Sorption Of Se Research Articles

Sorption of Se(VI) and Se(IV) on AFm phases

Selenate and selenite can sorb on AFm phases such as monosulfate, monocarbonate or hemicarbonate. Sorption and co-precipitation experiments were performed to determine their potential for the immobilization of two of the main aqueous species of selenium: SeVIO42− and SeIVO32−. A preferential uptake by hemicarbonate over monosulfate, and a much weaker sorption on monocarbonate was observed for both Se(IV) and Se(VI). Increased sulfate and carbonate concentrations as present at higher pH lowered the uptake of Se(VI) and Se(IV).Experimentally obtained sorption isotherms on hemicarbonate and monosulfate were reproduced with thermodynamic solid solution models, considering both surface sorption and interlayer bonding. For monocarbonate interlayer sorption was suppressed by the rigid structure and narrow interlayer distance. The observed limited uptake could be described by an anion exchange model on the outer surfaces only. This study shows that both anion exchange in the interlayer as well as sorption on outer surface sites can determine Se uptake by AFm phases.

Preparation and Modification of Biochar Derived from Agricultural Waste for Metal Adsorption from Urban Wastewater

This work evaluates the efficiency of three biochar samples toward the adsorption of manganese, iron, and selenium present in a sample of urban wastewater. The biochar was produced from the pyrolysis of rice husks at 350 °C for 6 h (RHB) and subsequently modified using HCl (RHBHCl) or NaOH (RHBNaOH) to increase its surface area. The RHBNaOH sample exhibited the highest removal efficiency for the three metals. The metals’ adsorption removal efficiency for RHBNaOH was in the order Mn (76%), Se (66%), and Fe (66%), while for RHBHCl, it was Fe (59%), Mn (30%), and Se (26%). The results show that the as-prepared RHB can remove the metals, even if in low amounts (Fe (48%), Mn (3%), and Se (39%)). The adsorption removal for the three types of adsorbents follows the Langmuir isotherm model. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to determine the adsorption mechanism for each of the three adsorbents. Both models showed a good fit with R2 (>0.9) for the RHBNaOH and RHB sorption of Fe, Mn, and Se. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of biochar for the removal of metals from real wastewater.

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Sorption of Cd(II) and Se(IV) by Rice Husk Biochar

This study investigated the removal of metal cations (Cd(II)) and metalloid anions (Se(IV)) from their aqueous solution by using agricultural waste (rice husk biochar). Rice husk biochar samples were prepared under 300, 500, and 700 °C pyrolysis conditions and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Aqueous Cd(II) and Se(IV) sorption kinetics and isotherms of rice husk biochar were studied. The results showed that the yield of rice husk biochar decreased from 41.6% to 33.3%, the pH increased from 7.5 to 9.9, and the surface area increased from 64.8 m2/g to 330.0 m2/g as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 700 °C. Under the experimental conditions, at increasing preparation temperatures of rice husk biochar, the sorption performance of Cd(II) and Se(IV) was enhanced. The sorption capability and sorption rate were considerably higher and faster for Cd(II) ions than for Se(IV) ions. Cd(II) sorption was found to reach equilibrium faster, within 150 min, while Se(IV) sorption was slower and reached equilibrium within 750 min. The maximum sorption capacities of cadmium and selenium by rice husk biochar were 67.7 mg/g and 0.024 mg/g, respectively, according to Langmuir model fitting.

Sorption of Se(IV) from Aqueous Solutions with Subsequent Determination by X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

Sorption of Se(IV) from Aqueous Solutions with Subsequent Determination by X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

Sorption of Se(-II) on illite, MX-80 bentonite, shale, and limestone in Na–Ca–Cl solutions

Selenium has been identified as an element of interest for the safety assessment of a deep geological repository (DGR) for used nuclear fuel. In Canada, groundwaters at DGR depths in sedimentary rocks have been observed to have a high ionic strength. This paper examines the sorption behavior of Se(-II) onto illite, MX-80 bentonite, Queenston shale, and argillaceous limestone in Na–Ca–Cl solutions of varying ionic strength (0.1–6 mol/kgw (m)) and across a pH range of 4–9. Little ionic strength dependence for Se(-II) sorption onto all solids was observed except that sorption at high ionic strength (6 m) was generally slightly lower than sorption at low ionic strength (0.1 m). Illite and MX-80 exhibited the expected results for anion sorption, while shale and limestone exhibited more constant sorption across the pH range tested. A non-electrostatic surface complexation model successfully predicted sorption of Se(-II) onto illite and MX-80 using the formation of an inner-sphere surface complex and an outer-sphere surface complex. Optimized values for the formation reactions of these surface species were proposed.

