified by their higher information content, as compared to published data that has undergone editing. The discovered Artinsky district archive file contains information on the town of Arti alone and represents a sample with an unclear formation process, similar in nature to a natural process. The study of methods for organizing and conducting a census indicates a relatively high level of reliability in its primary data. Historical and genetic methods, methods of source analysis, and mathematical statistics are used. A study of the distribution of data by gender and social groups, conducted using mathematical statistical methods in comparison to published data, allows us to conclude that the sample of materials formed from the census of Arti's urban-type settlement accurately reflects the properties of the entire population covered by the survey. The database created based on the materials of the 1959 All-Union Population Census is similar in content to the original source, with the addition of aggregated information about the composition and structure of families, as well as information about housing conditions. The features of both the source and database are focused, to a greater extent, on historical and demographic research, particularly family history. Due to its informative nature, the database can become a useful tool for researchers in this field.

Scientometric research of the migration waves of Ukrainian scientists at the beginning of the XXI century

The article contains the results of a scientometric assessment of the current state of scientific migration processes in Ukraine. Their features and main trends were identified, methodical approaches to their fixation and consolidation of the obtained data in national bibliometric systems were formed using methods of source studies and analysis of scientific publications on the researched topic, as well as methods of statistical, comparative and structural analysis. The sources of data for the research were the international multi-subject databases of scientific publications, Web of Science, Scopus, as well as the multidisciplinary registrar of unique scientific identifiers ORCID, the Scopus SCImago Journal & Country Rank indicator (for evaluating the scientific weight of publications) and the information-analytical system "Bibliometrics of Ukrainian science". The authors found that the phenomenon of scientific migration is constantly present in all periods of Ukraine's existence, and one of its consequences is the decline of the country's intellectual potential, marked by the deterioration of scientometric indicators of the activity of domestic science. At the same time, the positive consequences of intellectual migration have also been recorded, in particular, the conduct of scientific research in the conditions of emigration, which could not be carried out in the scientist's homeland, the increase in the knowledge of Ukrainian scientists and their demand, stimulation of the development of science in general. When analyzing the functionality of bibliometric and scientometric databases for monitoring changes in the affiliations of domestic scientists, the advantages of the ORCID registry as a source database for conducting scientometric studies of migration processes were revealed. The concept of a general approach to recording and evaluating the phenomenon of scientific migration of domestic scientists by national bibliometric systems is proposed, which should involve a combination of the citation-numerological scientometric approach with expert conclusions.

Moral Reorientation through the Emulation of Christ in the Teachings of Joseph Ratzinger – Pope Benedict XVI

The aim of this publication is to outline a moral reorientation through the emulation of Christ based on the teachings of Josef Ratzinger – Benedict XVI. The study used the method of source analysis and synthesis of the researched content, which provided an insight into the fundamental thoughts of Joseph Ratzinger – Benedict XVI. In a contemporary society which is undergoing dehumanisation, individuals who are receptive to values can often become disoriented and struggle to find their rightful place in the world. Therefore the moral state of modern humanity requires a fundamental change. An individual capable of providing healing to human beings challenged in their development, and reinstating a sense of purpose to their existence on Earth is needed. Responding to the demands of the modern era, Pope Benedict XVI identifi ed Christ as the cornerstone for the conversion of human hearts and minds. The relationship with Christ, which is central to the concept of emulation, is essential for being a genuine Christian. Emulating Christ within the temporal continuum of a Christian’s life necessitates addressing personal problems and the surrounding reality through the lens of the Gospel’s principles.

Manajemen Inovasi Mode Hybrid Menuju Sekolah Kejuruan Mandiri Energi

The issue of new and renewable energy sources in the future will increasingly have a very important role in meeting energy needs. The use of fossil fuels for conventional power plants over a long period of time will deplete petroleum resources. Renewable Energy (RE) is increasingly in demand worldwide due to environmental concerns. The new policy requires power grids to supply a certain percentage of their load with Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The aim of writing this article is to provide an innovative management model to accelerate towards energy independent schools based on renewable energy, hybrid wind and solar energy mode. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with document study as a data source and descriptive analysis methods. This article discusses the management model in controlling the Hybrid system towards efficiency of system input and output. In addition, there is a discussion about the school community regarding energy sources and its application in schools in protecting the environment. This study found that the renewable energy management system model using a combination of HRES technology using Homer and GA, GA-based optimization is more cost-effective than Homer with a COE of at least 0.163 $/kWh and 0% unmet load. This GA based system has more PV penetration and less co2 emissions than Homer. HRES optimization is mostly achieved using artificial methods or commercial software, the artificial methods used are based on fuzzy. This study also recommends the Home PRO and Retscreen control systems as the most widely used commercial software in optimization and MPPT as the most widely used control method to ensure stability, protection and power balance of the system. This method is often used based on practical optimization, neural networks and fuzzy logic. Artificial methods are the most widely used methods in optimization because of their higher efficiency, good accuracy, and fast convergence. The disadvantage of this method is that it requires a complicated processing program. High efficiency and speed of classical methods, accuracy. The hybrid method uses the advantages of each method by maximizing performance and minimizing optimization processing time.

