Good Sorting Research Articles

Quantifying the control of pore types on fluid mobility in low-permeability conglomerates by integrating various experiments

Pore types strongly influence fluid mobility of reservoirs. For a given porosity in different rocks, the movable fluid saturation can differ >30%. Previous studies commonly attribute this phenomenon to the differences in throat but ignore the importance of pore types. An effective method, which integrates nuclear magnetic resonance, LAVFS-SEM and nitrogen gas adsorption experiments, was established to quantitatively investigate the abundance and size distributions of different pore types, and their control on fluid mobility in conglomerates from the Mahu Sag, China. Furthermore, the geological control of intergranular (dissolution) pores (InterG-Ds) is analyzed. The pores characterized by N2GA are mainly clay-related pores (CRPs), and the shape of hysteresis loop is related to the type of clay minerals. InterG-Ds are mainly distributed > 1 μm, corresponding to the P3 and P2 in T2 spectrum. Intragranular dissolution pores range from tens of nanometers to ten micrometers, associated with P2 and P1. CRPs are below 900 nm and associated with P1. The content of InterG-Ds controls fluid mobility of conglomerates. 190 × 10−4mL/g is the lower limit of InterG-D volume, which can judge that the continuous percolation network (CPN) is composed by only InterG-Ds. 45 × 10−4mL/g is the upper limit of the InterG-D volume to determine that the CPN consists of only CRPs. With the decrease of InterG-D volume, both movable fluid porosity and permeability reduce. Good sorting and abundant rigid particles are prerequisites for the development of InterG-Ds. Cementation can significantly reduce InterG-Ds volume, while feldspar dissolution can increase InterG-D volume.

Awareness Level of Retail Investors on Stock Market in Chennai City

The globalization of monetary markets has been increasing the dimensions of retail investor community over the past three decades by providing a good sort of market and investment options. Hence, it makes their investment decisions process more complex. The present study aims to study the awareness of investors on stock market. The data were collected from 100 retail stock market investors of Chennai using structured questionnaire. The analysis is made using percentage and mean value. The study proves that post graduate, professional, high income level investors are aware of investment patterns through friends, neighbors and they yield a good income. The study also reveals that the retail investors are even aware of the fundamental and technical analysis of investment, which helps them for a better and wise investment.

Investigation of pore structure and reservoir quality of Eocene beach-bar sandstones in Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

The Eocene beach-bar sandstones are among the most important petroleum exploration targets of Dongying Depression, China. A little is known about the heterogeneous pore structure characteristics, contributing factors and their relations with highly variable macroscopic petrophysical properties. In this study, various testing techniques and methods have been conducted to investigate the depositional and diagenetic features, petrophysical properties and pore structure characters. Three major lithologies, namely fine sandstones, siltstones and argillaceous siltstones, are identified with distinct sandstones texture, diagenetic components and petrophysical properties. Relatively good sorting and large particle size are the dominant sedimentological factors that result in well-preserved primary porosity of fine sandstones. The exceptionally high permeability of argillaceous siltstones with low porosity is largely related with micro-fractures. Compaction is the main porosity-reducing factor of beach-bar sandstones, in addition to cementation of carbonate, quartz overgrowth and clay. Dissolution process crucially depends on the preservation of primary porosity, and it is often limited due to strong compaction. The reconstructed pore network and MICP experiments both suggest that the pore space connectivity is closed related with pore and throat size, and large pore throats are more likely to be connected by neighboring throats and form connected paths in the sandstones. The large pore systems determine the reservoir quality by contributing the vast majority of permeability, even if they may occupy small proportion of pore volume. The pore structures of fine sandstones mainly consist of large pore systems, which cause favorable high reservoir quality and strong correlations between porosity and permeability. The unfavorable reservoir quality, great fractal dimensions and poor correlations between porosity and permeability of argillaceous siltstones samples are largely attributed to the dominating micro pore throats.

