Sorting Station Research Articles

Transport mechanisms between the endocytic, recycling, and biosynthetic pathways via endosomes and the trans-Golgi network.

After the endocytic and biosynthetic pathway converge, they partially share the route to the lysosome/vacuole. Similarly, the endocytic recycling and secretory pathways also partially share the route to the plasma membrane. The interaction of these transport pathways is mediated by endosomes and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), which act as sorting stations in endocytic and biosynthesis pathway, and endosomes has a bidirectional transport to and from the TGN. In mammalian cells endosomes can be largely classified as early/sorting, late, and recycling endosomes, based on their morphological features and localization of Rab family proteins, which are key factors in vesicular trafficking. However, these endosomes do not necessarily represent specific compartments that are comparable among different species. For instance, Rab5 localizes to early endosomes in mammalian cells but is widely localized to early-to-late endosomes in yeast, and to pre-vacuolar endosomes and the TGN in plant cells. The SNARE complexes are also key factors widely conserved among species and localized specifically to the endosomal membrane, but the localization of respective homologs is not necessarily consistent among species. These facts suggest that endosomes should be classified more inclusively across species. Here we reconsider the mammalian endosome system based on findings in budding yeast and other species and discuss the differences and similarities between them.

Practical quantitative research on technological impact on Australia post facilities' processing capacity

Australia Post has seen increasing demands for its service and in response to this, an automated sorting station and an artificial intelligence-based prioritization system have been installed separately in Tullamarine and Mascot in 2019. This essay aims to answer the question: Can the technology the automated sorting station and the artificial intelligence-based prioritization system effectively improve the processing capability of Australia Post? Four hypotheses will be raised. Selected data for each hypothesis will firstly be described and visualized, then the data will be tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test for normal distribution. According to the Shapiro-Wilk test result and the hypothesis, different statistic tests will be selected to analyze the data followed by the interpretation of the result. In conclusion, the technology - the automated sorting station and the artificial intelligence-based prioritization system can effectively improve the processing capability of Australia Post, and there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two technologies.

RESEARCH OF CHANGES IN THE POWER OF CAR FLOW AT THE SHUTTING STATION DURING THE PERIOD OF MILITARY ACTIONS

It is impossible to solve the problem of improving the system of organizing car flows in trains at the current level of information support without creating an information and management system that will integrate into a single information and computing space the most important optimization tasks covering all levels of managing the process of freight transportation on railway transport, such as such as the calculation of the routing of car flows from loaded and empty cars, the calculation of the plan for the formation of freight trains at the training ground of the main technical stations, the calculation of the plan for the formation of local trains in the areas of local work, and the construction of adjusted operational plans for the operation of stations. The aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine fundamentally changed the system of railway transport of Ukraine. The volume of cargo transportation by rail transport during military operations in the east of Ukraine decreased by 37% in 2022, but already in 2023, an increase in the transportation of some types of cargo began, in particular, grain cargo, mineral construction materials, dangerous bulk cargoes, military equipment. Transportation of goods by railways of Ukraine, especially during military operations, is not carried out evenly over a long period of time and has fluctuations in the capacity of car flows. The updated directions of their tracking, which depend on the technical condition of the railway infrastructure for the current period, lead to a change in the direction of tracking of car flows and, as a consequence, their organization into trains according to the formation plan at technical stations. The conducted studies established that the capacities of car flows are random values, therefore it is advisable to use mathematical statistics methods for their description, and modeling methods for forecasting work with them. Those car flows that arrive at the sorting station most of all fall under the geometric law of distribution of a random variable depending on the power of the direction of arrival, which has a significant impact on the accumulation parameter at the station. Fluctuations in the capacity of car flows are quite significant and depend on a sufficiently large number of factors. For the operational planning of the work of sorting stations, it is necessary to take the characteristics of the current state or a sample of data for short periods (a decade, a week), that is, it is necessary to constantly analyze the data from the ASK of the VP UZ - there is, therefore, a study of the capacity of car flows in the technical station during the period of changing their directions is an actual task and can be used to adjust the dispatcher routing and the plan for the formation of single-group and group freight trains.