Graduate Student Source Analysis Method Based on Annual Report Data of Degree-Granting Information

Based on the annual data of degree-granting information accumulated by degree-granting institutions, this paper analyzes the storage structure of the database, excavates the critical information in the degree-granting information data structure, and puts forward a multi-dimensional graduate source analysis method, such as first-choice admission rate, the admission rate of recommended students, pre-graduation institution type, residential registration origin and types of colleges and universities transferring students. The limitation of using a single index of first choice admission rate to evaluate the quality of student source is improved.

Real-time discrimination of contamination source composed of multiple pollutants in surface water based on deep learning and UV–Vis spectral abundance estimation methodology

Water resources are one of the most important strategic resources for human survival and development. At present, surface water pollution incidents occur frequently, most of which are caused by enterprises' over-discharge, stolen discharge, and other activities to evade supervision. Automatic and rapid determination of pollution source types is conducive to further targeting pollution-causing enterprises and realizing scientific accountability in law enforcement. The existing method mainly adopts the pattern recognition method for pollution discrimination, which is only suitable for the situation of a single source of pollutant, and cannot identify the pollution for multiple pollution sources mixed surface water. To solve the problem of identification of mixed chemical pollutants in surface water pollution sources and identification of simultaneous emission of multiple pollution sources, a total pollution source analysis method based on spectral unmixing is proposed in this paper, which is a radial basis bilinear mixing model automatic encoder algorithm. The unsupervised autoencoder neural network method was used to solve the proportion of water pollution types by using the spectral database of water pollution sources to realize the identification function of water pollution types and determine the types of pollutant discharge enterprises. In this paper, surface water was collected as experimental samples, mixed with domestic sewage, industrial sewage, agricultural sewage, and other pollution sources, and simulated experiments were carried out to estimate the type and proportion of water pollution. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is significantly improved compared with the traditional algorithm. Among them, the accuracy of judging whether there is industrial sewage in the mixed experiment of three types of pollution is as high as 95.2%. This method provides an important basis for pollution source investigation and accountability.

Prospects for the implementation of the concept of digital citizenship in scientific libraries

The relevance of the research problem is determined by the active development of the digital society, which requires the formation of new forms of civic participation of the generation of the digital age, and Scientific libraries as leading information and communication institutions of society play a significant role in forming the value foundations of the worldview of modern youth as citizens of the digital age. The purpose of the article was to determine the prospects for the implementation of the concept of digital citizenship in scientific libraries. The research methodology was based on a combination of source analysis, comparative analysis, dialectical, systematic and logical methods of scientific research. As a result of the conducted research, it was stated that the representatives of the digital generation in the socio-communication aspect are an independent, critical, socially active community, formed thanks to the active use of the Internet and social media for obtaining information and communication. The characteristic features of the worldview of a “digital person” include fluency in digital and information-analytical technologies, speed of search and perception of new information, short attention span, giving preference to visualized information, brevity of presentation, “clip-like” perception. It is the character of the “digital person” that defines the reader not of the future, but of the present, because the generation of 20-30-year-olds is the first generation that was born in the digital world and can no longer imagine life without the mobile Internet and various gadgets, which necessitates the global transformation of traditional forms of work of libraries in the direction of active use of digital technologies. The work emphasized that university libraries should provide progressive education based on the expansion and deepening of digital competences of users, taking into account moral and ethical, socio-legal and psychological factors. The implementation of the concept of digital citizenship necessitates active digitization of library funds, expansion of the spectrum of virtual products and services, as well as active positioning of the library's activities in social networks. Prospects for further research consist in the expansion and deepening of practical recommendations for the formation of the concept of digital citizenship by means of library practices

A Combined Virtual Electrode-Based ESA and CNN Method for MI-EEG Signal Feature Extraction and Classification.

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a medium for communication between the human brain and computers, which does not rely on other human neural tissues, but only decodes Electroencephalography (EEG) signals and converts them into commands to control external devices. Motor Imagery (MI) is an important BCI paradigm that generates a spontaneous EEG signal without external stimulation by imagining limb movements to strengthen the brain's compensatory function, and it has a promising future in the field of computer-aided diagnosis and rehabilitation technology for brain diseases. However, there are a series of technical difficulties in the research of motor imagery-based brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) systems, such as: large individual differences in subjects and poor performance of the cross-subject classification model; a low signal-to-noise ratio of EEG signals and poor classification accuracy; and the poor online performance of the MI-BCI system. To address the above problems, this paper proposed a combined virtual electrode-based EEG Source Analysis (ESA) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method for MI-EEG signal feature extraction and classification. The outcomes reveal that the online MI-BCI system developed based on this method can improve the decoding ability of multi-task MI-EEG after training, it can learn generalized features from multiple subjects in cross-subject experiments and has some adaptability to the individual differences of new subjects, and it can decode the EEG intent online and realize the brain control function of the intelligent cart, which provides a new idea for the research of an online MI-BCI system.

Contamination and source-specific health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil from a mega iron and steel site in China

The iron and steel industry has always been a key and difficult point of environmental pollution control. In the present study, 493, 175, 153, 72, and 42 soil samples were collected from the soil depths of 0–0.5, 0.5–2, 2–3, 3–4, and 4–5 m (herein called the layers) of the Shougang Steel site, respectively. Compared with the evaluation criteria, the Shougang Steel surface soil was severely polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Inverse distance-weighted interpolation and the Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that the soil PAH pollution in the iron-making area, especially the coking area, was severer than those in other areas. The PAH concentrations first decreased, and then, increased with the increase of depth. With the increase in depth, the contributions of 2- and 3-ring PAHs increased, while those of 4-, 5-, and 6-ring PAHs decreased. The bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) analysis was used to identify the areas prone to soil PAH pollution due to atmospheric deposition of industrial waste gas and traffic emissions. The method could be used to analyze the impact of anthropogenic activities on soil's PAH pollution for other contaminated sites. Three main pollution sources of soil PAHs, the backfill source, the combustion of coal, and the traffic emissions, were identified based upon three diagnostic ratios, positive matrix factorization and the bivariate LISA analysis, and accounted for 53.8%, 23.5%, and 22.7%, respectively. The combination of bivariate LISA analysis and other source analysis methods could improve the accuracy of source analysis. Benzo[a]pyrene contributed the most to the total health risk among sixteen PAHs. The health risks related to the three pollution sources decreased in the order of backfill sources > coal combustion > traffic emissions. The incremental life-time carcinogenic risks were all below 10−4, indicating negligible or acceptable risks.

Effect of Source Emission Control Measures on Source of Atmospheric PM2.5 during “Parade Blue” Period

During the “Parade Blue” period in 2015, Beijing and its surrounding areas implemented mandatory temporary source control strategies, which provided experimental conditions for studying the effects of source emission control measures on the sources of atmospheric PM2.5. Analyzing the source contribution rate of the main particulate matters via the source analysis method of the receptor model is an important method for studying the atmospheric pollution. Previous studies on the “Parade Blue” period only discussed the change in PM2.5 concentration during the source control period and the source non-control period, but did not select appropriate emission sources and acceptor components to analyze the contribution ratio of each emission source to fine particulate matter pollution. In this paper, based on the receptor component spectrum and emission source component spectrum, the chemical mass balance receptor model was used for source analysis. The results showed that outdoor PM2.5 concentration was 26.31 μg/m3 in the source control period, which was less than the 40.08 μg/m3 in the source non-control period. In the source control period, motor vehicle emissions, industrial combustion and urban fugitive dust contributed significantly to the fine particulate pollution, accounting for 76–81%, 8–9% and 11–16%, respectively. In the source non-control period, the contributions of motor vehicle emissions and industrial combustion accounted for 57–59% and 41–43%, respectively, significantly higher than that of urban fugitive dust, which accounted for less than 2%. The correlation between the contribution rate of emission sources and the source control strategy was studied and analyzed during the “Parade Blue” period, and the effectiveness of the source control strategy was proved.

Efficiency of remote access services by global libraries

In the context of modern challenges and increasing demand for digital services, questions of remote library work, the use of interactive technologies aimed at the development of education, science, and civil society are quite relevant. The purpose of this study is to explore the global experience of remote access utilization in library activities, the historical peculiarities of the formation and development of distance library services in European and North American countries, the characterization of its effectiveness and prospects for its application in Ukraine. During the research, methods of generalization, comparative, and source analysis were applied. The features of remote access functioning of global libraries are highlighted, its effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages are revealed. The development of information technologies and their impact on publishing, library attendance, scientific activities, exchange of experience, etc., are characterized. Trends in the development of global libraries are identified. It is established that for most European libraries, the priority direction has become digitization and opening access to books, press, documents, archives. It is found that remote access accelerates scientific research. In the second decade of the 21st century, there is a growth in online visits to library collections. The development of remote services provision by Ukrainian libraries is highlighted, as well as the main trends in this process in the context of the RussianUkrainian war. The importance of copyright protection in the context of remote access provision is disclosed. One of the measures was the introduction of electronic lending (e-lending), which involved receiving payment for the use of copyrighted materials. It is found that remote access to library databases will face a number of challenges related to copyright protection. The results of this study have practical value for libraries, research institutions, educational institutions, local government bodies in the context of implementing remote access to sources, materials, and books. The research materials are important for further scientific research in information and library science, document and information communications, public administration, and administration