The Year 1000: When Explorers Connected the World – and Globalization Began by Valerie Hansen

Reviewed by: The Year 1000: When Explorers Connected the World – and Globalization Began by Valerie Hansen Jonathan Good valerie hansen, The Year 1000: When Explorers Connected the World – and Globalization Began. New York: Scribner, 2020. Pp. x, 300; 16 plates. isbn: 978–1501194108. $30. Valerie Hansen is the co-author of Voyages in World History, one of the most popular world history textbooks on the US college market today, and The Year 1000 grows out of that expertise. Its immediate inspiration was Hansen’s realization that the central Asian Turkic Karakhanids took Kashgar (now in Xinjiang, China) in 1006, a year after the Liao and Song dynasties ratified the treaty of Chanyuan—both of which occurred right around the time that a party of Norse visited the island of Newfoundland. Hansen, a Professor of History at Yale University, wondered if the three events were related—and eventually realized that regional expansion lay behind all of them. The year 1000 thus represents the dawning of the first great age of globalization, a time when preexisting trade networks both strengthened and came into contact with each other, and an object could, theoretically, traverse the entire globe by being passed from one set of human hands to another. This situation prevailed for roughly the next 500 years, before being displaced by a new set of patterns inaugurated by state-sponsored Early Modern European expansion. Hansen opens with the Norse voyage to Vinland c. 1000, recorded in certain Viking sagas and archaeologically confirmed in 1960. In that year, Helge and Anne Ingstad excavated L’Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland and discovered objects of unmistakable Viking provenance, including evidence of iron smelting, technology unknown to the native inhabitants of North America. Native Americans certainly had their own trading networks, however, such as those of the Mayans, the Mississippians, the Ancestral Puebloans of New Mexico, or the Wari of Peru which, when they were not exchanging goods, certainly shared knowledge. Returning to Europe, Hansen details the Vikings’ expansion eastwards and their founding of the Rus, centered on Kiev, and its trade in furs and slaves—occasionally with the Volga Bulgars and Khazar Khanate further east, more often with the Abbasid Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire to the south. The latter of these successfully converted the Rus to Orthodox Christianity, making trade between the two polities much easier, and indeed, Islam and Roman Christianity also made significant conversions around the year 1000, with the concomitant expansion of political alliances and trading networks. One of these extended over the Sahara Desert to Mali (whose goldfields eventually made its Muslim ruler Mansa Musa ‘the world’s richest man’ [p. 113]), another down the east coast of Africa to the Great Zimbabwe. Islam only went so far in Central Asia, however, before it ran into Buddhism, the religion of the Liao Dynasty (of Mongolia and Manchuria), Korea, and Japan, and a major influence on Song Dynasty China—and [End Page 70] the basis for another major trading bloc. The sea lanes of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, which connected places as far apart as Madagascar, Chola Kingdom India, Angkor in Indochina, Srivijaya on the island of Sumatra, and the islands of Polynesia allowed for the exchange of all kinds of goods, especially spices and aromatics. But it was China that was ‘the most globalized place on Earth’ (p. 199). Its large population happily consumed all sorts of goods from overseas, while its own products (especially pottery) and superior technology were in heavy demand elsewhere. Hansen never really explains why the first great era of globalization should have arisen around the year 1000. The Medieval Warm Period (leading to the ‘cerealization’ of northern Europe) may have played a role, although she notes that such climatological good fortune was not shared by all regions (thus the collapse of the Classic Maya due to drought). Perhaps it is simply a coincidence that such a nice, round number as ‘1000’ witnessed what was probably bound to happen at some point anyway. A strength of the book is Hansen’s insistence that globalization, then as now, produces definite winners and losers; the creation of what Amy Chua called ‘market-dominant minorities’ (World on Fire: How...