IMPROVING THE INTERACTION OF THE TYPES OF TRUCK TRANSPORTATION AT THE "NIBULON" TERMINAL IN KREMENCHUTS WHEN TRANSPORTING GRAIN LOADS

Purpose. Russia's full-scale military aggression against Ukraine significantly disrupted logistics chains, including those that ensured the export of grain. The classic transportation system at “Niboulon” terminals is focused on transshipment of grain from road to river transport with subsequent transportation to foreign countries by “river-sea” vessels. To ensure the full operation of grain terminals after disruption of water transport in the water area of the Dnipro River, it is advisable to conduct a study on the shipment of grain products to alternative modes of transport (road, rail). Accordingly, the purpose of the research is to improve the interaction of types of freight transport at the Kremenchug terminal “Nibullon” in today's conditions when the work of water transport is blocked. The classic operation scheme of the "Nibulon" grain terminal was analyzed. Scientific methods and a method of improving the interaction of different types of transport in the terminal during grain transshipment are substantiated, the determination of the optimal mass of products transferred from the terminal to the main transport is proposed. Methods. An analysis of literary sources was carried out, which made it possible to establish the peculiarities of grain transportation. Methods of set theory, theory of algorithms, theory of transport processes and systems, theory of systems are used. It was established that the optimal mass of products transferred from the terminal to the main transport depends on the average daily number of cars, the gross weight of the car, the traction characteristics of the shunting locomotive and the distance between the terminal and the sorting station of the main transport. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty obtained as a result of the research to which the article is devoted is the method of determining the average daily number of vehicles (cars, wagons, ships) arriving at the Kremenchug terminal "Nibulon", which depends on the average annual cargo turnover for each mode of transport, the weight of the cargo in the vehicle and the number of working days per year of each type. Practical significance. The mathematical expectation of the optimal mass of grain products transferred from the terminal to the main railway transport is established. In further research, the obtained results will be used as initial data for modeling the operation of grain terminals located along the Dnipro riverbed, and in the future - in the direction of the Black Sea ports of Ukraine.

Molecular Players at the Sorting Stations of Malaria Parasite 'Plasmodium falciparum'.

The apicomplexan pathogenic parasite 'Plasmodium falciparum' (Pf) is responsible for most of the malaria related mortality. It resides in and refurbishes the infected red blood cells (iRBCs) for its own survival and to suffice its metabolic needs. Remodeling of host erythrocytes involves alteration of physical and biochemical properties of the membrane and genesis of new parasite induced structures within the iRBCs. The generated structures include knobs and solute ion channels on the erythrocyte surface and specialized organelles i.e. Maurer's clefts (MCs) in the iRBC cytosol. The above processes are mediated by exporting a large repertoire of proteins to the host cell, most of which are transported via MCs, the sorting stations in parasitized erythrocytes. Information about MC biogenesis and the molecules involved in maintaining MC architecture remains incompletely elucidated. Here, we have compiled a list of experimentally known MC resident proteins, several of which have roles in maintaining its architecture and function. Our short review covers available data on the domain organization, orthologues, topology and specific roles of these proteins. We highlight the current knowledge gaps in our understanding of MCs as crucial organelles involved in parasite biology and disease pathogenesis.

IMPLEMENTATION OF IO-LINK TECHNOLOGY INTO THE HANDLING AND SORTING SUB-STATION OF THE FESTO FMS 500 AUTOMATED LINE

The article deals with implementing IO-LINK components in the sorting station of the FESTO FMS 500 automated line and their experimental verification based on the principles of IO-LINK technology. The implementation of such technology also includes the upgrade of the PLC control to PLC S7-1500 (SIEMENS), the addition of an IO-LINK device (BALLUFF BNI005H), and a signaling light device from the same company (SMARTLIGHT BNI007F), which ensures the indication of workplace state. Communication between the PLC device and the IO-LINK devices is carried out via the PROFINET communication network. Installing the signaling light device at the sorting station of the automated line provides light signaling messages for the operator (concerning the standard STN EN 61310-1). For example, the indication of the filling of the reserve warehouse using a light signaling message means the operator needs to empty the individual warehouses to repeat the sorting operation. In addition, part of the article is the implementation and evaluation of experimental measurements, the aim of which is to determine both the individual sorting times of various components, as well as determining their maximum number during the sorting process in connection with increasing the level of automation of the sorting station as such.

