Sort Of Picture Research Articles

Why Urban Adolescents Drop into and out of Public High School

Statistics on school experiences of dropouts provide one sort of picture of the problem. In this article Michelle Fine provides another. Using ethnographic techniques, she describes through the eyes and words of actual dropouts the factors that led them to leave school.

Cognitive impairments of aphasics in picture sorting and matching tasks.

On the basis of earlier experiments showing a differential deficit of aphasics in picture sorting and matching tasks, two experiments were conducted to test the conjecture of a specific deficit of aphasics in the analytical appraisal of individual features. Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics--according to clinical diagnoses and the Aachener Aphasie Test--were compared with patients having right-hemisphere lesions or left-hemisphere lesions without aphasia. Both groups of aphasics differed from the control groups in the sorting task, irrespective of the sorting criterion, but the differences were small. The picture matching task did not discriminate between groups. Obviously, the basic assumption has to be modified with respect to specific conditions of task requirements. The experimental literature is reviewed.

The Croonian Lecture, 1978 - The crawling movement of metazoan cells

A great variety of metazoan cells have the ability to crawl across a surface. Students of inflammation, of wound healing, of developing embryos or of cell cultures have for many years investigated accessible aspects of the phenomenon, but largely in isolation. A general physiology of the movement hardly seemed possible. But the scene is beginning to change, and this lecture is an attempt to see what sort of a general picture may now be drawn. Present knowledge of the machinery of movement, which is undergoing a revolution as the muscle-like proteins of the cytoplasm emerge more clearly, is considered. The lecture then outlines the circumstances in which cell movement occursin vivo, and suggests the functions that it performs. Finally, attention is turned to what may be called the behavioural aspects, to how the movement is guided in particular directions and started or stopped by the conditions around the cell.

Memory as Direct Awareness of the Past

The philosophy of memory has been largely dominated by what could be called ‘the representative theory of memory’. In trying to give an account of ‘what goes on in one's mind’ when one remembers something, or of what ‘the mental content of remembering’ consists, philosophers have usually insisted that there must be some sort of mental image, picture, or copy of what is remembered. Aristotle said that there must be ‘something like a picture or impression’; William James thought that there must be in the mind 'an image or copy’ of the original event; Russell said that ‘Memory demands an image’. In addition to the image or copy a variety of other mental phenomena have been thought to be necessary. In order for a memory image to be distinguished from an expectation image, the former must be accompanied by ‘a feeling of pastness’. One has confidence that the image is of something that actually occurred because the image is attended by ‘a feeling of familiarity’. And in order that you may be sure that the past event not merely occurred but that you witnessed it, your image of the event must be presented to you with a feeling of ‘warmth and intimacy’. When all the required phenomena are put together, the mental content of remembering turns out to be, as William James says, ‘a very complex representation’.

Memory as Direct Awareness of the Past

The philosophy of memory has been largely dominated by what could be called ‘the representative theory of memory’. In trying to give an account of ‘what goes on in one's mind’ when one remembers something, or of what ‘the mental content of remembering’ consists, philosophers have usually insisted that there must be some sort of mental image, picture, or copy of what is remembered. Aristotle said that there must be ‘something like a picture or impression’; William James thought that there must be in the mind 'an image or copy’ of the original event; Russell said that ‘Memory demands an image’. In addition to the image or copy a variety of other mental phenomena have been thought to be necessary. In order for a memory image to be distinguished from an expectation image, the former must be accompanied by ‘a feeling of pastness’. One has confidence that the image is of something that actually occurred because the image is attended by ‘a feeling of familiarity’. And in order that you may be sure that the past event not merely occurred but that you witnessed it, your image of the event must be presented to you with a feeling of ‘warmth and intimacy’. When all the required phenomena are put together, the mental content of remembering turns out to be, as William James says, ‘a very complex representation’.

Modeling the coronary circulation: implications in the pathogenesis of sudden death.

Numerous experimental and clinical studies of the coronary circulation have been reported in recent years, but as yet these studies have not been tied together in any sort of overall or integrated picture. The objective of this paper is to present some preliminary work on the formulation of such an integrated picture, using the techniques of mathematical model building. Such a development serves two purposes: first of all, the many diverse experimental results may be succinctly and clearly summarized by their incorporation in the model; and secondly, the model thus developed allows for the prediction of new results, as well as yielding a better understanding of the pathogenesis of such disorders as ischemic heart disease. In the following discussion, we limit our considerations to the left ventricle, the primary site of ischemic heart disease.

Studies on a Calanus Patch V. The production cruises in 1954: summary and conclusions

Thirteen cruises were made between mid-March and early June in 1954 off the coasts of southern Scotland and north-east England. It is likely that a Calanus patch was followed continuously during this period merely by observing the abundance of Calanus in and out the patch at very short time intervals (5–8 days between the mid-points of the cruises). Fig. 3 in Cushing & Tungate (1963) shows the distribution of Calanus copepoditestages during the period, which is the sort of picture expected if the same population were being sampled during the period. Application of the Joseph & Sendner (1958) equation suggested that the reduction of density due to diffusion was likely to be very low.

The fisheries application of sonar

Sonar has proved invaluable in pelagic fisheries as a direct detector of fish. In demersal fisheries the value of sonar except in Arctic cod fisheries is still mainly indirect—its chief value is for navigation and determination of the type of sea bed. Real advance seems to depend on methods which will improve definition and interpretability really substantially—to the stage of giving some sort of recognizable picture of the undersea scene.

Tuppu and the Date of Hammurabi

SELDOM can the correct understanding of one single word have had such importance for our knowledge of history as is the case with tuppu, for on it to a large extent depends whether we date Hammurabi 1728-1686, or sixtyfour years earlier. Since Egyptian chronology is fixed by the Sothic data for the Twelfth Dynasty,2 a wrong interpretation of the Babylonian evidence would yield a completely distorted picture for western Asia as a whole. Imagine only the sort of picture of our own times a scholar of the remote future would have whose comparative chronology was out by some sixtyfour years. He might, for instance, have concluded that the Battle of Britain was fought when Russia was ruled by Czar Alexander II.

The general character of deep‐seated materials in relation to volcanic activity

It is unlikely that a satisfactory explanation of volcanism will be obtained without having some sort of picture of what lies at considerable depths below the surface of the Earth. The underlying causes of volcanic activity are to be found in the physical and chemical nature of deep‐seated rocks. The object of this note is to summarize briefly the present state of our knowledge concerning the materials of the Earth below the relatively thin film accessible to direct observation. Unfortunately, not much is yet known—the outlines of our picture are being slowly filled in but it is still only a sketch. For supplying the details volcanology will lean heavily on the kindred science of seismology, and recent developments in pure physics give promise of important aid.

Modern Chemistry Part i Theoretical Chemistry

GIVERS of inexpensive Christmas remembrances—something more than a card and less than a present—have made us very familiar with the small volumes of the Temple series, and at a first glance the title pages of the two books before us seem to promise selections from Epictetus or De Quincey rather than an exposition of modern chemistry by a living authority. In the first of the volumes Prof. Ramsay has given an extremely condensed account of the present state of chemical theory, and in the second an equally condensed account of systematic chemistry. Both books bear the marks of freshness and originality, and, it must be added, both produce a certain feeling of breathlessness. They are eminently readable to a chemist, and extremely interesting as displaying a sort of camera obscura picture of the territory of chemistry as it is presented in the mind of one of the most active, most unconservative and most distinguished of contemporary workers. Modern Chemistry. Part i. Theoretical Chemistry. Pp. 126; Part ii. Systematic Chemistry. Pp. 203. By William Ramsay. The Temple Primers. (London: J. M. Dent and Co., 1900.) Price 1s. each.