Sorting Station Research Articles

Examining the Baggage Sorting Station Assignment Problem at the Airport in Terms of Buffer Time

Havaalanı performanslarının sıralanmasındaki anahtar göstergelerden biri yanlış işlenen bagaj sayısıdır. Geciken, hasar gören veya çalınan bagaj gibi hatalı işlenen bagajlar para ve itibar kaybına ve yolcu memnuniyetsizliğine neden olmaktadır. Verimli bir bagaj işleme sistemi havaalanı performansını artıracak, yolcu şikayetlerini azaltacaktır. Bagaj işlemlerinden biri olan bagaj sıralama istasyonu atama problemi, çeşitli kısıtların göz önünde bulundurularak bagajların uçağa ulaştırılması işlemidir. Bagaj sıralama istasyonu atama probleminin amacı tüm uçuşları, kısıtları göz önünde bulundurarak sıralama istasyonlarına atamaktır. Çalışmada, bagaj sıralama istasyonu atama problemi üzerine çalışılmış ve tampon süreyle ilgili analizler yapılarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Ortaya konulan çözüm yaklaşımı gerçek verilerle problem üzerinde test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, bagaj atama probleminde tampon süre üzerinde etkili sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır.

ARF GTPases and Their Ubiquitous Role in Intracellular Trafficking Beyond the Golgi.

Molecular switches of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase family coordinate intracellular trafficking at all sorting stations along the secretory pathway, from the ER-Golgi-intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the plasma membrane (PM). Their GDP-GTP switch is essential to trigger numerous processes, including membrane deformation, cargo sorting and recruitment of downstream coat proteins and effectors, such as lipid modifying enzymes. While ARFs (in particular ARF1) had mainly been studied in the context of coat protein recruitment at the Golgi, COPI/clathrin-independent roles have emerged in the last decade. Here we review the roles of human ARF1-5 GTPases in cellular trafficking with a particular emphasis on their roles in post-Golgi secretory trafficking and in sorting in the endo-lysosomal system.

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL MODEL OF WEARING OF BRAKE PADS OF FREIGHT CARS

Purpose. This study aims to use linear models to determine the wear of brake pads of freight cars at the top and bottom for further use in solving similar practical problems. Methodology. As a working technique the known approach for controlling linear wear changes of pad parameters depending on freight cars run on a network of Ukrzaliznytsia JSC with the modernized brake levers in real operating conditions is used. Based on the obtained statistical data in the operating conditions, we the consistently found values of the corresponding regression analysis indicators for pad wear at specific points, which are recommended by regulatory documents when performing maintenance in operational units of car facilities for brake systems of freight cars. Findings. A probabilistic-statistical model of brake pad wear is constructed on the basis of experimental data collected in the respective parks of the sorting station during the operation of freight cars. The function of wear distribution for the top and bottom part of a pad by means of which the decision of practical problems is possible is offered. Also for different parts of the brake pad found its γ-percentage and average residual wear. Originality. For the first time for the brake pads of freight cars with modernized devices, the functional dependence of their wear depending on the run of cars on the network of Ukrzaliznytsia JSC was determined. Based on the received dependence the statistical model of pad wear taking into account possibilities of their use before full resource exhaustion is developed. The function of distribution of run of freight cars taking into account pad wear due to which the wear percent at the set run is also defined. Practical value. The results obtained in the work will be taken into account in the future to solve technical problems related to non-standard wear of pads in the brake systems of bogies and increase the service life of freight cars.

Installation and Debugging of Pneumatic Sorting Station in Flexible Automatic Production Line

Vocational and technical colleges attach great importance to practical teaching. Automatic production line is an important equipment for practical teaching of required courses for mechanical and electrical majors and non-mechanical and electrical majors. On the basis of analyzing the composition of flexible automatic production line and training objectives, this paper gives the structure and workflow of pneumatic sorting station, summarizes pneumatic components, and gives installation and debugging steps.