Immersive Digital Twin under ISO 23247 Applied to Flexible Manufacturing Processes

Digital twin (DT) technology provides a path for implementing cyber–physical systems (CPS) and developing smart manufacturing because they are essential tools for monitoring and controlling manufacturing processes. It is considered a vital technology in smart manufacturing and is being widely researched in academia and industry. Furthermore, the combination of DTs and immersive environments has shown great potential for integrating novel capabilities into the new generation of CPS. This research presents an architecture for implementing immersive digital twins under ISO 23247 in flexible manufacturing processes. The proposed system is based on the integration of DT technologies in conjunction with augmented reality (AR) and gesture tracking, and validation was performed in the sorting station of the MPS 500 to increase the interaction and flexibility between physical and virtual environments in real time, thus enhancing the capabilities of the DT. The methodology used for the design and implementation of the DT includes (1) general principles and requirements; (2) models with functional views based on domains and entities; (3) attributes of the observable manufacturing elements; and (4) protocols for the exchange of information between entities. The results show that the integration of these technologies improves the monitoring, control, and simulation capabilities of processes using 3D resources and immersive environments, achieving a higher level of interactivity. In addition, error detection tests were carried out, where a reduction of time was observed in the resolution of errors that may be caused by internal or external disturbances of the process, thus avoiding production delays.

Improving the standardization of wagon standby time at the sorting station

The aim of the work is to improve the methods of determining the standby time of transit recycling wagons at the sorting station. Systems analysis, analytical, graphical modeling, Ishikawi scheme and methods of comparing the performance of transit and local carriages were used. The reasons for the extra time lost by the wagons at the railway stations were given. Methods of adjusting the stopping time of wagons at the sorting station and their advantages, disadvantages and error rates were studied. The options and time costs of moving the wagon from one loading to the unloading location were analyzed, and the negative factors that cause the wagons to be overstayed at the sorting station were identified. In order to increase the level of performance of the sorting station performance and speed up the delivery of goods, a four-step method of reasonable standardization of the stopping time of wagons was recommended. This method allows you to analyze the time spent on each operation of the wagon on the road, to identify and eliminate inefficient time losses in a timely manner, to identify negative factors and increase the accuracy of standardization methods by 5-10%.

Digital technologies for artesian water logistics process management

The paper defines the complexity of artesian water logistics processes between the production site and the consumer. The stages of the process and the conditions influencing the speed of its implementation and changes in its status are presented. The purpose of the research is to create a formal model necessary for the functioning of an information system for managing logistic processes and predicting their changes in order to effectively use the resources providing loading, unloading and delivery of finished products between the place of production and consumers (warehouses, sorting stations, etc.). The use of methods of structural analysis, synthesis and observation allowed to identify key objects and links between them, influencing the change of processes of the problem area. On the basis of the obtained results, an agent model was created using the methodology of simulation modelling, which allows to implement scenarios of behavior of delivery of finished goods depending on the given conditions of transport flows, external conditions and other parameters.

Enhancement of local traffic management systems using information technology

In the article the analysis and researches on optimization of the process of transfer and assembly of local wagons at freight stations in railway transport are carried out. In particular, on the basis of the results of the work a structural scheme for effective organization of the wagon flow has been carried out to optimize the work on formatting of multi-group trains serving intermediate stations located on the railroad site at technical stations, to improve the technologies of transfer and withdrawal of wagons to intermediate stations. Chukursay sorting station under the jurisdiction of “Uzbekistan Railways” JSC and intermediate stations (mainly located on the southern line), where the formation of multi-group trains from the sorting station is planned, were selected as the object of research. Has been researched proportion of staying local wagon-flows over-standard at stations and railroad haul. According to it, the highest number of stays is in the proportion of technical stations (42% in relation to total stays) and intermediate stations (31% in relation to total stays). A target function has been developed to transfer local wagon flows to and from intermediate stations. In order to solve the problems, a program for determining the layout scheme of wagons in the composition of the train has been developed and proposals for its introduction into practice have been made.

Line Balancing Analysis in Ribbed Smoked Sheet Production Using Heuristics Methods (Study at PT. Wabin Jayatama, Serang, Banten, Indonesia)

Production line balancing is done to increase line efficiency. Product flow between workstations is stated to be better when the percentage of line efficiency is higher. One of the factors that can hinder the smooth running of a line is a bottleneck. The occurrence of a bottleneck at the Ribbed Smoked Sheet production station, namely the milling and sorting station, at PT. Wabin Jayatama caused the production line to become unbalanced. The output that will be generated from this research is the efficiency level of the actual production line and the proposed design of a production line with more optimal efficiency, which will later be used as a consideration for recommendations to improve the performance of the company's production line. This research was carried out using the Kilbridge & Wester Heuristic method and the Ranked Positional Weights Heuristic method. The results of the line balance analysis showed that the production line had a higher line efficiency (LE) of 50.05%, an increase by 25.62% to 75.67%. The initial line balance delay (BD) of 49.55% can be reduced by 25.22% to 24.33%. Then the Smoothest Index (SI) of 447.74 can decrease by 360.51 to 87.23.

