This paper summarizes the first results of a mycological survey of soils from the phytogeographical area known as Chaco (Argentina), and includes the records with descriptions of eight ascosporic form isolated, namely,Emericella nidulans varechinulata, Talaromyces spiculisporus, Auxarthron pseudoauxathron, Pectinotrichum llanense, Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium reflexum, Sordaria fimicola andNeocosmospora africana, of whichEmericella nidulans varechinulata, Talaromyces spiculisporus, Auxarthron pseudoauxarthron, Pectinotrichum llanense, Neocosmospora africana, are new to Argentina, whereasChaetomium globosum, Chaetomium reflexum andSordaria fimicola, are for the first time recorded for soil in this area. The paper contains a resume of all previous work on soil mycoflora from Argentina. Methods of study are detailed.