Customers Online Shopping Experience - Comparison Among Amazon, Flipkart & Snapdeal

Today customers have a variety of online shopping sites from where they can make their purchases. Online shopping helps the customers to purchase all sorts of goods and services from all around the world. Online shopping is a method of shopping, in which the customers can purchase goods and services from any part of the world through the internet. Online shopping experienceof the customers with some online sites may bepositive whereas with some other sites it may be negative. Experience is gathered after making a shopping decision. A positive experience results due to better quality of products and services, reasonable pricing, timely delivery of products, offers and discounts (including festive offers and discounts), end of season sale etc. Positive experience leads to repetitive purchases. Negative experience results due to defective products, delay in the delivery of products, poor after sales services, delay or no refund given, no exchange facility etc.With reference to the three giant companies namely Amazon, Flipkart and Snapdeal, for the purpose of this study, primary data was collected through a structured Questionnaire and administered to 60 respondents. A simple percentage method was used to analyse the data and a non-parametrical test, Chi-square method was used to test the hypothesis. The study concludes that shopping experience by Amazon is better than the other two companies.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT KONVEYOR UNTUK SISTEM SOLTIR BARANG BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO UNO

Expedition delivery of goods very much Prepared by the people of Indonesia. in freight forwarding services in Indonesia has several expeditions in existence. One of them expedition TIKI, on TIKI expedition do sorting of goods which will be thrown to courier by way of worker will estimate width, height and weight of the goods. In this study made Conveyor Tool For System Sort Item that use arduino uno with load cell sensor and utrasonik sensor. On wide readings using two ultrasonic sensors that are placed on the outside of the place. And using one ultrasonic sensor measuring height and one heavy cell sensor load. At the same time in places where the sensor will read and afterwards the items will be brought by the conveyor and bar to the specified place. From the results of the study of goods in the pilah and take appropriate kereteria in the set.

Granulometric and facies analysis of Middle–Upper Jurassic rocks of Ler Dome, Kachchh, western India: an attempt to reconstruct the depositional environment

AbstractGrain size analysis is an important sedimentological tool used to unravel hydrodynamic conditions, mode of transportation and deposition of detrital sediments. For the present study, detailed grain size analysis was carried out in order to decipher the palaeodepositional environment of Middle–Upper Jurassic rocks of the Ler Dome (Kachchh, western India), which is further reinforced by facies analysis. Microtextures were identified as grooves, straight steps and V-shaped pits, curved steps and solution pits suggesting the predominance of chemical solution activity. Grain size statistical parameters (Graphic and Moment parameters) were used to document depositional processes, sedimentation mechanisms and conditions of hydrodynamic energy, as well as to discriminate between various depositional environments. The grain size parameters show that most of the sandstones are medium- to coarse-grained, moderately to well sorted, strongly fine skewed to fine skewed and mesokurtic to platykurtic in nature. The abundance of medium- to coarse-grained sandstones indicates fluctuating energy levels of the deposition medium and sediment type of the source area. The bivariate plots show that the samples are mostly grouped, except for some samples that show a scattered trend, which is either due to a mixture of two modes in equal proportion in bimodal sediments or good sorting in unimodal sediments. The linear discriminant function analysis is predominantly indicative of turbidity current deposits under shallow-marine conditions. The C-M plots indicate that the sediments formed mainly by rolling to bottom suspension and rolling condition in a beach subenvironment. Log probability curves show that the mixing between the suspension and saltation populations is related to variable energy conditions.

Recreational Services Provision and Farm Diversification: A Technical Efficiency Analysis on Italian Agritourism

Recreational functions are among the most important practices to improve farmers’ income and to promote sustainability in the rural territories. Two crucial issues are the ability to rationally allocate farm resources and the ability to efficiently produce different sorts of food and non-food goods. Possible cost savings due to the co-presence of different activities can generate positive effects in the creation of value by agritourist farmers. This paper aims to investigate technical efficiency related to agritourism and recreational functions in Sardinia. Based on a sample of 37 farms and using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, we aim to estimate the technical efficiency of double attitude processes, such as those that characterise agritourism practices. Our findings suggest that efficiency can improve if technical inputs are adequately used; however, the scale appears to be close enough to optimal. Furthermore, we estimated that the margins for improving the efficiency are larger for recreational services and that technical factors contribute to efficiency with a different magnitude. Furthermore, we estimated whether agricultural and non-agricultural resources are efficiently allocated. To our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts in Europe at using an efficiency analysis in agritourism.