Digital design trends of train and shunting operations at railway stations

This article explores in detail the problems associated with the digitization of train and shunting work at railway stations. Based on the analysis of the indicators of the use of the “Ch” station under the JSC “Uzbekistan Railways”, the factors that negatively affect the development of the digitization stages have been studied. A daily executed work-plan graph of the sorting station was also studied in real-time conditions. It found that the finished contents would remain standing at the station departure park for an average of 4 hours or more. One of the main reasons for this was the insufficient capacity of the adjacent station to handle trains. The station staff were therefore shown to be making possible the formation of “abandoned trains”. Recommendations were made to introduce a digitized complex system to improve train and shunting operations at railway stations. The functional capabilities of the proposed system were analyzed. Key words: railway station, loading of station, “abandoned train”, station daily executed work-plan graph, sorting hump capacity, digitized system, functional capacity, software.

Strategic approach towards sustainability by promoting circular economy-based municipal solid waste management system- A review

The evolution of population and swift urbanization has augmented the quantum of municipal solid waste (MSW) across the globe. The MSW has numerous problems, such as health issues, climate change, societal imbalance, etc. Decision-makers continuously investigate a practical and viable solution for eradicating the solid waste management issue. The circular economy offers a critical solution for managing solid waste with a more organized and constructive approach. The study proposes the key facets to design a solid waste management system driven by the circular economy. The circular economy framework emphasizes the 4 R’s- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover. The review instils the importance of a waste collection and sorting station, waste treatment methods, and recovery of valuables from waste. The importance of policies and legislation in solid waste management systems with cases of developed countries are also discussed. The study further elaborates on the various aspects of the circular economy, including economic, social, and environmental paradigms. An insight into achieving sustainability through a circular economy-based MSW management system is presented. CE-based waste management offers eco-friendly business models, environmental justice, and upliftment of social well-being. The paper acknowledges the worldwide business groups that have adopted the circular economy and are trying to achieve sustainability. The opportunities cited by globally renowned organizations to limit waste generation and observe material recycling and reuse in their workspace and products have also been highlighted. The study offers an understanding of the system that brings prosperity and harmony to society.

Automatic Sorting Machine Using PLC and HMI Technique

The automatic sorter machine using PLC is a system that sorts productsbasedonspecificcriteriasuchas size, weight, or color. The system consists of a programmable logic controller (PLC), sensors, actuators, motors, conveyor system, power supply, programming software, HMI development software, and communication protocols. The sorting process is automated, with the PLC controlling them ovement of products to the sorting stations based on the selected sensors'feedback. The HMI allows the operator to monitor and control the sorting process and displays information such as the status of the machine, the number of products sorted, and any errors or alarms. The system's design and implementation require careful consideration of the sorting requirements, selection of appropriate sensors and actuators, design of the control algorithm, programming of the PLC, development of the HMI, testing and commissioning, and maintenance and optimization. The automatic sorter machine using PLC is a reliable and efficient solution for automated sorting processes in various industries such as manufacturing, packaging, and logistics.

Decision making and economical optimization of a city scale solid waste management system: An integrated model simulation on Kolkata, India

Kolkata with total population of 11 million as on 2022 generates 800–850 gm of MSW per capita per day which is expected to reach 1500 g/capita/day by 2040. The waste generated from 16 number of boroughs is openly disposed to the major non-engineered eastern landfill site Dhapa without having any proper source segregation, processing and treatment. The estimated present cost of total solid waste management is around 2,507,238 Rs/day which demands an urgent economic analysis through cost optimization. Dhapa with total landfill area of 40 ha is exhausted with its 30 years long legacy waste. As Hon’ble National Green Tribunal (NGT) has mandated bio-mining of old landfill site in India, it is expected that the Dhapa landfill area will be reclaimed by 2024. The objective of this paper is to implement a futuristic Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) model over the existing SWM scenario of Kolkata incorporating an eastern transfer station consisting sorting station, incineration and composting plant followed by converting Dhapa as a major engineered landfill site. Using LINGO optimization software, the model was run and solved. As a result, a total reduction in waste management cost by 43% and landfilling cost by 48% is possible. Further vehicle optimization shows reduction in total SWM cost and waste transportation cost by 70% and 16% respectively. If the SWM system is operated by optimized compactors, a total cost minimization of 73% is achievable. This generic methodology can be applicable to any inefficient waste management system of Indian cities to cope up with the economic aspects and reaching towards sustainability.