An Application of Safety Assessment for Radioactive Waste Repository: Non-Equilibrium Transport of Tritium, Selenium, and Cesium in Crushed Granite with Different Path Lengths

Advection-dispersion experiments (ADE) were effectively designed for inadequate transport models through a calibration/validation process. HTO, selenium (Se), and cesium (Cs) transport in crushed granite were studied using a highly reliable, dynamic column device in order to obtain the retardation factors (R) and the dispersion coefficients (D) by fitting experimental breakthrough curves (BTCs) for various path lengths. In order to conduct a safety assessment (SA) of a deep geological repository for high-level radioactive waste, radionuclide transport in rock systems is necessary to clarify and establish a suitable model. A dynamic column with a radiotracer (HTO, Se(IV), and Cs) was applied to 2, 4, and 8 cm path lengths using a STANMOD simulation. The results showed similar results between the BTCs of Se and Cs by fitting a non-equilibrium sorption model due to the retardation effect. In fact, there was a relatively obvious sorption of Se and Cs in the BTCs obtained by fitting a retardation factor (R) value higher than 1. In addition, a two-region (physical) and a two-site (chemical) non-equilibrium model with either the lowest sum of squared residuals (SSQ) or the root mean square error (RMSE) were applied to determine the Se and Cs sorption mechanisms on granite.

Simulation of non-linear heterogeneity-based isotherms for characterizing anaerobic and aerobic sorption of Se and Cs on various clay rocks

Simulation of non-linear heterogeneity-based isotherms for characterizing anaerobic and aerobic sorption of Se and Cs on various clay rocks

Competing Sorption of Se(IV) and Se(VI) on Schwertmannite

Schwertmannite (SHM) is a naturally occurring mineral that has been shown to effectively scavenge oxyanions from contaminated water. In this study, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques in combination with wet-chemical techniques were used to study the competitive sorption of Se(IV) and Se(VI) at pH 3. The experiments were conducted with three types of schwertmannite obtained from oxidative synthesis, biogenic synthesis and high-pressure compaction at different initial Se concentrations and mixing ratios for 48 h and 56 days, respectively. A threshold value for the uptake mechanisms was identified, which reflects the amount of easily exchangeable sulphate (~0.5 mmol/g). At adsorbate concentrations below this threshold, an inner-sphere corner-sharing bidentate binuclear complex forms upon exchange with sulphate. At higher concentrations, both oxyanions become bound to SHM through co-occurrence of mainly inner-sphere and partly outer-sphere corner-sharing bidentate binuclear complexes with Fe(III) containing surface sites. Single species experiments clearly indicate a higher affinity of SHM for Se(IV). However, in mixed species experiments, competitive sorption occurs with equal or even preferential uptake of Se(VI) at concentrations much lower than the threshold value, presumably due to geometrical similarity between selenate and sulphate, and increasing preference for Se(IV) at high Se concentrations.

Sorption of Se(IV) from aqueous solution by wheat bran-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite.

Natural biocompatible material is promising candidate for selenite sorption from water since it allows to reuse selenium while dispose of waste materials. In this study, innovative wheat bran-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite was prepared by in situ precipitation method. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the hydroxyapatite aggregated in the fiber matrix of the wheat bran. The results of batch sorption experiments including sorption kinetics, isotherms, and the effect of solution pH showed that the sorption of Se(IV) on the wheat bran-HA adsorbent was fast, endothermic, and pH-independent in the range from 5.0 to 7.0. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that interaction occurred between Se(IV) and the hydroxyl groups on the composite. Column studies showed that wheat bran-HA composite was suitable to be utilized for continuous Se(IV) removal. The wheat bran-HA composite has a potential application for Se(IV) removal in water treatment.

Preparation of wheat bran-titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite and its application for selenium adsorption

Selenium is metabolically required by a variety of organisms, but it may induce toxicity at high doses. The removal of a high concentration of selenium from water with natural and biocompatible materials is a vital component in the reuse of selenium given that the process converts low-cost materials into value-added products. In this study, novel wheat bran-titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite was prepared through the in situ hydrolysis of titanium oxysulfate in the presence of wheat bran after destarching, and its sorption characteristics toward Se(IV) from aqueous solutions were investigated. Scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction results revealed that amorphous TiO2 particles dispersed in the fiber matrix and on the fiber surface. The sorption of Se(IV) on the wheat bran-TiO2 composite was fast and pH dependent. The wheat bran-TiO2 composite exhibited high sorption capacity for Se(IV) at high temperatures, and the Langmuir isotherm models were able to fit the experimental data. The presence of phosphate reduced the efficiency of Se(IV) adsorption, whereas other coexisting anions had slight effects on Se(IV) adsorption. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the hydroxyl groups of TiO2 on the composite surface were involved in Se(IV) adsorption. The hybrid wheat bran-TiO2 composite has a promising application for Se(IV) sorption and enrichment in aqueous solutions.