Discussion on the Development of Car-Free Carriers in China’s Logistics Industry

Under the current “Internet + Logistics” model, the “car-free carrier model” has also emerged as a new thing. This model is not simply a logistics vehicle that is not equipped with transport vehicles. Units or individuals, these people are not engaged in the corresponding transportation business, but simply the transportation organization, the sorting of goods and the choice of transportation methods and routes. They mainly obtain the corresponding difference income by “wholesale” for transportation. Its main business objects are mainly principals, carriers, etc. The main workflow is to sign the power of attorney, the dispatch of the waybill, loading, signing and so on. This paper aims to find out the limitations of the development of car-free carriers in China in the logistics industry from the development of car-free carriers in China. Based on the development of car-free carriers abroad and the development experience of non-vessel carriers in China, the corresponding development proposals are proposed.

Automatic three-dimensional sorting system based on internet and database

Automatic three-dimensional sorting system is the core part of supply chain operation for logistics and warehousing department. It has some difficulty in design. The sorting distance and sorting time optimisation in traditional sorting operation is not enough. Therefore, automatic three-dimensional sorting system based on internet and database is designed. The system uses buffer zone and cargo moving area for cargo delivery through shelf area storage of goods, uses cargo sorting area to distinguish different logistics receiving area and different types of goods. This paper introduces goods sorting process in and out of storage using internet agent to realise sorting control, and designs the control, negotiation and communication principle for internet agent. At the same time SQL Server 2014 development database is selected to establish the required information entity-relation graph and feature table. Experimental results show that the sorting distance and sorting time of the system are short and it can play a great role in sorting operation.

Experimental determination of porosity and permeability properties of terrigenous reservoirs for creation and validation of a digital core model

Digital core modelling is a vital task assessing original-oil-in-place. This technology can be seen as an additional tool for physical experiments capable of providing fast and efficient modelling of porous media. The objective of the paper is to determine experimentally the porosity and permeability properties of rocks and justify the possibility of using them for digital core modelling. The paper also validates feasibility of using the results of lithologic and petrographic surveys of thin sections in digital core modelling. The experimental studies of reservoir conditions allowed us to obtain curves of the dependence between the kerosene permeability of the terrigenous reservoir of the Buff Berea field and the temperature and to determine its main porosity and permeability properties. The paper also validates feasibility of applying the results of lithologic and petrographic surveys of thin sections of the reservoir to form the structure of the pore space of a digital core model by machine learning. The choice of this reservoir stems from the fact that the terrigenous sandstones of Berea Sandstone (USA) are characterised by minimal anisotropy of porosity and permeability properties, relatively high porosity and permeability, as well as uniformly sized grains of the composing rocks and good sorting. Oil industry experts therefore consider samples of these rocks to be most suitable for conducting applied research and testing various technologies. The results obtained were used to select the parameters required for modelling filtration flows in a digital model of the core.

Feasibility study on the use of a portable micro near infrared spectroscopy device for the “in vineyard” screening of extractable polyphenols in red grape skins

There is substantial variation in levels of extractable phenolic compounds of red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Therefore, it could be desirable to known the aforesaid parameter at least for each vine. Nowadays, interest has shifted toward the development of portable vis/NIR systems, innovation in optical system design and miniaturization for its friendly use directly in the field.Spectra of intact grapes and grapes skins were recorded at harvest time in two different vintages (2016 and 2017 respectively) using a portable micro NIR spectrophotometer (908–1676 nm). A number of chemometric approaches have been used for spectral interrogation and evaluation of the aforesaid device. Spectral data have been correlated with red grape skin extractable polyphenols (total phenolic, anthocyanins and flavanols) by modified partial least squares regression (MPLS) using a number of spectral pretreatments. Moreover, different statistics strategies have been performed to develop a qualitative analysis of the data (linear discriminant analysis, discriminant partial least square analyses and Pearson's similarity index).After an exhaustive analysis of the obtained results in two different seasons, it can be concluded that the use of the portable micro NIR device for the “in vineyard” screening of extractable polyphenols in red grape skins is hampered by a number of factors. Environmental and physiological conditions should be considered to evaluate and remove factors that hamper a good sorting the berries according to their extractable polyphenol contents.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENYORTIRAN BARANG OTOMATIS BERBASIS ARDUINO PADA PT WAHANA PRESTASI LOGISTIK SEMARANG