Improving the Efficiency of Screen Type Potato Sorting Machines by a Modification of the Sieve Drive Movement Algorithm

The paper considers a promising and effective screen-type potato sorting, included in the mechanized complex for potato post-harvest processing and storage. The main technological equipment of potato sorting stations is a sorting device that separates potato tubers into size fractions. The paper emphasizes the relevance of developing effective methods for designing and calculating the parameters of this type sorting devices. (Research purpose) To upgrade the sizing machine drive by modifying the sieve movement patterns for improving its operation efficiency. (Materials and methods) The present research exploits the critical analysis methods of the theory of mechanisms and machines in order to design the optimal design of a sieve-type potato sorting drive. It is proposed to use a two–stage drive mechanism. To compare the movement patterns of the screen sieves, the efficiency coefficient has been calculated for two drive options. (Results and discussion) It is obtained that the sieve efficiency coefficient is 0.30-1.65 for a screen type sorting device with a two–stage drive mechanism, and equals 0.27-1.35 for a screen type sorting device with a crank drive mechanism. (Conclusions) It is recommended to use a lower drive shaft speed of – 13.12-14.76 radians per second, at the crank angular velocity of 20 radians per second in the crank drive mechanism. The sieve mounting angles are to be set within 6-8 degrees.

Neuronal stress granules as dynamic microcompartments: current concepts and open questions.

Stress granules are cytosolic, membraneless RNA-protein complexes that form in the cytosol in response to various stressors. Stress granules form through a process termed liquid-liquid phase separation, which increases the local concentration of RNA and protein within the granules, creates dynamic sorting stations for mRNAs and associated proteins, and modulates the availability of mRNA for protein translation. We introduce the concept that neuronal stress granules act as dynamic cytosolic microcompartments in which their components differentially cycle in and out, monitoring the cellular environment. We discuss that neuronal stress granules have distinctive features and contain substructures in which individual components interact transiently. We describe that neuronal stress granules modulate protein expression at multiple levels and affect the proteoform profile of the cytoskeletal protein tau. We argue that a better knowledge of the regulation of stress granule dynamics in neurons and the modulation of their material state is necessary to understand their function during physiological and pathological stress responses. Finally, we delineate approaches to determine the behavior and regulation of critical stress granule organizers and the physical state of stress granules in living neurons.

THE CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SORTING STATION

The purpose of the work is to analyze the performance of the main work indicators of the sorting station and to analyze the modern state and stages of development of assessment methods. In this case, all methods were divided into two categories, the advantages and disadvantages of which were studied. Through this case, proposals and recommendations were developed on the application of methods of management theory in the work activities of the sorting station. As a result, the advantages of the most optimal methods for analyzing and assessing the level of implementation of the most basic operating indicator of the qualifying station – the technical standards “wagon standing time” were indicated.

Giving ERK a jERK from the endosome

Endosomes, long considered as sorting stations for downregulation and recycling of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are now well-established sites of signal transduction. Recent work from the groups of Jin Zhang and Roger Sunahara features endosomes as signaling hubs and physical platforms for noncanonical activation of ERK by GPCRs.

Раціоналізація спільної роботи залізничних станцій у вузлі

In this work the variants of rational technology for the redistribution of the sorting and shunting work between sorting and freight stations in the formation of the gear trains, taking into account possible detailed the selection of individual groups of cars for specific cargo fronts .This gives the possibility of optimal use of screening devices and shunting locomotives as sorting and freight stations, as well as the reduction of the length of time of local cars during the execution of the basic technological operations in the railway node. The studies of the structure of volumes with the processing of coming to the sorting stations, it was found that of the total local traffic volume ranges from 7% to 12% and the accumulation time of trains gear trains – up to 8 hours or more. Given that the time for the completion of the formation of these compounds through an slide in the rail yard for much less than freight (depending on the number of groups of wagons ) and that the cost of recycling of one car on the yard and station at 5 – 6 times less than the cargo, was asked to undertake the completion of the formation to the exactions of railway freight fronts in the rail yard, especially at this time when the reduction in the total amount of work sorting slides have sufficient reserve processing capacity. The dependences for determining the number of groups of wagons with defined assignment freight station in trains transfer trains, as well as finding the average number of uncoupling , which determines the amount of shunting work on the exhaust paths.