Sorption of Se (IV) and (VI) oxyanions from aqueous solutions

Different types of sorbents were tested to selectively remove oxyanions of SeIV and SeVI from model solutions containing various accompanying anions (chlorides, nitrates, sulphates) that simulate real conditions and may affect the sorption of selenium oxyanions. In addition to the optimization of sorption conditions. The best results of selenite sorption were achieved with sorbent GEH (hydrated iron oxide sorbent) and selenate sorption with Purolite S110 (N-methylglucamine functional group). The optimal pH for sorption of SeIV using GEH was found to be 3 and for sorption of SeVI it was pH 4.

Sorption of Se (IV) from aqueous solutions with subsequent determination by X-ray fluorescence analysis

An approach to sorptive separation of Se (IV) from solutions on a novel S,N-containing sorbent with subsequent determination of the analyte in the sorbent phase by micro-x-ray fluorescence method is presented. The sorbent copolymethylenesulfide-N-alkyl-methylenamine (CMA) was synthesized using «snake in the cage» procedure and proven to be stable in acid solutions. Conditions for quantitative extraction of Se (IV) were determined: sorption in 5 M HCl or 0.05 M HNO3 solutions when heated to 60°C, phase contact time being 1 h. The residual selenium content in the solution was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using 82Se isotope. The absence of selenium losses is proved and the mechanism of sorption interaction under specified conditions is proposed. The method of micro-x-ray fluorescence analysis (micro-RFA) with mapping revealed a uniform distribution of selenium on the sorbent surface. The possibility of determining selenium in the sorbent phase by micro-RFA is shown. When comparing the obtained results with the results of calculations by the method of fundamental parameters, it is shown the necessity of using standard samples of sorbates to obtain correct results of RFA determination of selenium in the sorbent phase.

Exploring sorption behaviors of Se(IV) and Se(VI) on Beishan granite: Batch, ATR-FTIR, and XPS investigations

As the important anions in the high-level radioactive waste (HLRW), and the sorption behaviors of Se(VI) and Se(IV) on Beishan granite are important to the safe evaluation and performance assessment of the deep geological repository for HLRW in China. In this study, the sorption behaviors of Se(IV) and Se(VI) on Beishan granite were investigated under different environmental factors combining batch and spectroscopic approaches, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR). The results showed that Se(IV) sorption on Beishan granite was much higher than that of Se(VI) mainly due to their molecule charge densities and speciation in solution. The sorption of Se(IV) was independent of ionic strength, suggesting that the inner-sphere complexes (ISCs) was dominant for Se(IV) sorption on granite. However, Se(VI) sorption on Beishan granite was strongly dependent on ionic strength, which indicated that ion exchange and outer-sphere complexes (OSCs) dominated Se(VI) sorption. ATR-FTIR confirmed that Se(IV) and humic acid (HA) could form a soluble complex of HA-Se(IV) in solution. Therefore, under low pH and HA concentration conditions, the presence of HA could enhance Se(IV) sorption; while inhibited Se(IV) sorption on granite to some extent under high pH and HA concentration conditions. In case of Se(VI), the presence of HA greatly reduced the surface charge density of the Beishan granite, which in turn enhanced the electrostatic repulsion of Se(VI) and granite surfaces, thereby inhibiting Se(VI) sorption on granite surface. When Se(IV) coexisted with Eu (III), the sorption of Se(IV) on granite could be enhanced to a large extent, which might be due to the formation of Eu2(SeO3)3 complex with Se(IV) under alkaline condition (consistent with ATR-FTIR), or surface charge modifications of Beishan granite caused by Eu(III) sorption. Owing to the ISCs of Se(IV) on granite, the presence of anions almost no obvious effect on Se(IV) sorption except for SO32− and HPO42− in terms of the competitive sorption, which inhibited Se(IV) sorption to some extent. It was interesting that CO32− could enhance Se(IV) sorption to a large extent, however the mechanism was still not clear. Furthermore, XPS further confirmed that Se(IV) sorption on granite was dominated by Fe(II) and Fe(III), and the host mineral was biotite.