The purpose of this research is to design goods sorting equipment automatically using ultrasonic sensors, load cell sensors. A valid arduino-based servo motor so that the prototype product sorting device automatically uses ultrasonic sensors and arduino-based load cell sensors can be received by PT Wahana Prestasi Logistik Semarang. The method used in this research is the Research and Development (R&D from Borg and Gall) research method. This research discusses about building a sorting device automatically using ultrasonic sensors, load cell sensors, servo motors, conveyors and arduino. The final product results obtained The prototype product is valid, proven from the ultrasonic sensor, the load cell sensor detects the height of the package, and the weight of the package, the tool will sort the items automatically and know the price to pay, then this prototype product has been declared good and accepted by the user (PT Wahana Semarang Logistics Achievement) through user validation,

Particle separation in surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices using reprogrammable, pseudo-standing waves

We report size and density/compressibility-based particle sorting using on-off quasi-standing waves based on the frequency difference between two ultrasonic transducers. The 13.3 MHz fundamental operating frequency of the surface acoustic wave microfluidic device allows the manipulation of particles on the micrometer scale. Experiments, validated by computational fluid dynamics, were carried out to demonstrate size-based sorting of 5–14.5 μm diameter polystyrene (PS) particles and density/compressibility-based sorting of 10 μm PS, iron-oxide, and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles, with densities ranging from 1.05 to 1.5 g/cm3. The method shows a sorting efficiency of >90% and a purity of >80% for particle separation of 10 μm and 14.5 μm, demonstrating better performance than similar sorting methods recently published (72%–83% efficiency). The sorting technique demonstrates high selectivity separation of particles, with the smallest particle ratio being 1.33, compared to 2.5 in previous work. Density/compressibility-based sorting of polystyrene and iron-oxide particles showed an efficiency of 97 ± 4% and a purity of 91 ± 5%. By varying the sign of the acoustic excitation signal, continuous batch acoustic sorting of target particles to a desired outlet was demonstrated with good sorting stability against variations of the inflow rates.

Sedimentary and diagenetic control on the porosity and permeability in Lower-Middle Jurassic reservoirs, northern margin of Tianshan, China

The Lower-Middle Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in the northern margin of Tianshan are considered a significant area of tight sandstone gas. Sedimentary, petrologic and petroleum geologic criteria have been surveyed in six sections along continuous outcrops and cores. Thin sections and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images combined with mercury injection techniques are used to restore the evolution of pore-throat structures. The Lower-Middle Jurassic sandstones are mainly low-porosity and extra-low-permeability reservoirs. The results of constant-rate mercury injection reveal that the distribution pattern of the pore radii is not related to permeability, whereas the throat radii increase with increasing permeability. The microcosmic heterogeneity in reservoirs is dominated by a high proportion of narrow throats. An analysis of the reservoirs' physical properties and diagenesis indicates that the quality of the Lower-Middle Jurassic sandstone reservoirs is controlled by sedimentary environment, eodiagenesis, and diagenesis that developed in different sedimentary microfacies. The pore-throat structures can be divided into six types. In coal-bearing formations that are rich in organic matter, compaction decreases the quality of the reservoirs, and the reaction of early-formed kaolinite with remnant, undissolved K-feldspar may cause diagenetic illite to block the throats. At the bottom of the fluvial channels in braided river delta plains or at the top of mouth bars in braided river delta fronts, eodiagenesis can inhibit compaction via early basal carbonate cementation, and the unfavorable reservoirs are extra-low-porosity and extra-low-permeability sandstones. Infiltration-related clay is widespread. Smectite coats covered grains, and kaolinite filled remnant intergranular pores as aggregations, which increased the heterogeneity of the pore-throat structures. Authigenic chlorite coats protect intergranular pores from compaction and cementation by quartz overgrowths. Reservoirs with medium to low porosity and medium to low permeability come from the middle-upper portions of fluvial channels in braided river delta plains of the Xishanyao Formation or from the upper part of sub-water fluvial channels in the Badaowan Formation and the Sangonghe Formation or mouth bars in braided river delta fronts of the Sangonghe Formation. In near-surface settings, such as the bottom of fluvial channels or the top of mouth bars in braided river deltas, infiltration-related dissolution leads to more intergranular dissolution pores. However, the development of the highest-quality reservoirs, i.e., medium porosity and medium permeability, is limited. Other types exist between these end members in quality. Due to good sorting and low matrix content, the barrier bars of the Toutunhe Formation and the Sangonghe Formation with good lateral connectivity in the lacustrine facies are widespread in the northern margin of Tianshan and are considered to be high-quality reservoirs.