DETERMINATION OF THE HAZARD OF PLASTIC WASTE FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR UTILIZATION BY THERMAL METHODS

Recently, the production of plastics has increased several times and the demand for plastic materials continues to grow, which leads to an increase in plastic waste, which creates a number of environmental problems, as well as the potential for the waste management industry. The article considers the issues of environmental pollution due to the increase in the amount of plastic waste, their accumulation with an emphasis on various chemicals contained in plastic products to improve the properties of polymers and extend their service life. The qualitative and quantitative composition of additives, such as plasticizers, flame retardants, heat stabilizers, functional additives, dyes and fillers, which may contain heavy metals, halogens, fluorine, tosho. The impact of plastic waste on the environment and the impact on public health have been established, and the ways in which harmful substances enter the environment have been identified. Methods for detecting toxic substances in water, air and soil, and some harmful substances released from plastic products in different conditions are considered.
 The release of chemicals into the environment occurs during various processes of plastic waste management, as well as from products made from secondary raw materials. Therefore, the rational collection, transportation, sorting, storage, disposal, disposal and disposal should be carried out in such a way as to exclude the formation and release of harmful substances at every stage, ensuring continuous protection of the environment and human health, such as personnel working at sorting stations or at waste processing plants. The detection of hazardous substances in the environment and waste processing products is recognized, therefore the methodology of ensuring the safety of plastic waste management at all stages is proposed.

Prerequisites for formation and implementation of a municipal solid waste management plan in Odesa Region

The problem of efficient management of municipal solid waste (MSW) flows remains one of the most urgent environmental and socio-economic problems of the Ukrainian regions. Ineffective MSW management leads to a significant negative impact on the abiogenic and biogenic components of the environment, as well as on the Ukrainian regions' citizens' state of health. Each individual region has its specific situation that should be taken into consideration for the development and implementation of regional plans for MSW management. Usually most of these regional plans are limited by such factors as determination of the volume of generated MSW, inventory of landfills, calculation of the required number of containers and technical means, justified expediency of MSW sorting stations placement, new MSW landfills construction etc. However, little attention is paid to introduction of innovative approaches for development of an effective MSW management system. There is no systematic approach to solving the MSW-related problem and all efforts aim at eliminating the consequences, rather than changing the ultimate cause. The aim of the research is to assess the prerequisites for the formation and implementation of a MSW management plan in Odesa Region from a systematic approach perspective. The methodological basis of the research includes analysis of the existing regulatory and legislative framework in the area of regional MSW management. The work is based on the relevant published data, materials of the Draft Regional Waste Management Plan in Odesa Region by 2030, as well as the results of our own research activities. The regional MSW management plan can be implemented at the following main areas: introduction of a MSW management system in big cities (separation of easily-decomposed organic fraction and hazardous waste, creation of recycling centre and stations etc.); landfill activities (construction of waste sorting plant, construction of biochemical processing/composting facilities, biogas production); development of logistics services (transition to small garbage trucks: separate vehicles for individual MSW components or vehicles with separate sections without waste precompaction); training of qualified personnel, educational work with great masses of population. Consideration of these prerequisites during the formation and implementation of a MSW management plan in Odesa Region will help to increase the environmental safety of the population, reduce the negative impact on the environment through improvement and modernization of the existing MSW management system and achievement of the final "zero waste" condition after conversion of the maximum waste amount into liquid secondary raw materials, alternative energy source and environmentally friendly organic mineral fertilizer. The implementation of the conceptual and theoretical foundations for formation of an optimized MSW management system will contribute to the achievement of the goals of sustainable development set by Odesa Region.