Sorption of selenium species onto phlogopite and calcite surfaces: DFT studies

Sorption of Se(IV) and Se(VI) species onto Mg-rich biotite (phlogopite) and calcite surfaces was investigated using molecular modelling techniques. A CASTEP code implemented into Materials Studio was used to calculate the periodic systems, site densities and site types on the phlogopite and calcite surfaces. According to the results, the Se oxyanions attach to both edge and basal surfaces of phlogopite via an oxygen atom. However, calculated sorption energies indicate that surface complexation reactions via hydrogen bonding happen on the edge surfaces of phlogopite while cation exchange reactions happen on the basal surfaces of phlogopite. These reactions occur on the so-called weak sites according to the PHREEQC modelling. On the calcite surface, only cation exchange reactions are possible, and only for neutral Se species which do not occur in low saline groundwater conditions with pH 8–10. Biotite which is an abundant mineral in crystalline rock works fairly well as a sorbent but calcite which often exists on fracture surfaces of bedrock does not act as a sorbent for Se species.

Ultra-fast enrichment and reduction of As(V)/Se(VI) on three dimensional graphene oxide sheets-oxidized carbon nanotubes hydrogels

The removals of arsenic and selenium pollutants are always urgent desires for the water security. In this study, both sorption and catalysis strategies were combined for the effective removals of As(V) and Se(VI) over magnetic graphene oxide sheets (GOs)-oxidized carbon nanotubes (OCNTs) hydrogels. The sorption behavior facilitated the operation of catalysis reactions, meanwhile, the catalytic reduction promoted the release of occupied sorption sites and then restarted a new sorption-catalysis cycle. The synergic effect of sorption and catalysis realized 258.2 mg g−1 for As(V) enrichment capacity on MPG2T1, and ultra-fast sorption and catalysis equilibriums were identified within 9 min. In the case of Se(VI), a moderate enrichment performance was observed to be 46.2 mg g−1. Similarly, the ultra-fast sorption and reduction of Se(VI) were realized within 2 min. In the competition experiments, only SO42−, SO32−, and HPO42− showed interference for As(V) and Se(VI) removals. These results testified the superiority of the synergy effect of sorption and catalysis, and the feasibility of 3D magnetic GOs-OCNTs hydrogel in practical implementations.

Direct immersion thin-film microextraction method based on the sorption of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate metal chelates onto graphene membranes followed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

This work reports on the development of a direct immersion thin-film microextraction procedure for the simultaneous preconcentration of different metal ions present in water samples using graphene membranes as novel sorptive platforms. The method relies on the sorption of metal ions as pyrrolidine dithicarbamate (APDC) chelates prior to determination by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence technique (TXRF). Easy-to-manipulate and flexible graphene membranes were prepared by thermal reduction of graphene oxide and drop-casting onto a glass support. The sorption of Co(II), Ni(II), As(III), Se(IV), Au(III), Hg(II), Pb(II) and Bi(III) as their APDC chelates onto the graphene membranes was carried out under the following optimal conditions: reduction time for the synthesis of graphene membranes, 8 min; pH 3; 0.04% (w/v) APDC concentration; 50 mL sample volume; 900 rpm stirring rate; 10 min extraction time; room temperature conditions. Detection limits in the range of 0.2–0.6 μg/L were achieved, which were much below the maximum contaminant levels in waters established by the different regulations. In order to assess the trueness of the method, two certified reference materials (i.e. QC1014 and QC1187) were analyzed. The method is simple, very sensitive and solvent free, being suitable for the determination of metal ions at trace levels in different types of water samples.

Sorption of Se species on mineral surfaces, part I: Batch sorption and multi-site modelling

The sorption behavior of Se(IV) on Grimsel granodiorite and its main minerals, plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz and biotite, were investigated in Grimsel groundwater simulant in a large Se concentration range (from 1.66 × 10−10 M to 1 × 10−3 M). Experimental results show that the distribution coefficients (Kd values) of Se(IV) on the rock and mineral samples increased with the decreasing of Se(IV) concentration. The sorption of Se(IV) on biotite has the largest Kd value in low concentration area (<10−7 M) stabilizing between 0.0595 ± 0.0097 m3/Kg and 0.0713 ± 0.0164 m3/Kg. The Kd value of Se(IV) on K-feldspar was the second largest (0.0154 ± 0.0019 m3/Kg in 10−9 M) while the sorption on quartz was negligible. The sorption behavior of Se(IV) on Grimsel granodiorite followed the same trend as plagioclase, the most abundant mineral in Grimsel granodiorite, with Kd values of 0.0078 ± 0.0010 m3/Kg for Grimsel granodiorite and 0.0085 ± 0.0016 m3/Kg for plagioclase, when Se(IV) concentration was 10−9 M. HPLC-ICP-MS results show that all the Se(IV) remained in +IV oxidation state after more than 1 month experimental time and speciation modelling proved that the main species in Grimsel groundwater simulant were HSeO3− and SeO32−. Multi-site surface complexation modelling was performed by PHREEQC with the help of molecular modelling techniques which was performed with the CASTEP code implemented into Materials Studio. The modelling results predict that there are three kinds of sorption sites on the surface of biotite mineral, with sorption site densities differing in three magnitudes.