Depositional, sedimentary, and diagenetic controls on reservoir quality in carbonate successions: A case study from the carbonate gas reservoirs of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation, eastern Sichuan Basin, China

The Kaijiang–Liangping trough is an important carbonate gas zone in eastern Sichuan Basin. The western platform of this trough has received less attention than the eastern one due to its lower reservoir potential. The current study mainly investigated depositional, sedimentological, and diagenetic features of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation (T1f) from the Tieshan area located at the western platform, aiming to discuss their controls on reservoir quality. The gentle slope in the Tieshan area (approximately 5°) deposited platform marginal oolitic shoals featured by thin vertical accumulation and long-distance lateral migration, thereby forming small-scale and scattered-distribution reservoirs. Despite intensive diagenesis alterations after sedimentation, the T1f reservoir porosity was controlled by sedimentological factors (i.e., grain size and sorting) at varying degrees. High-quality reservoirs occurred in the dolograinstones with good sorting and coarse grain sizes. The T1f carbonates underwent the near-surface and burial diagenesis in the Tieshan area. Dolomitization and associated syn- and post-dolomitizational dissolutions were important factors for secondary porosity development. Dolomite recrystallization increased intercrystal porosity in dolostones characterized by precursor mud-dominated fabric, thereby resulting in gradual shift from Lucia class 3 to class 1 petrophysical relationships with increasing crystalline sizes. By contrast, the intergrain porosity was not influenced by recrystallization in dolograinstones, which pervasively displayed classes 1 and 2 petrophysical relationships regardless of dolomite crystal sizes. The T1f gas reservoirs evolved from a paleo-oil accumulation as evidenced by pore-filling bitumen, which had negative effects on crystalline dolostones by filling intercrystal pores. However, its influence on dolograinstones was negligible as dissolution in relation to thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction occurred during paleo-oil cracking into gas, thereby increasing intergrain porosity and effectively offsetting porosity decrease caused by bitumen filling. TSR dissolution occurred at certain intensity in the Tieshan area, which was evidenced by H2S occurrence in gas.

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Wanita Tani Melalui Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Pekarangan dengan Budidaya Sayuran Organik Dataran Rendah Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dan Berkelanjutan