ANALYSIS OF LINE EFFICIENCY IN FINISHING DEPARTMENT PT PURA NUSAPERSADA UNIT PAPER MILL 7/8

Measuring line efficiency and productivity are very important to do to find out in which level the efficiency and productivity of the business process has been carried out by the company. This paper aims to determine line efficiency analysis and provide suggestions for improvements to increase line efficiency at the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada. Measurement of line efficiency in the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada paper mill unit 7 has not yet reached the company's line efficiency value target. The initial line efficiency assessment obtained a percentage of 65.14% while the company's target was 70%. In this paper, a fishbone diagram is used to determine the root cause of the problem. Based on the research results, it was found that the most dominant cause of the problem was the inefficient work elements at the cutter, sorting, pollar, and packing work stations. Improvements were made using the eliminate, combine, re-arrange, and simplify (ECRS) method and the results of the line efficiency improvements in the finishing department increased to 71.90% and the company's target can be met.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ТВЕРДИМИ ПОБУТОВИМИ ВІДХОДАМИ У КРЕМЕНЧУЦЬКІЙ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНІЙ ГРОМАДІ

Purpose. Many years of experience in the operation of landfills for solid waste has contributed to the development of a number of measures aimed at preventing their adverse effects on the environment. In the case of separate waste collection, up to 70–80 % of useful resources can be removed from their total amount. Removal of valuable components will have a positive effect on reducing the amount of waste to be disposed of, reduce the negative impact on the environment, and offset the costs of procurement of secondary raw materials. Methodology. In order to reduce the level of danger of the landfill, the problem of solid waste management in the Kremenchuk territorial community was studied. The current directions of improvement of the waste collection and utilization system are considered. To determine the components of waste that should be sorted, studies of the morphological composition of solid waste, as well as analyzed the possibilities of their processing in Ukraine. Results. A system of primary sorting and removal of useful components at the stage of waste collection is proposed. A set of technological solutions for optimizing the waste treatment system is recommended. Based on the research, it is concluded that the existing waste management system in Kremenchuk should be supplemented by separate collection of hazardous and organic waste, to introduce separate waste collection in the private sector. The proposed optimization of the waste management system will reduce the load on the landfill; reduce the negative impact on all components of the environment. It is also proposed to expand the infrastructure of the landfill by building the following facilities: a municipal center for sorting solid waste, a sorting station, a complex for composting organic waste. Originality. Thanks to the proposed integrated approach to waste management, which is a combination of mechanical separation and biological treatment of waste, it will be possible to reduce the amount of leachate and biogas, reduce the load on the landfill, and reduce the negative impact of waste on soils and groundwater. Practical value. Creating an effective waste management system will help improve the state of environmental and sanitary-epidemiological safety in the community. References 11, tables 3, figures 2.

Дослідження впливу різних факторів календарного планування вантажної роботи на підвищення переробної спроможності сортувальної станціі

В статті проведено аналіз існуючого стану переробної спроможності маневрових пристроїв і наведені перспективні показники, одержувані за рахунок оптимізації планів навантаження. Показано, що одним з основних напрямків розвитку державних сортувальних станцій є перегляд основних підходів та методів планування роботи станцій. На основі проведеного дослідження впливу різних факторів календарного планування вантажної роботи надані рекомендації щодо оптимізації роботи сортувальних гірок в сортувальному парку магістральної станції.

Quality control of palm oil crude (CPO) using six sigma method in PT Karya Tanah Subur West Aceh regency

The rapid world demand for palm oil shows an increasing tendency towards product consumption in palm oil raw materials. PT. Karya Tanah Subur is a company engaged in processing fresh fruit bunches that produce palm oil and palm kernel. Six Sigma is a method used to provide solutions and find the cause of product defects by providing a proposed improvement in several stages. The results showed that the causes of CPO oil quality discrepancies were obtained in the cause-and-effect diagram analysis, namely factors of workers, production machinery, work methods, materials. While the defect per million opportunities in free fatty acid levels is 35,528, impurities content is 18,899 and water content is 14,719. Based on the value of the average sigma level for free fatty acid levels that is equal to 3.38, the level of impurities sigma value of 3.57 and the water content of the sigma value of 3.68 sigma. Proposed improvement of product defects mismatch with the 5W + 1H method, namely in free fatty acid levels, work system improvements in the sorting of fresh fruit bunches, provide training to operators in the selection of appropriate fruits while impurities by monitoring oil purification operators, machine maintenance cleaning periodically at the sorting station, periodic checking every hour, while the moisture content of the corrective action that must be taken is to supervise the sterilizer operator.

Method for substantiating the spheres of application of shunting locomotives at sorting stations

Shunting work on sorting wagons is carried out on steeper profiles and requires the operation of shunting diesel locomotives of a higher power. Many sorting operations use double traction of shunting locomotives in conditions of the highly outdated fleet of shunting diesel locomotives. However, the technology of operating two shunting locomotives requires substantiation of its scope of application. In this article, using the example of station “X”, the technology of disbanding trains from the sorting hump is investigated in two ways: the first is the existing technology (work on disbanding trains is carried out using two shunting locomotives of the TEM-2 series), shunting locomotive of TEM-7 series. It has been determined that in the existing technology, the required processing capacity of the hill approaches its maximum value. When using the TEM-7 diesel locomotive, the maximum processing capacity of the hill increases by 27%. The sphere of efficiency of the TEM-7 series locomotive instead of two TEM-2 was substantiated by the method of technical and economic calculations.

Анализ основных проблем по обработке транзитных поездов на внеклассной сортировочной станции Екатеринбург-Сортировочный

The article deals with the main problems of handling transit trains at a large out-of-class sorting station of the Sverdlovsk railway Yekaterinburg-Sortirovochny. The analysis of all possible current problems in the promotion of transit cargo was made, and promising ways of solving them are developed and proposed. The Yekaterinburg-Sortirovochny station has a huge potential and plays an important role in the international relations of modern Russia with China, as it is located within the Eurasian Transport Corridor connecting Moscow and Beijing. At present, the speed of cargo handling and delivery in transit trains within the transport corridor also affects the strengthening of international relations. It is concluded that it is necessary to reduce the downtime of transit trains at the station and introduce a new structure for their handling.

AI-enhanced Identification, Inspection and Sorting for Reverse Logistics in Remanufacturing

In a circular economy for remanufacturing, after each life cycle used products are returned to a remanufacturer for identification, inspection, sorting and reprocessing. Shortcomings and requirements of the remanufacturing market are identified through expert interviews and process analysis. A concept is proposed to enable an improved identification and a more objective inspection by enhancing the working environment and processes of sorting stations. Digitization and machine learning are applied on business data, using machine vision as well as sensor and actor skills of the worker. With an experimental case study on visual object recognition a positive impact on identification and thus sorting could be demonstrated.

دراسة تحليلية لسلسلة القيمة لمحصول البطاطس بمحافظة المنوفية

دراسة تحليلية لسلسلة القيمة لمحصول البطاطس بمحافظة المنوفية

Lean Manufacturing Approach to Minimize Waste in The Process of Sorting Palm Oil Using the Value Stream Mapping Method

This research uses lean manufacturing approach and mapping the production line of a product which includes material and information from each work activity using value stream mapping method to minimize waste. Problems faced by oil palm companies can be seen in more detail in the sorting process. The company does not realize that there are many ways of working that can be improved to become more effective and efficient, from checking to grouping the quality standards of palm oil. The sorting activities are carried out from weighing FFB to selecting the quality of oil palm. The results of this study showed that the value-added activity was 69.9920863 minutes with a process cycle efficiency rate of 27.392122%. After repairs were made, it was found that the activity of moving the palm fruit to the sorting station, the palm fruit waiting to be unloaded from the truck, the palm fruit being unloaded and sorted from the truck in the palm sorting process is an activity that has no added value, so it needs to be improved. The improvement results show an increase in process cycle efficiency to 46.909592%.

Coke-Battery Disposal of Solid Municipal Waste

Potentially, the residues of solid municipal waste from the sorting station could be sent for disposal in coke batteries. A system is proposed for the preparation of such waste so as to permit its disposal in coke batteries. The maximum balance and composition of gas from waste pyrolysis are determined experimentally. The influence of the temperature and the heating rate of the product yield from waste pyrolysis is studied. The disposal of the residues of solid municipal waste in coke batteries is shown to be possible, after appropriate preparation of the waste. No change is expected in the yield and quality of coke and the coking byproducts.

Selective suppression of amplitudes of frictional oscillations

Maintenance of sanitary codes and standards during operation of railway sorting sta-tions, in particular, standards which concern noise levels, is now the most pressing task. The analysis of noise has been carried out during operation of brake beams of car hump retarders with car wheelsets; the most problem frequency ranges have been revealed. On the basis of mod-elling bench tests with application of techniques of physical and mathematical modelling and tribospectral identification of friction processes we carried out selection of noise-suppressing cladding material which would reduce the level of acoustic noise at interaction of metal surfaces. Results of operational trials have confirmed efficiency of the chosen material in noise reduction.

INVESTIGATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF RAILWAY STATIONS USING PETRI NETS

Purpose. The work is aimed to determine the rational parameters of a railway station based on the simulation modeling of its functioning process, presented by the Petri net in QPNet using the proposed methodology of technical and economic comparison of equipment options. Methodology. The authors presented a methodology for formalizing the functioning of the sorting complex using a Petri net in QPNet. Particular attention is paid to the formalization of the operation of the hump locomotive. Methodology of technical and economic comparison of equipment options for the sorting complex was developed. It is based on the use of modified summarized costs. Findings. The authors performed a review of existing simulation systems, which can be specialized and universal. Specialized ones have richer display capabilities, allow you to create models for specific objects faster and more accurately, and as a result you can get the best set of results with their help. At the same time, the universal systems gained greater recognition, despite the requirement of some refinement and adaptation to a specific process, since specialized simulation systems are paid or insufficiently advertised, which does not allow a wide circle of researchers to use them to solve the set tasks. The paper presents the operation results of sorting complex with various equipment, obtained by simulation in the QPNet. The obtained values of the technical and technological parameters of the sorting complex became the basis for determining rational measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the sorting station in various operating conditions. Originality lies in improving the simulation model of the sorting complex which functioning is represented by the temporary Petri net. This, unlike other models, allows you to take into account the additional time of hump locomotive occupation by other operations not directly related with trains breaking-up. Practical value of the improved simulation model of the sorting complex presented in the work lies in the ability to more accurately take into account the influence of the technical equipment parameters of the railway station on its performance.

Совершенствование методики проектирования сортировочных горок для формализации в программные продукты

For stable and rhythmic operation of the sorting station, the design of a sorting slide is necessary. The parameters of the sorting slide during design are determined in accordance with the methodology “Rules and norms for the design of sorting devices for 1520 mm gauge railways". The estimated height should provide the most difficult route of the sorting park. The results of the analysis of the methodology for determining the difficult from the point of view of rolling the sorting park path are presented, a formula is proposed that simplifies the procedure for determining such a path. It is possible to transfer calculations to a computer program even in the process of developing a neck plan for a sorting park.

Functional cycle of EEA1-positive early endosome: Direct evidence for pre-existing compartment of degradative pathway.

Early endosomes, regarded as the main sorting station on endocytic pathway, are characterized by high frequency of homotypic fusions mediated by tethering protein EEA1. Despite intensive investigations, biogenesis of endosomes, boundaries between early and late endosomes, and process of cargo transition though them remain obscure. Here, using EGF/EGFR endocytosis as a model and confocal microscopy of fixed and live cells, we provide evidence favoring EEA1-vesicles being pre-existed vesicular compartment, that maintains its resident proteins’ level and is sensitive to biosynthetic, but not endocytic pathway disturbance. EEA1-vesicles directly fuse with incoming EGF/EGFR-vesicles into hybrid endosomes with separated EEA1- and EGFR-domains, thus providing a platform for rapid achievement of an excess of surface-derived membrane that is used to form intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Thus, multivesicular structures colocalized with EEA1 are still early endosomes. “EEA1-cycle” ends by exclusion of EGFR-containing domains with ILVs inside that turns into MVE and restoration of initial EEA1-vesicles population.