Simultaneous sorption of As, B, Cr, Mo and Se from coal fly ash leachates by Al3+-pillared bentonite clay: implication for the construction of activated geo-synthetic clay liner

The present study reports the optimum conditions for intercalating the Al3+ species to bentonite clay matrices and evaluate the potential of using Al3+-modified bentonite clay (Alum-Bent) for removal of oxyanionic species of As, B, Cr, Mo and Se from coal fly ash (FA) leachates. Removal of oxyanionic species was done in batch experimental procedures. Parameters optimized were: contact time, adsorbent dosage, concentration and pH. The adsorption affinity of Al3+-bentonite clay for oxyanionic species varied as follows: B ≈ Se &amp;gt; Mo &amp;gt; Cr ≈ As respectively. The adsorption data fitted better to Langmuir adsorption isotherm than Freundlich adsorption isotherm hence confirming mono-site adsorption. The adsorption kinetics fitted well pseudo-second-order kinetic model hence confirming chemisorption. The fact that most of the oxyanion were adsorbed at pH ≥ pHpzc indicated that both electrostatic and chemical interactions occurred with the clay surface and interlayers. The Al3+-modified bentonite clay successfully removed oxyanion species from generated coal FA leachates. This study shows that Al3+-modified bentonite clay is an effective adsorbent for oxyanion species in coal FA leachates and could be applied as a reactive barrier in coal FA retention ponds.

Impact of inorganic contaminants on microalgae productivity and bioremediation potential

As underdeveloped nations continue to industrialize and world population continues to increase, the need for energy, natural resources, and goods will lead to ever increasing inorganic contaminants, such as heavy metals, in various waste streams that can have damaging effects on plant life, wildlife, and human health. This work is focused on the evaluation of the potential of Nannochloropsis salina to be integrated with contaminated water sources for the concurrent production of a biofuel feedstock while providing an environmental service through bioremediation. Individual contaminants (As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, Hg, Se, and Zn) at various concentrations ranging from a low concentration (1X) to higher concentrations (10X, and 40X) found in contaminated systems (mine tailings, wastewater treatment plants, produced water) were introduced into growth media. Biological growth experimentation was performed in triplicate at the various contaminant concentrations and at 3 different light intensities. Results show that baseline concentrations of each contaminant slightly decreased biomass growth to between 89% and 99% of the control with the exception of Ni which dramatically reduced growth. Increased contaminant concentrations resulted in progressively lower growth rates for all contaminants tested. Lipid analysis shows most baseline contaminant concentrations slightly decrease or have minimal effects on lipid content at all light levels. Trace contaminant analysis on the biomass showed Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn were sorbed by the microalgae with minimal contaminants remaining in the growth media illustrating the effectiveness of microalgae to bioremediate these contaminants when levels are sufficiently low to not detrimentally impact productivity. The microalgae biomass was less efficient at sorption of As, Cr, Ni, and Se.

Sorption of Se(IV) and Se(VI) to coal fly ash/cement composite: Effect of Ca2 + and high ionic strength

The sorption behavior and mechanisms of Se from wastewater with high salinity are unclear, a scenario that can be encountered in the flue-gas-desulfurization (FGD) blowdown at coal-fired power plants. In this study, we investigated the uptake behavior and mechanisms of Se(IV) and Se(VI) by a coal fly ash/cement composite at high ionic strengths (IS) of up to 3.0M NaCl or CaCl2 using batch sorption experiments, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. NaCl, regardless of IS, only caused slight changes in Se(IV) and Se(VI) uptake. Presence of CaCl2 significantly enhanced Se(IV) uptake, but had minor effect at low IS (≤0.3M) and no effect at high IS (>0.3M) on Se(VI) uptake. Both Se(IV) and Se(VI) mainly formed outer-sphere surface complexes in the presence of NaCl. The enhanced Se(IV) uptake by CaCl2 is likely due to the formation of Ca-SeO3 precipitate(s). Outer-sphere complexation is the main mechanism for Se(VI) sorption in the presence of CaCl2, with additional formation of minor amounts of inner-sphere complex at IS >0.3M. The results added new mechanistic insights for Se removal from industrial wastewaters with high salinity and will be useful for immobilization of Se in the co-management of FGD blowdown and coal fly ash wastes.