The specific purpose of this activity is to increase the motivation of women in improving the quality of life and self-reliance in the family by optimizing the yard with organic vegetable farming in the lowlands based on Local Wisdom and Sustainable. The strategy used was the empowerment of target groups with the approach of Participatory Rural Appraisal, methods of education, training, demonstration plots, assistance and equipped with learning by doing techniques. The materials presented were: (1) garden intensification technology with verticultur method, (2) organic vegetable cultivation technology based on liquid organic fertilizer, botanical pesticide and PGPR, (3) composting technology with enrichment of Trichoderma harzianum (Tricho-compos) activator of local microorganism, (4) technology of pest and disease control on environmentally friendly vegetable crops using botanical insecticides and microbial antagonists; (5) water use efficiency technology with drip irrigation; (6) good sorting, grading and packing technology, 7) empowerment technology to form groups and institutional strengthening and group management. The results of this activity are: (1) the target group / members The women farmer group has a very high curiosity about new information that can improve their standard of living,(2) technology transfer activities on the use of garden with organic vegetable cultivation received positive response from the members of the Group, (3) This devotional activity can encourage the pattern of mind and pattern of member action in organic vegetable cultivation by developing rural resources and sustainable local wisdom, (4) Verikultur cultivation technique with vertical paralon type on a land area of 10 m2 is economically profitable

Design and Application of Automatic Falling Device for Different Brands of Goods

The Goods-Falling device is an important device in the intelligent sorting goods sorting system, which is responsible for the temporary storage and counting of the goods, and the function of putting the goods on the conveyor belt according to certain precision requirements. According to the present situation analysis and actual demand of the domestic goods sorting equipment, a vertical type Goods - Falling Device is designed and the simulation model of the device is established. The dynamic characteristics such as the angular error of the opening and closing mechanism are carried out by ADAMS software. The simulation results show that the maximum angular error is 0.016rad. Through the test of the device, the goods falling speed is 7031/hour, the good of the falling position error within 2mm, meet the crawl accuracy requirements of the palletizing robot.

Grain size statistics and depositional pattern of the Ecca Group sandstones, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

AbstractGrain size analysis is a vital sedimentological tool used to unravel the hydrodynamic conditions, mode of transportation and deposition of detrital sediments. In this study, detailed grain-size analysis was carried out on thirty-five sandstone samples from the Ecca Group in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Grain-size statistical parameters, bivariate analysis, linear discriminate functions, Passega diagrams and log-probability curves were used to reveal the depositional processes, sedimentation mechanisms, hydrodynamic energy conditions and to discriminate different depositional environments. The grain-size parameters show that most of the sandstones are very fine to fine grained, moderately well sorted, mostly near-symmetrical and mesokurtic in nature. The abundance of very fine to fine grained sandstones indicate the dominance of low energy environment. The bivariate plots show that the samples are mostly grouped, except for the Prince Albert samples that show scattered trend, which is due to the either mixture of two modes in equal proportion in bimodal sediments or good sorting in unimodal sediments. The linear discriminant function analysis is dominantly indicative of turbidity current deposits under shallow marine environments for samples from the Prince Albert, Collingham and Ripon Formations, while those samples from the Fort Brown Formation are lacustrine or deltaic deposits. The C-M plots indicated that the sediments were deposited mainly by suspension and saltation, and graded suspension. Visher diagrams show that saltation is the major process of transportation, followed by suspension.

Occurrence of organic UV filters and metabolites in lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) from Brazil

UV filters (UV-Fs) constitute a heterogeneous group of chemicals used as protection against the effects of UV radiation, widely used in all sort of goods and ubiquitous in the environment. The presence of these chemicals in fish is a matter of concern, because many UV-Fs display hormonal activity. In this study, muscle, gills, and liver from 11 Mugil liza individuals from the highly urbanized Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were analysed in order to detect eight UV-Fs and metabolites (4-dihydroxybenzophenone [BP1] (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone [BP3], 4-methylbenzylidiene camphor [4MBC], ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate [EHMC], ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid [ODPABA], octocrylene [OC], 4-hydroxybenzophenone [4HB], and 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone [4DHB]) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results showed that both target UV-Fs and metabolites were ubiquitous in the analysed tissues. Lower concentrations were observed in muscle and gills (3.07–31.6ngg−1 dry weight (dw)), whereas in liver significant amounts of metabolites (5.47–451ngg−1 dw) were present. With the concentrations determined in the fish, an estimation of the daily intake revealed that consumption of muscle in the diet represent from 0.3 to 15.2ng UV-Fs (kg body weight−1) d−1, higher than those reported in fish for selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs).